A Review on Magnetic Nanobiochar with Their Use in Environmental Remediation and High-Value Applications (original) (raw)
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Formation and Properties of Magnetic Biochar
Magnetic biochar made from agricultural biomass waste such as SRC willow, which is a densely planted, high-yielding energy crop and one of the leading sources of renewable energy production, combined with iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride, is a multi-functional material for land remediation and agricultural applications. Two magnetic biochar's (1.0 M iron solution magnetic biochar and 0.1 M iron solution magnetic biochar) were prepared by the chemical mixture and co-precipitation of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate and iron (III) chloride on SRC willow with a particle size of less than 2 mm (about 0.08 in). The mixture of SRC willow with iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate and iron (III) chloride was then dried in the oven and pyrolyzed at 400 degrees Celsius. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction research on the 1.0 M iron solution magnetic biochar and the 0.1 M iron solution magnetic biochar reveal a greater concentrat...
Facile magnetic biochar production route with new goethite nanoparticle precursor
Science of The Total Environment, 2020
Magnetic biochar developed from two magnetic precursors (conventional FeCl 3 and new α-FeOOH). • Green magnetic biochar developed from firwood and magnetic goethite precursor. • Goethite admixed or impregnated with firwood before pyrolysis at 500°C. • Nano-structured surfaces with high saturation magnetization (20.8 emu/g). • Production process: cleaner/greener than conventional FeCl 3-based method.
A novel magnetic biochar efficiently sorbs organic pollutants and phosphate
Bioresource technology, 2011
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
A Humins-Derived Magnetic Biochar for Water Purification by Adsorption and Magnetic Separation
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2021
In this study, the use of magnetic biochar particles recovered from biorefinery by-products (humins) for adsorption of hydrophilic organic pollutants was investigated. The biochar was prepared by thermal treatment of crude humins followed by a grinding step after which a magnetic iron oxide was co-precipitated on the biochar surface. The resulting iron oxide content of the biochar composite was found to be 9 % by volume, and the presence of a characteristic Fe-O vibrational band was observed by FTIR-ATR. XPS analysis of Fe2p spectrum enabled the nature of iron oxide to be identified as maghemite. Finally, magnetometry measurements demonstrated the superparamagnetic properties of maghemite. The adsorption of methylene blue on the biochar composite was found to be fast (less than 1 hour at pH 6 with an initial concentration of methylene blue of 2•10-5 mol.L-1). Kinetics data were satisfactorily modelled by both first and second order models. Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to adsorption isotherms data. Maximum adsorption capacity (3.35•10-5 mol.g-1), and Langmuir and Freundlich constants (2.33•10 4 L.mol-1 and 5.70•10-5 mol 0.913 .L 0.087 .g-1 respectively) were found to be comparable to the average of those found in the literature. Electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged methylene blue and magnetic biochar was presumed to be the dominant interaction governing adsorption at environmental pH values. Lastly, a laboratory-scale experimental device with magnetic filtration under flow allowed the complete separation of the magnetic biochar composite from the liquid phase. This study shows that this magnetic biochar composite is a promising and economically interesting recovery route for biorefinery by-products and could be used for adsorption purposes.
One-step microwave synthesis of magnetic biochars with sorption properties
Carbon letters, 2018
Copyright © Korean Carbon Society http://carbonlett.org Abstract Adsorption is one of the best methods for wastewater purification. The fact that water quality is continuously decreasing requires the development of novel, effective and cost available adsorbents. Herein, a simple procedure for the preparation of a magnetic adsorbent from agricultural waste biomass and ferrofluid has been introduced. Specifically, ferrofluid mixed with wheat straw was directly pyrolyzed either by microwave irradiation (900 W, 30 min) or by conventional heating (550°C, 90 min). Magnetic biochars were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, textural analysis and tested as adsorbents of As(V) oxyanion and cationic methylene blue, respectively. Results showed that microwave pyrolysis produced char with high adsorption capacity of As(V) (Qm= 25.6 mg g–1 at pH 4), whereas conventional pyrolysis was not so effective. In comparison to conventional pyrolysis, one-step microwave pyrol...
Magnetically modified biochar for organic xenobiotics removal
Water Science and Technology, 2016
Large amounts of biochar are produced worldwide for potential agricultural applications. However, this material can also be used as an efficient biosorbent for xenobiotics removal. In this work, biochar was magnetically modified using microwave-synthesized magnetic iron oxide particles. This new type of a magnetically responsive biocomposite material can be easily separated by means of strong permanent magnets. Magnetic biochar has been used as an inexpensive magnetic adsorbent for the removal of water-soluble dyes. Five dyes (malachite green, methyl green, Bismarck brown Y, acridine orange and Nile blue A) were used to study the adsorption process. The dyes adsorption could be usually described with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities reached the value 137 mg of dye per g of dried magnetically modified biochar for Bismarck brown Y. The adsorption processes followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the thermodynamic studies indicated spontaneous and end...
Production of magnetic biochar from waste-derived fungal biomass for phosphorus removal and recovery
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019
This study presents a new bottom-up biofabrication method to produce highly porous magnetic biochar from waste-derived fungal biomass. Neurospora crassa was grown in iron containing coagulation backwash (BW) diluted with primary effluent (PE) wastewater in two ratios of 1:4 (PE-BW 1:4) and 3:4 (PE-BW 3:4). The fungi encapsulated iron directly into biomass hyphae and carbonization resulted in one-step biochar preparation and maghemite (Fe 2 O 3) formation. The morphology and structure of the materials were investigated using a suite of characterization tools. Results indicated that the physiochemical properties of each char were dependent on the blend used for fungal cultivation. PE-BW 1:4 had much larger average pore diameters (13.
Chemosphere, 2018
Enhancing biochar adsorption capabilities and recollection ability is essential for efficient biochar application. In this study, Nitrogen-doped magnetic biochar was prepared via one-step heating of FeCl 3-laden agar biomass under NH 3 environment. Synthesized magnetic biochar ABF-N 800 shows a maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacity up to 142.86 mg g-1 , outperforming that of magnetic biochar and many other previously reported materials. Moreover, a significant increase of magnetic properties obtained by NH 3 ambiance pyrolysis enables easy separation of the adsorbent from the solution after treated with Cr (VI). The physiochemical properties of composites characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, VSM, BET surface and pore, Elemental content, and FTIR analysis. The NH 3 ambiance pyrolysis confirmed as an efficient process for surface modification, increased magnetic properties and activated N-functional groups. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model are applicable for describing adsorption behavior. The thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. The present results warrant the application of simultaneous functionalized and magnetized biochar for Cr (VI) contaminated wastewater treatment.
Biochars and their magnetic derivatives as enzyme-like catalysts mimicking peroxidases
Biochar, 2020
Various materials have been extensively investigated to mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes. We describe the discovery of a new catalytic property in the group of biochar-based carbonaceous materials, which are usually produced during biowaste thermal processing under specific conditions. The tested biochars exhibited peroxidase-like catalytic activity. Biomaterial feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, size of resulting biochar particles or biochar modification (e.g., magnetic particles deposition) influenced the peroxidase-like activity. Catalytic activity was measured with the chromogenic organic substrates N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) or 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Magnetic biochar composite was studied as a complementary material, in which the presence of iron oxide particles enhances catalytic activity and enables smart magnetic separation of catalyst even from complex mixtures. The activity of the selected biochar had an optimum at pH 4 and temperature 32 °C; biochar catalyst can be reused ten times without the loss of activity. Using DPD as a substrate, K m values for native wood chip biochar and its magnetic derivative were 220 ± 5 μmol L −1 and 690 ± 80 μmol L −1 , respectively, while V max values were 10.1 ± 0.3 μmol L −1 min −1 and 16.1 ± 0.4 μmol L −1 min −1 , respectively. Biochar catalytic activity enabled the decolorization of crystal violet both in the model solution and the fish pond water containing suspended solids and dissolved organic matter. The observed biochar enzyme mimetic activity can thus find interesting applications in environmental technology for the degradation of selected xenobiotics. In general, this property predestines the low-cost biochar to be a perspective supplement or even substitution of common peroxidases in practical applications. Keywords Peroxidase-like activity • Biochar • Magnetic iron oxides • Microwave synthesis Abbreviations A 551 Absorbance values at wavelength 551 nm AA Ascorbic acid BCH Biochar (M)BC1-3, LIM1-3, OL1-8, MC, IND various types of biochars (detailed info. in Table 1) C Catalyst (BCH or IOP) COD Chemical oxygen demand CNTs Carbon nanotubes (SW-single walled) CS Chromogenic substrate (DPD or TMB) CV Crystal violet CVM Cyclic voltammetry measurement Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
Overview on Synthesis of Magnetic Bio Char from Discarded Agricultural Biomass
Agricultural waste biomass is present in a large quantity in most of the countries have considered to be a suitable material for many applications because of their abundance, degradability and low cost. Agricultural wastes have been successfully converted into bio char by means of pyrolysis or other thermochemical conversion techniques. Th e bio char obtained from agricultural wastes are highly porous and thus are very useful in the adsorption applications. Moving one step ahead these bio char materials have been doped with magnetic medium to convert them in magnetic bio char as mmagnetic separation technology is an effi cient technology for the separation of magnetic materials which is used for many applications in environmental technology, analytical chemistry and mining, medicine, diagnostics and cell biology. Th ese magnetic bio char materials, with the combination of high porosity along with optimized magnetic properties have been successfully utilized in the adsorption of heavy metals, various organic and inorganic chemicals including phenol, tetracycline etc. Th e major advantage of magnetic bio char is that the magnetic bio char even with low BET surface area and low total pore volume can exhibit high adsorption capacity because more metal ions per unit surface area of magnetic bio char can be adsorbed easily. Moreover, the sorption of magnetic bio char from the aqueous solution is very simple and eff ective and thus neutralizes the issue of secondary pollution. It can be re-used aft er the regeneration, thus making the whole adsorption process economically viable and more environment friendly. Bio-polymer based magnetic bio char has tremendous applications in biomechanical engineering and medical science since it can serve the purpose of drug carrier very effi ciently in magnetic drug delivery systems which is utilized in the treatment of cancer and other diseases. Magnetic bio char with so many potential applications has been synthesized by a number of researchers using diff erent techniques, and diff erent combination of agricultural waste/activated carbon and 436 Handbook of Composites from Renewable Materials chemicals. In this chapter we have discussed the various synthesizing techniques which have been adopted by the researchers to prepare magnetic bio char. Th e BET surface area and magnetic characteristics along with their potential applications and future scope of the magnetic bio char have also been given a notice in the present chapter.