Recent trends in the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: analysis of a nationwide inpatient database (original) (raw)
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Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Purpose-The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods-A formal literature search of PubMed was performed through the end of August 2013. The writing committee met by teleconference to discuss narrative text and recommendations. Recommendations follow the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association methods of classifying the level of certainty of the treatment effect and the class of evidence. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by 6 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee. Results-Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Topics focused on diagnosis, management of coagulopathy and blood pressure, prevention and control of secondary brain injury and intracranial pressure, the role of surgery, outcome prediction, rehabilitation, secondary prevention, and future considerations. Results of new phase 3 trials were incorporated. Conclusions-Intracerebral hemorrhage remains a serious condition for which early aggressive care is warranted.
Nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Baseline characteristics and early outcomes
Brain and Behavior, 2019
Background and PurposeHemorrhagic stroke, particularly nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), is a cerebrovascular condition with unfavorable outcomes. The aims of the present study were to evaluate patients who suffered from SICH and investigate the early outcomes in a single‐center study.MethodsDuring a study ‐period of 6 years (2008–2014), 613 consecutive patients (mean age, 72 ± 12.7 years; 51.1% female), who suffered from nontraumatic SICH and were treated at the Department of Neurology at the University Hospital of Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany, were included and prospectively analyzed.ResultsDuring a mean hospitalization time of 12 days, 148 patients (24.1%) died, 47% of those within the first 2 days and 79% within the first week. The patients who died stayed at the hospital for a shorter time (3) than those who survived (p < .001). In the multivariate logistic regression, following parameters were found to be associated with the in‐hospital mortality: female sex (OR, 2.0; 95%‐CI, 1.2–3.4; p = .009), a NIHSS score> 10 (OR, 10.5; 95%‐CI, 5.6–19.5; p < .001), history of hypertension (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.19–0.64; p = .001), previous oral anticoagulation (OR, 2; 95%‐CI, 1.0–3.8; p = .032), and intraventricular extension of hemorrhage (OR, 2.8; 95%‐CI, 1.7–4.7; p = .001). At discharge, 192 patients (41.2%) showed favorable outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) whereas the median mRS of patients who survived was 3 (IQR 2–4). The good functional outcome at discharge from the acute hospital was decreased by an age> 70 years (OR, 0.56; 95%‐CI, 0.35–0.9; p = .017), NIHSS score> 10 at admission (OR, 0.07; 95%‐CI, 0.04–0.13; p < .001), and development of pneumonia during hospitalization (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.2–0.6; p < .001).ConclusionThe present study showed that SICH is a serious disease causing high mortality and disability, particularly in the early period after event.This article gives an overview of the baseline characteristics, therapeutic procedures, and early outcomes in patients suffering from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
International Variations in Surgical Practice for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Stroke, 2003
Background and Purpose-Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is a major cause of death and disability, yet there is no convincing evidence of the benefit of any medical treatment and the role of surgery remains controversial. The international randomized Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Hemorrhage (STICH) provided an opportunity to assess the role of surgery within the centers taking part. Methods-Screening logs were completed to record details of all patients assessed by the department, whether they were included in the trial, the reasons if they were not included, and whether they underwent surgery. Results-Logs were returned by 42 centers and cover 704 months. They include details on 1578 patients with characteristics comparable to STICH inclusion criteria. Neurosurgeons were more likely to express clinical certainty about treatment for older patients, patients with a higher Glasgow Coma Score scale, and patients in whom the hematoma was located on the right or in the basal ganglia or thalamus. Patients for whom the neurosurgeon was certain about treatment were more likely to have the hematoma removed if they were younger (62 versus 68 years of age), had a lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (10 versus 13), and had a lobar hematoma (49% versus 40%). The operation rate varied between 74% in Lithuania and 2% in Hungary.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Management
Journal of stroke, 2017
Spontaneous non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a significant cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. To improve the devastating course of ICH, various clinical trials for medical and surgical interventions have been conducted in the last 10 years. Recent large-scale clinical trials have reported that early intensive blood pressure reduction can be a safe and feasible strategy for ICH, and have suggested a safe target range for systolic blood pressure. While new medical therapies associated with warfarin and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have been developed to treat ICH, recent trials have not been able to demonstrate the overall beneficial effects of surgical intervention on mortality and functional outcomes. However, some patients with ICH may benefit from surgical management in specific clinical contexts and/or at specific times. Furthermore, clinical trials for minimally invasive surgical evacuation methods are ongoing and may provi...
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2017
Introduction: Clinico-epidemiological spectrum plays key role in provisional diagnosis and prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH). The objectives of this study were to evaluateclinico-epidemiological profile and to identify and analyze clinical determinants of In-hospital mortality. Material and Methods: All patients (n=211), aged more than 12 years, diagnosed with ICH (based on CT scan/MRI) were studied for demographic profile, clinical profile, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission and outcome. Results: ICH was more common in >60 yr age group (52.13%). Mean Age (±SD) is 62.04 (±15.16). M: F ratio is 1.15:1. Its incidence increased during the winter season (53.55%) from the months of November to February and early morning hours (61.14%). Weakness (69.67%) and Loss of consciousness (LOC) /altered sensorium (59.72%) were the two most common presenting complaints on admission. In-Hospital mortality was 87(41.23%) with maximum mortality occurring within 72 hours. Conclusion: In-hospital clinical mortality determinants of ICH on admission were: Loss of consciousness (LOC)/altered sensorium, headache, vomiting, addiction, tobacco, smoking, hyperglycemia, MAP >120, and GCS ≤ 8.
Purpose—The aim of this guideline is to present current and comprehensive recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods—A formal literature search of PubMed was performed through the end of August 2013. The writing committee met by teleconference to discuss narrative text and recommendations. Recommendations follow the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association methods of classifying the level of certainty of the treatment effect and the class of evidence. Prerelease review of the draft guideline was performed by 6 expert peer reviewers and by the members of the Stroke Council Scientific Oversight Committee and Stroke Council Leadership Committee. Results—Evidence-based guidelines are presented for the care of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Topics focused on diagnosis, management of coagulopathy and blood pressure, prevention and control of secondary brain injury and intracranial pressure, the role of surgery, outcome prediction, rehabilitation, secondary prevention, and future considerations. Results of new phase 3 trials were incorporated. Conclusions—Intracerebral hemorrhage remains a serious condition for which early aggressive care is warranted. These guidelines provide a framework for goal-directed treatment of the patient with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Surgical Management and Case-Fatality Rates of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in 1988 and 2005
Neurosurgery, 2008
compare surgical management and case-fatality rates of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in 1988 and 2005. Methods-We identified all adult residents (age ≥18) from the five-county Greater Cincinnati region hospitalized with ICH in 1988 and 2005. Demographics, severity of illness, ICH volume, ICH location, rates and timing of surgery, and 30-day case-fatality were compared between the 1988 and 2005 groups. Results-In 1988, 171 ICH patients met study criteria (67 lobar, 80 deep cerebral, 10 brainstem, 14 cerebellar), and in 2005, 259 ICH patients met criteria in (91 lobar, 123 deep cerebral, 19 brainstem, and 26 cerebellar). In 1988, 16% of the patients had surgical removal of their ICH versus 7% in 2005 (p=0.003). In both 1988 and 2005, patients treated with surgery were younger (p<0.001) and had a higher percentage of cerebellar hemorrhages than non-surgical patients. Timing of surgery was similar in 1988 and 2005. In 1988, 30-day case fatality was 32% in surgical patients versus 50% in non-surgical patients (p=0.06). In 2005, 30-day case-fatality was 16% (surgical) versus 45% (nonsurgical) (p=0.02). Conclusion-The frequency of surgery for ICH was lower in 2005 than in 1988, which may reflect recent clinical trial data showing no benefit for surgery over medical management. ICH case-fatality was essentially the same in 1988 and 2005. Innovative clinical trials to improve ICH outcomes are warranted.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) comprises 10-15% of all strokes and has a higher risk of morbidity and mortality (40-45%). A simple and widely valid clinical grading scale, the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score (ICH score) was developed to predict to outcome of spontaneous ICH. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between the ICH score and the surgical outcome of ICH by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at the 30 th post ictus day in our perspective. This prospective study was done during the period of . Forty three cases were enrolled by set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score was calculated during admission and the surgical outcome of ICH was determined by GOS by face to face or telephone interview using structured questionnaire on their 30 th post ictus day. Correlation between the ICH score and the surgical outcome of ICH was done by Pearson's correlation coefficient test. Value of r was found to be -0.635 which was statistically highly significant (p=.001) and the relation was found to be negative. Higher ICH score had unfavorable outcome. As correlation between the ICH score and the surgical outcome of ICH was found statistically highly significant, it can be used widely as a grading scale in preoperative counseling. The use of ICH score could improve standardization of clinical treatment protocols and clinical research studies in ICH.
Intracerebral hemorrhage: getting ready for effective treatments
Current Opinion in Neurology, 2010
Purpose of review Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating type of stroke and a leading cause of disability and mortality in the United States and the rest of the world. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Recent findings Although no interventions have consistently shown an improvement of mortality or functional outcomes after ICH, results from multicenter prospective randomized controlled trials have shown that early hemostasis to prevent hematoma growth, removal of clot by surgical or minimally invasive interventions, clearance of intraventricular hemorrhage, and adequate blood pressure control for the optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure may constitute the most important therapeutic goals to ameliorate secondary neurological damage, decrease mortality, and improve functional outcomes after ICH.