Investigations on the effects of ethanol–methanol–gasoline blends in a spark-ignition engine: Performance and emissions analysis (original) (raw)
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Corresponding Author: Hakan ÖZCAN-ABSTRACT-An experimentally study were carried out to investigate the effect of methanol and/or ethanol blends with gasoline on the combustion characteristics,engine performance and pollutant emissions. The blends including up to 15% by volume of alcohol and pure gasoline were used as test fuels in a four stroke, single cylinder, spark ignition (SI) engine. Experiments were performed at similar operating conditions under wide open throttle (WOT) operating conditions with varying engine speeds between 1200 and 1800 rpm. The test results showed that the average change in engine brake power, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), volumetric and combustion efficiencies within all engine speed and all blends rates by 4.63%, 4.91%, 1.46%, 13.5% and 0.27% for methanol-ethanol-gasoline blends, respectively. The calculated average reduction for all speeds and all blends rate in CO, HC, and NOx emissions were found as 7.56%, 16.02% and 8.17% for methanol-ethanol-gasoline blends, respectively. The results demonstrated that the pure gasoline has minimum cylinder pressure than blended fuel and increasing the rate ethanol and/or methanol in blends resulted in an increase of the maximum cylinder pressure. It was found that the alcohol content increases in the fuel blend caused also the higher the heat release rate (HRR) and thus the shorter the combustion duration. In addition, the ignition timing for the alcohol blends advanced to achieve maximum brake torque (MBT) conditionsI. INTRODUCTION Developing alternative fuels for internal combustion engines is one of most attractive research topic for scientist and engineers.The use of alcohol and their blends as fuels has been a popular subject of research sincethe 1970s[1-5]. Currently, alcohols are the most popular additives as octane boosters and as a partially oxidized fuel in gasoline fuel. In literature, there are several recent studies on the usage of ethanol andmethanol blending with gasoline in SI engines[6-18]. In some studies, the effects of methanol blends with gasoline on the performance and exhaust emissions of SI engines were investigated [6,9,14]. M. Abu-Zaid et al.[6]found that the methanol mixture has a significant impact on improving the performance of SI engines and also increases the octane number. Bilgin and Sezer [9]concluded that M5 fuel blend was given the maximum brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). Shenghua et al. [14]concluded that the methanol ratio increase in the gasoline blends decreased the engine power, and torque while the BTE increased. In other some studies, the effects of ethanol blends with gasoline on engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated [10,13,15]. Koc et al. stated that the engine torque, power, and BSFC increases, while the emissions of CO, NOx and HC decreases with the higher ethanol concentration in the blends compared with the gasoline. Schifter et al. [15]investigated the effect of ethanol-gasoline blends containing up to 20vol% ethanol on engine performance and exhaust emissions.They found that ethanol in the blends of 20 vol% was slowed down the rate of burning and the cyclic variation was increased.Another study reported that the use of hydrous ethanol cause higher BSFC and higher thermal efficiency than the gasoline-ethanol blend for the range of all operating speeds[10].The effects of methanol and/or ethanol blended gasoline on engine performance and exhaust emissions have investigated in a number of studies [19-22]. In a limited number of studies, the effect of ethanol and methanol blends with gasoline on the combustion characteristics of SI engines have investigated [15,20].The effects of adding at low ratios of methanol and ethanol to gasoline on thecombustion characteristics, engine performance and exhaust-gas emissions were experimentally investigated[19].Their results showed that the ethanol-gasoline blends have higher BSFC compared with pure gasoline. They also found that the combustion pressure rise was noted to occur later than gasoline fuel, and the lowest peak heat release rate was obtained in the gasoline study.Balki et
Performance analysis of ethanol–gasoline blends on a spark ignition engine: a review
Biofuels, 2016
Alternative fuels have an important role to play for both spark ignition and compression ignition engines, the prime reasons being the need to trim down the dependency on gasoline as a fuel and its economic aspects. Many investigations have primarily focused on using alternative fuels to see the diminishing effect on fuel consumption. The aim of this review is to study and analyze the range of opportunities and future prospects of introducing blends of gasolineÀethanol, gasoline with all other alcohols derivative and subsequent alternative fuels in varying percentage ratios in the existing spark ignition engines by diagnosing various aspects such as airÀfuel ratio, operating cylinder pressure, ignition timing and compression ratio related to the performance parameters only. Ethanol blends in lower proportions showed an increment in the range of 2.31À4.16% for the engine torque and 0.29À4.77% for brake power. Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased for higher volume of ethanol content in the range of 5.17À56%. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was slightly on a higher side in the range of 2.5À6% when ethanolÀgasoline blend was used.
The effects of unleaded gasoline and unleaded gasoline-ethanol blends on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with variable engine speeds (2600-3500 rpm). Four different blends on a volume basis were applied. These are E0 (0% ethanol + 100% unleaded gasoline), E3 (3% ethanol + 97% unleaded gasoline), E7 (7% ethanol + 93% unleaded gasoline) and E10 (10% ethanol + 90% unleaded gasoline). Results of the engine test indicated that using ethanol-gasoline blended fuels improve output torque, power, volumetric efficiency and fuel consumption of the engine; it was also noted that fuel consumption depends on the engine speed rather than the ethanol content for ethanol less than 10% blended ratio. CO and unburned hydrocarbons emissions decrease dramatically as a result of the leaning effect caused by the ethanol addition; CO2 emission increases because of the improved combustion.
Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal
The aim of this study, which is the first of its kind, is to compare experimentally the effects of different ternary blended fuels, e.g., ethanol-methanol-gasoline (EM), n-butanol-iso-butanol-gasoline (niB) and iso-butanol-ethanol-gasoline (iBE), on engine performance, combustion and pollutant emission characteristics to demonstrate the best potential one from these ternary fuel blends as alternative to fossil fuel. The experiments were performed at similar operating conditions and low content rates of fuel blends (3-10 vol% in gasoline) with varying engine speeds between 2600 and 3400 r/min at half throttle opening position of spark ignition engine. The results showed that the engine performance (volumetric efficiency, torque and brake power) increased, while pollutant emissions (carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC)) decreased at using EM fuel blends, compared to other blended fuels. It was also found that the highest emissions and the lowest performance among the blended fuels are introduced by niB, while iBE presented a moderate level of performance and emissions between niB and EM. On the other hand, the performance of niB and iBE is lower than the base fuel (neat gasoline) but EM showed a higher performance than the base fuel. The emissions of EM, niB and iBE are all lower than the base fuel.
Renewable Energy, 2009
Alcohols have been used as a fuel for engines since 19th century. Among the various alcohols, ethanol is known as the most suited renewable, bio-based and ecofriendly fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines. The most attractive properties of ethanol as an SI engine fuel are that it can be produced from renewable energy sources such as sugar, cane, cassava, many types of waste biomass materials, corn and barley. In addition, ethanol has higher evaporation heat, octane number and flammability temperature therefore it has positive influence on engine performance and reduces exhaust emissions. In this study, the effects of unleaded gasoline (E0) and unleaded gasoline-ethanol blends (E50 and E85) on engine performance and pollutant emissions were investigated experimentally in a single cylinder four-stroke spark-ignition engine at two compression ratios (10:1 and 11:1). The engine speed was changed from 1500 to 5000 rpm at wide open throttle (WOT). The results of the engine test showed that ethanol addition to unleaded gasoline increase the engine torque, power and fuel consumption and reduce carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. It was also found that ethanol-gasoline blends allow increasing compression ratio (CR) without knock occurrence.
Proceedings of the 29th International DAAAM Symposium 2018, 2018
Worldwide, in recent years, it has been observed intensive research to find out alternatives to fossil fuels because world's fossil fuel reserves are limited. Alternative fuels are derived from resources other than petroleum. Alcohol based fuels may have been regarded as one of the alternative fuels because they have several physical and combustion properties similar to gasoline. The use of alcohol fuels or alcohol-blended fuels in gasoline has a great potential to reduce engine emissions. That is why this study is aimed to develop the model of a spark-ignited engine for predicting the effect of various fuel types on engine performances and emissions. The simulation tool AVL Boost was used to analyze the engine characteristics for different blends of ethanol, methanol, butanol and gasoline (by volume). The simulation results obtained from different fuel blends indicated that when alcohol-gasoline fuel blends were used, the brake power decreased and the brake specific fuel consumption increased compared to those of gasoline fuel. When fuel blends percentage increases, the CO and HC concentration decreases.
2019
Article history: Received 30 July 2019 Received in revised form 21 September 2019 Accepted 3 October 2019 Available online 25 October 2019 The need for transportation is increasing every day. Production of automobiles is catering to this need. The fuels used by these automobiles are mainly petrol and diesel. Discharge of pollutants present in these fuels causing air pollution. Renewable fuels with lesser emission and comparably cheaper are required as an alternative to reduce environmental pollution. Ethyl alcohol is having larger oxygen content, low molecular weight, and high H/C ratios and can burn completely with oxygen. The thermal efficiency of the spark-ignition engine can be improved, and the exhaust emissions can be reduced by using Ethyl alcohol. The objective of the study is to study experimentally, the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics were investigated with E25, E30 and E35 ethanol-gasoline (Gasohol) blends on a single-cylinder, four strokes, computer...
RSC Advances, 2014
Alcohols are potential renewable alternatives for gasoline because of their bio-based origin. Although ethanol has been successfully implemented in many parts of the world, other alcohols may also be utilized, such as methanol, propanol, and butanol. These alcohols contain much energy and a high octane number. Furthermore, they displace petroleum. Therefore, this study focuses on methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol as gasoline fuel alternatives. We conducted tests in a four-cylinder gasoline engine under the wide open throttle condition at varying speeds and results. This engine was fueled with 20% methanol–80% gasoline (M20), 20% ethanol–80% gasoline (E20), 20% propanol–80% gasoline (P20), and 20% butanol–80% gasoline (B20). M20, E20, P20, and B20 displayed brake specific fuel consumptions levels and break thermal efficiencies that were higher than those of gasoline at 7.78%, 5.17%, 4.43%, and 1.95% and 3.6%, 2.15%, 0.7%, and 1.86%, respectively. P20 and B20 showed better torque than E20, but they consumed more fuel. Moreover, the alcohol–gasoline blends generated a higher peak in-cylinder pressure than pure gasoline. As gasoline fuel alternatives, propanol and butanol were more effective than gasoline in engines. In addition, the alcohol–gasoline blends also emitted less carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon than gasoline. However, E20 emitted more nitrogen oxide than the other alcohol–gasoline blends. Thus, propanol and butanol are more effective options than ethanol for a gasoline engine in terms of fuel properties, engine performance, and emissions.
Experimental Investigation of Using Gasoline–Ethanol Blends in a Spark-Ignition Engine
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of using unleaded gasoline-ethanol blends on the performance of an unmodified SI engine. A four stroke, four cylinders, water-cooled SI engine (type Toyota, 12 R) with a carburetor fuel system was used for conducting this study. Performance tests were carried out to obtain brake thermal efficiency, brake power, engine torque, brake mean effective pressure and brake specific fuel consumption. In these tests unleaded gasoline-ethanol blends with different percentages of fuel were implemented. Four fuel samples were used in the tests, namely: unleaded gasoline (E-0), 95% gasoline and 5% ethanol (E-5), 90% gasoline and 10% ethanol (E-10) and 15% ethanol and 85% gasoline (E-15). Tests were conducted at one-fourth, one-eighth throttle opening positions and at variable engine speed ranging from 500 to 3000 rpm. The results showed that blending unleaded gasoline with ethanol increases the brake power, torque, and brake thermal effi...
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GASOLINE AND ITS BLENDS WITH ETHANOL IN GASOLINE ENGINE
The rapid depletion of petroleum fuels and ever increasing price of them has led to an intensive search for alternative fuels. Biofuels being renewable and ecofriendly are attracting growing interest around the world. Ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH), an alcohol found to be a promising alternative fuel for gasoline engine. Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel and blends can be used as fuel in order to substitute some part of gasoline. In this research work, procedures of measuring fuels have been used to blend the ethanol produced from sugar cane with gasoline and base fuels used for the experiment. Properties of ethanol-gasoline blended and base fuel were first examined by the standard ASTM test methods D86, D130, ES626:2008 (ANNEXB), ES640:2001 (ANNEXA), D323, D1298 and fuel was blended in different volume rates E0, E5 and E10. Moreover, the experimental comparative performance evaluation are tested and evaluated at 8:1 compression ratios. The performance and exhaust emission were carried out on gasoline engines by using TD43F variable compression engine test rig and Exhaust gas analyzer 5000 and the following test results were summarized. Best performance with maximum reduction is 2.9% P b is obtained for all samples for the compression ratio of 8:1 at speed of 2000 rpm. Blending increases η b for compression ratio of 8:1. Compression ratio of 8:1 is recommended to use E10.