Association Between Hip Rotation and Activation of the Quadriceps and Gluteus Maximus in Male Runners (original) (raw)
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Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2017
Weak hip abductors may be related with increased hip adduction and knee abduction angular movement, which may be risk factors of lower extremity injuries. Since the role of eccentric hip abduction strength (EHAS) on hip adduction angular movement and the knee abduction angular movement (KABD) remains unclear and the purpose of the present study was to explore the association between EHAS and hip-and knee angular movement. In 100 healthy male recreational runners, EHAS was quantified using an isokinetic dynamometer, while hipand knee angular movement were collected using pressure sensitive treadmill and Codamotion active marker system. By using multiple linear regression models (n=186 legs), no relationships between EHAS and hip-and knee kinematics were found. A possible reason for the lack of relationship between EHAS and hip and knee kinematics may be owing to differences in the running kinematics. Some runners with weak EHAS may compensate the weakness by leaning towards the stance limb and thereby reduces the demand on the hip abductors with the consequence of increased knee abduction moment, which may lead to an increased knee abduction angular excursion. Possible, others mechanism as the quadriceps strength and activity in the hip and thigh muscles may also be able to explain the lack of relationship that may or may not exist. Despite the inconclusive results of the present study, the findings may suggest that weak hip abductor muscles may be a relevant factor to focus on in future studies.
Hip muscle activity during 3 side-lying hip-strengthening exercises in distance runners
Journal of athletic training
Lower extremity overuse injuries are associated with gluteus medius (GMed) weakness. Understanding the activation of muscles about the hip during strengthening exercises is important for rehabilitation. To compare the electromyographic activity produced by the gluteus medius (GMed), tensor fascia latae (TFL), anterior hip flexors (AHF), and gluteus maximus (GMax) during 3 hip-strengthening exercises: hip abduction (ABD), hip abduction with external rotation (ABD-ER), and clamshell (CLAM) exercises. Controlled laboratory study. Laboratory. Twenty healthy runners (9 men, 11 women; age = 25.45 ± 5.80 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.07 m, mass = 64.43 ± 7.75 kg) participated. A weight equal to 5% body mass was affixed to the ankle for the ABD and ABD-ER exercises, and an equivalent load was affixed for the CLAM exercise. A pressure biofeedback unit was placed beneath the trunk to provide positional feedback. Surface electromyography (root mean square normalized to maximal voluntary isometric c...
2018
Introduction Running-related injury (RRI) rates are high and reoccurring with most RRIs classified as overuse. Faulty running biomechanics have been linked to RRI risk in adult, recreational runners. The purpose of this study was to determine if hip and pelvis running biomechanics could predict RRI in a group of collegiate runners. Methods. Eight female and four male healthy, NCAA Division II cross country runners participated in this prospective study. Runners underwent 3D motion analysis of their kinematics [peak hip adduction (HADD), hip internal rotation (HIR), contralateral pelvis drop (CPD)] prior to the season’s start. RRI were tracked for an academic year by the teams’ certified athletic trainer via an electronic medical record. Pearson Chisquare analyses were used to determine if RRI could be predicted by HADD, HIR, and CPD, p<.05. Results. Nine runners (75.0%) sustained a total of 27 lower extremity RRI. Runners with excessive HADD were more likely to sustain a RRI (χ(3...
Ita. J. Sports Reh. Po.; 2019 ; 6 ; 2 ; 1240 -1252; , 2019
Background: Quadriceps angle (Q-angle) is an important indicator of biomechanical function in the lower extremity and describes the lateral force applied to the patellofemoral joint by the contraction of the quadriceps muscle. It is a quantitative measurement of patellar position with respect to the lower extremity alignment. Nowadays, not only in sports world but also in general population, patellofemoral pain syndrome, and dislocations of knee joint have become very common problem. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between quadriceps angle (Q-angle) and risk of knee injury among long distance runners. Methods: A total of 100 subjects (50 symptomatic and 50 Asymptomatic) as cases and controls of the age group 25-35 were studied. They were assigned to two groups. Group A consisted of 50 subjects with anterior knee pain either the right or left limb, and group B consisted of 50 subjects with no history of knee pain. The measurement of Q-angle was carried out on both right and left lower limbs with the help of goniometer in a standing position with quadriceps relaxed in both cases and controls and data were statistically analyzed. The differences in Q-angles within and between the groups were analyzed using the independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: According to the findings of the present study, there was a highly significant difference in the value of bilateral Q angle with the right limb exhibiting higher values compared with the left. (p=0.005). The study also showed a statistically highly significant difference when Q-angle were compared between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups with greater Q-angle values observed in the groups (p=0.001). The findings of this study suggest that there is bilateral asymmetry in Q-angle. Conclusion: The study shows that Q-angle is bilaterally asymmetric with right limb having higher value. Findings from this study also show that anterior knee pain increased the values of Q-angle. Long distance runners with large or asymmetric Q-angles may be at greater risk for running injury. Our study suggests that Q-angle measurement be included in preseason screening exams. So, This anatomical expression of Q-angle can be used as a tool for early prediction of anterior knee pain (Mehul Padasala, Jaymin H Bhatt, Rosario D’Onofrio - Relationship between Quadriceps angle and its association with knee injury in long distance runners. Ita. J. Sports Reh. Po.; 2019 ; 6 ; 2 ; 1240 -1252; ISSN 2385-1988 [online] IBSN 007-111-19 - 55 ; CGI J OAJI :0,101).
The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 2015
Study Design Observational prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Objectives To investigate the relationship between eccentric hip abduction strength and the development of patellofemoral pain (PFP) in novice runners, during a self-structured running regime. Background Recent research indicates gluteal muscle weakness in individuals with PFP. However, current prospective research is limited to evaluation of isometric strength, producing inconsistent findings. Considering hip muscles including gluteus maximus and medius activate eccentrically to control hip and pelvic motion during weight-bearing activities such as running, evaluating the potential link between eccentric strength and PFP risk is needed. Methods 832 novice runners were included at baseline and 629 participants were included in the final analysis. Maximal eccentric hip abduction strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer prior to initiating a self-structured running program. The diagnostic criteria to ...
Physical Therapy in Sport, 2020
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Sex differences in gluteal muscle forces during running
Sports Biomechanics, 2018
Sex differences in common sports injuries to the lower extremity have been reported. Biomechanical factors of the hip have been investigated between sexes with regard to running-related injury. This study investigates gluteal muscle forces between sexes to aid in our understanding of sex-related biomechanical factors in running. Twenty-one healthy male and female runners were participants. Each ran at a controlled speed of 3.52-3.89 m/s down a 20-m runway. Kinetic and kinematic data were utilised to estimate muscle forces. Multivariate analysis of variance tests were utilised to detect differences in gluteal and hamstring muscle forces, hip and pelvic kinematics, and hip kinetic variables between sexes. Males produced greater peak gluteus maximus force, but lesser peak gluteus medius, minimus, and hamstring force than females during running. Males also demonstrated less hip adduction and greater hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt than females. Finally, males produced lesser peak hip abduction and external rotation moments than females. Males and females demonstrate differences in gluteal muscle forces and hip kinetics and kinematics during running. Further understanding of underlying muscle forces may offer further insight into biomechanical differences in running between males and females.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2019
R unning requires rapid hip movements. Increasing running speeds place increased loads on hip flexor and extensor muscles (Schache et al., 2011). It is unclear whether Division III track and field athletes with self-reported hip tightness would present altered sagittal plane hip mechanics while running and functional limitations when performing the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) deep squat. Objective: To investigate the relationship between hip tightness, as measured by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) deep squat (DS), and running mechanics, as measured by the peak flexion and extension angles in Division III Track & Field athletes. Methods: Ten subjects completed the FMS DS and were filmed from both sides while running on a treadmill at 3 different speeds. Reflective markers were placed on the greater trochanter and lateral epicondyle of the femur. Absolute peak flexion and extension angles were obtained using Dartfish software. Results: DS was not a significant predictor of running mechanics. There were moderate positive correlations between peak hip flexion angles and DS. DS scores of 1 were associated with increased hip flexion ROM and decreased extension, especially on the left side. Runners who reported hip tightness had higher average DS scores. Conclusion: Selfreported hip tightness group showed earlier toe-off and increased flexion ROM during swing phase. Differences between groups are greater in hip extension. Findings also suggest asymmetries in the non-affected side for the tightness group. Future studies could investigate these changes in running mechanics in different planes of motion and injury prevalence in runners with self-reported hip tightness.
PeerJ, 2018
Background The percentage of sustained maximal oxygen uptake and the running economy are important factors that determine the running success of endurance athletes. Running economy is defined as the oxygen uptake required to run at a given speed and depends on metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical, neuromuscular, and anthropometric factors. With regard to anthropometric characteristics, total body mass seems to be a crucial factor for the running economy. Moreover, neuromuscular components, especially knee muscular strength and the strength balance ratio, also seem to be critical for the running economy. In addition to knee muscle strength, hip muscle strength is also an important contributor to running performance on level or hilly ground. However, the relationship between running economy and the hip muscles is unknown. Thus the aim of the present study was to verify whether hip flexor and extensor isokinetic peak torque, the isokinetic strength balance ratio, total body mass...
Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2013
Excessive" pronation is often implicated as a risk factor for anterior knee pain (AKP). The amount deemed excessive is typically calculated using the means and standard deviations reported in the literature. However, when using this method, few studies find an association between pronation and AKP. An alternative method of defining excessive pronation is to use the joints' available range of motion (ROM). The purposes of this study were to (1) evaluate pronation in the context of the joints' ROM and (2) compare this method to traditional pronation variables in healthy and injured runners. Thirty-six runners (19 healthy, 17 AKP) had their passive pronation ROM measured using a custom-built device and a motion capture system. Dynamic pronation angles during running were captured and compared with the available ROM. In addition, traditional pronation variables were evaluated. No significant differences in traditional pronation variables were noted between healthy and injured runners. In contrast, injured runners used significantly more of their available ROM, maintaining a 4.21° eversion buffer, whereas healthy runners maintained a 7.25° buffer (P = .03, ES = 0.77). Defining excessive pronation in the context of the joints' available ROM may be a better method of defining excessive pronation and distinguishing those at risk for injury.