Statistical Analysis of Domestic Water Demand and Supply for Kaduna North, Kaduna State (original) (raw)
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research
Water is life when it’s safe. Water demand means the quantity produced by treatment plants in order to meet all water needs in the community. While water supply is the process of accumulation, transmission, treatment, and distribution. In this study, first-hand information was derived through the process of distributing questionnaires and verbal interviews. The secondary data was obtained from related books, journals, published and unpublished texts, documents magazines, conference articles, government ministries, and agencies. The ministry concerned is of Water Resources. The generated data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Interactive linear regression of the data was also employed on R software. The correlation coefficient, R2 of water demand and supply in the area is 1 (i.e.100%). This means there is a strong positive linear correlation between water demand and water supply in Kaduna North. The p-value was obtained as 2.2 x 10-16 which shows that the reg...
Sign up for access to the world's latest research.
checkGet notified about relevant papers
checkSave papers to use in your research
checkJoin the discussion with peers
checkTrack your impact
Related papers
Nature of Potable Water Supply and Demand in Jema'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria
This research work examines the nature of potable water supply and demand in Jema'a Local Government Area of Kaduna State. A total of 220 questionnaires were administered to households in five wards within the study area, although only 200 of these questionnaires were used for the purpose of analysis. Findings revealed that at some times and locations, the value of water can be very high due to scarcity, but at other times and locations it can be very low or even free due to relatively plentiful supplies. A 20-liter can of water is sold at an average rate of N20 in most parts of the study area by commercial water vendors. Findings also revealed that rapid population growth, increase standard of living and purchasing power, changes in social tastes and policy decisions are all important controls on water demands in the study area. These have not been accompanied by an increase in water supply, and hence water scarcities are critical especially in the months of February-April. As a result of that, the uses of alternative sources of water are indispensable. Result further revealed that an individual needs an average quantity of 37.45 liters of water per day. The low service level of water accounts for prevalence of water-borne diseases which could get to epidemic scale if not attended to promptly.
Niger State water facilities scarcely perform effectively. Average of seven persons per household was used at 50 liters per head as bases for assessing the variation that exist between household water demand. Coefficient of Variance (CV) and T-test distribution were used in establishing water deficit for medium-sized towns. Value of water sources distribution is of negative relationship cal-t=11.97 is relatively higher than tab-t = 2.06. Medium-sized towns are grossly in deficit of enough domestic water supply due to distance of most households from sources of water, inability of obtaining enough container for preserving water and lack of maintainers culture. There is the need to create public awareness in respect of obtaining sufficient water for domestic utility. Households should avoid the danger of consuming substandard water by constructing water storage and treatment plants in every medium-sized town, Workable policy of maximum threshold of twenty-five households per borehole or ten households to a well.
Assessing and Modeling the Determinants of Household Water Consumption in Lokoja Town, Kogi State
2019
Water is a scarce resource especially in Nigeria where water shortage is experienced in most of the cities. Determinants of domestic water consumption and their significance vary from place to place. This study analyzed sources and consumption of domestic water supply and investigating the determining factors of domestic water consumption in Lokoja. Data was collecting using the systematic random sampling method. 236 households were sampled and analysed using SPSS software. The results showed that 61.4% of the households got pipe borne water supply, 9% used well water, 9.3% used water from the River Niger and 20.3% got water supply through mechanized boreholes. Household water consumption vary from 121.50 litres/H/d to 2546.50 litres/h/d. The regression analysis has the model Y= 634.786 + 56.492 SE + 22.075AG + 7.428MA + 50.938EDU + 3.973OC+ 102.750MS + 135.585HS. The result of the multiple linear regression analysis indicated that such factors like size of household, level of educa...
International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2013
The sustainability of water is critical to local, regional, national and global security. It is impossible to think of a resource more essential in the health of human communities or their economy than water. Water runs like a river through our lives, touching everything from our vigor and the fitness of natural ecosystem around us to farmer's fields and the production of goods we consume . Goals can be established to begin the in-depth integrated assessment of water shed resources that lead to sustainability. These goals should be formulated to address a number of fundamentals principles that underlay the conservation, protection, remediation, and longevity of water resources such goals might include; (a) Provide safe, adequate water supplies at time and of the quality needed for domestic municipal, industrial, agricultural and hydropower uses. (b) Allocate effectively and fairly fresh water among diverse uses and users. During the process of these research work a questionnaire was provided to the consumers to gather information on water demand, nature of supply, use of metering system or non metering system ,illegal connection and other related information concerning the water supply in Kaduna. Similarly data for Kaduna metropolis population was collected from National population commission. The population of the study area was forecasted using the information collected from population commission. The water bill for different categories of consumers was collected from water board. All the information was gathered and a model equation was used to forecast the water consumption of Unguwan kanawa. In the result of analyses the water demand equation obtained by the regression analyses is: Qas(Y) = 0.00061 + 520 Pop(X) where Qas(Y) = Actual supply and Pop(X)=population.
Household water demand in the Peri-Urban Communities of Awka, Capital of Anambra State, Nigeria
The aim of this paper is to determine relevant factors contributing to the water demand in the peri-urban communities of Awka capital city. Towards achieving this aim, questionnaire were developed and served on the households in various communities to collect relevant data on the 13 physical and socioeconomic factors we earlier identified as influencing water demand in the area. Water quality was ascertained through microbiological analysis of water samples. The major analytical techniques used were multiple correlations, the result of which was subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Principal Component Regression. Result shows that the 13 variables combined to contribute 90.0% of water demand in the area. Furthermore, the low standard error of estimates of 0.029 litres shows that water demand in the communities could be predicted using the 13 variables. Policy and planning measures to improve the water supply situation of the area were suggested.
Assessment of Water Supply and Management in an Urban Area of Southern Nigeria
Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 2019
This study assessed water supply and management in an urban area in Southern Nigeria with the aim of identifying the sources of water distributed in the urban area. It evaluated the determinants of water consumption in the study area. To achieve these objectives, a wide range of methods such as semi-structured interviews and structured questionnaires were employed. Through the use of the structured questionnaires, data were obtained through the random sampling of 360 households along three major zones selected for the study in Uyo Urban. The hypothesis for the study was tested using Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results indicated that there exist a significant relationship between income and the quantity of water consumed per litre per household per day. This is rooted in the fact that improved water supply will reduce the financial resources currently expended in water and water related problems. The study recommended that efforts should be made by policy makers, water ag...
2019
In recent years, Ussa has faced various challenges in water supply which has been a major concern to law makers and the government of Taraba state. This study therefore is aimed at examining the various problems and prospect of water supply in Ussa Local Government. The specific objectives were to identify the existing sources of water supply in Ussa Local Government of Taraba state, to examine the problems and prospect associated with each source in the study area, and to proffer alternative measure to appropriate quarters. Data were collected from 150 respondent of the study area. The data were analyzed using frequency tables and simple percentage statistics. The results revealed that 87.1% of the respondents agreed that there is water shortage in the area which as a result has led to increase charges by the suppliers, 51.3% said the water was good. More than 60% of the respondent claimed that the population of the study area usually consumes the water directly without any method ...
ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF WATER SUPPLY IN UNGWAN ROMI, KADUNA METROPOLIS
1st Annual International Conference, Kogi State, Nigeria, 2020
The study conducted an assessment of the status of water supply in Ungwan Romi, Kaduna metropolis. A total of 375 copies of questionnaires was distributed and 354 representing 94.4% were returned for analysis. The study employed multi-stage sampling techniques in the distribution of the copies of Questionnaire. The results of the study show that the majority of the respondents 25.1% agree that boreholes is the major source of water supply, 59.3% respondents agree that water supply in Ungwan Romi is not adequate and 34.8% of the respondent source of water location is off neighbourhood. While, 41.8% are effected with Typhoid fever. Chi-Square (X2) was used to test the hypothesis H0 which state that the reasons for inadequate water supply does not differ significantly across the study area. The result accepts Hi which states that, the reasons for inadequate water supply differs significantly across the study area since 0.016 the asymptotic significance is less than the significance confidence level which is 0.05. The study recommends that individuals, the community and government should be involved in the supply and provision of adequate water. Keywords: Water status. Population growth. Water supply. Neighbourhood. Perception
ABSTRACT Water, although recognized as an essential requirement of all living beings and breathing things, is a major challenge faced by many developing countries for which Nigeria is not an exception. In Calabar it is obvious that there is no equity in the distribution of water across the metropolis. This is seen in the percentage difference of connected and unconnected households. In Calabar Metropolis ten residential areas were randomly selected for the study as representative of the entire Calabar Urban. About 400 copies of questionnaire were administered to different heads of the households and staff of the public water supply agency. Out of this number, 392 copies were retrieved from respondents. Data were analysed and presented in tables. The result showed that, the unconnected households spend monthly average of between ₦1850 and use 564 litres of water as against ₦900 and 741 litres consumed by connected residents. The unconnected households also cover distances between 250 and 500 metres far above threshold level of 100 metres to obtain the commodity for their usage. The uneven distribution of water supply mains, and low level of income of residents in some parts of the metropolis, restricts the supply of water in desired quantities to most urban dwellers. This is responsible for the low per capita consumption of water recorded. The study recommends among others; increase in the provision of water pipeline across the city and the provision of additional standpipes at strategic locations to make the service rendered by municipal Water Board more sustainable
2010
A water supply is an essential requirement for all people. However, a certain minimum quantity of water per person per day is required to meet the domestic and hygiene needs of the people. This paper examined some factors that impact on the quantity of water available to households in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Such analysis is critical to any attempt by government to improve domestic water supply in the city. Empirical estimates show that factors that significantly affect the quantity of water used by households include: distance from main source to house, average time spent to fetch from main source, average number of trips per person per day to main source, adequacy of supply from main source, performance of supply from designated water institution, main source of domestic water used by household, education level, profession/occupation and annual income. Some policy implications of findings are discussed.
Loading Preview
Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.