Response of the yield and mineral composition of garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herbage to various NPK proportions (original) (raw)
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Agroecological journal, 2021
The impact of nutrition area on Thymus vulgaris L. accumulation of essential oils in dry raw materials (Thymiherba) was studied and described in the article. Four schemes of cultivation were chosen to be studied: 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha, 45×30 cm — 74 thousand plants/ha, 45×20 cm — 111 thousand plants/ ha, 45×10 cm — 222 thousand plants/ha. It was shown that the increase of nutrition area helped to increase the content of essential oils in dry raw materials. Dry thyme grass with the highest content of essential oil 21.3 ml/kg was obtained when variants with the largest plant nutrition area were applied (the schemes of cultivation 45×40 cm — 56 thousand plants/ha). Reduction of the nutrition area decreased the essential oil content. According to the scheme of cultivation 45×30 cm (74 thousand plants/ha) content decreased to 20.8 ml/kg, and for the minimal nutrition area 45×10 cm (222 thousand plants/ha) the content of essential oil was 18.5 ml/kg. It was confirmed that main ...
2014
To study the effect of bio-fertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil constitutes of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) an experiment was conducted during two successive seasons of . A randomized complete blocks design with three replications was used. The treatments consisted of commercial bio-fertilizers including N-fixer bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, mixed of these two bio-fertilizers and control (without fertilizer). Results of two years study showed that bio-fertilizers had no significant effect on growth, yield, essential oil percentage and chemical components of essential oil in both plants. The effect of plant age on all studied parameters was significant. The highest plant height, plant diameter, herb dry weight and essential oil yield were observed in two year old plants of both thyme and sage. The amounts of α-Thujone in sage and Thymol in thyme were considerably higher in two year old plants but the amount of Camphor in sage was not affected by age of plants. Results showed that three cuts in the second year of study can be achieved in both plants. The highest plant height, plant diameter and herb dry weight were achieved in spring cut but the highest essential oil content was obtained in summer cuts in both plants. Chemical constitutes of essential oils were not affected by cutting time in both plants.
Fertilizer Source in Biomass Production and Quality of Essential Oils of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)
European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2014
Aims: The goal of this study was performed in order to test the effect of the source of crop fertilization and harvest days in the production of biomass and measure the qualitative and quantitative properties of the principal components of the essential oil of thyme. Study Design: A randomized complete block experimental design with five replications and a factorial arrangement was used. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was at the Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo (Texcoco, Mexico), during the 2007 spring-summer season. Methodology: We included three harvests at 60, 90 and 120 days after transplantation. The organic fertilization was with applications of humic acid in the irrigation and by adding a liquid fertilizer combined with biosynthetic amino acids. Steiner solution at 75% concentration was used for the inorganic fertilization as mineral treatment. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry biomass of the plant, and main stem diameter. Essential oils Original Research Article
Journal of Environmental Science, 2019
To investigate the effect of different types of nitrogen fertilization the growth and productivity of thyme within reducing the harm effects of the excess of nitrogen fertilizers as an environmental and healthy problems, two successive experiments were carried out in pots during 2016, 2017 season's at the experimental green house Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University Cairo , Egypt. Three types of nitrogen fertilizers amonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate and Urea, with three concentrations (40%, 60%, 80%) were used. Data showed an increase in number of lateral branches, plant height and amino acids with 40 units of ammonium nitrate, while the best effect to reduce NO 3 , NO 2 as a lowest value was 40 units of ammonium sulphate. The highest value of herb fresh weight was recorded by 40 units of urea, (42:48 g / plant) while herb dry weight (18:54 g/ plant) by 40 units of ammonium sulphate, volatile oil (0.92 % v/ w) with 60 units of ammonium nitrate , amino acid (3.71 g / 100 g fw) with 80 units of urea.
Thymus from Lamiaceae with 18 species of aromatic perennial, of which four species are endemic to Iran. This study was conducted during 2008-2011 to Phyto-chemical inspection of essences of different Thymus vulgaris Accession. At 50% full bloom Samples were collected from 5 cultivated Accession of YAANRR collection, dried and ground. Extractions were done base on the water distillation. Essential oils were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. The highest and the lowest yields of essential oil were obtained with XDRVGY and NJINJI with 2.8% and 9.0% respectively. The highest and the lowest yield of essence were for XDRVGY (87.5 Kgha ) and XDRXDR (5.9 Kgha ). Major components were: Parasymon, gamma-terpinene, borneol, thymol, 1 1 carvacrol, limonene, linalool and E-Caryophyllene (27.8%, 2.3%, 3.11%, 3.7%, 48.5%, 7.7% 28.4%, 79% and 3.4%), respectively for XDRVGY, XDRVGYT, XDRXDR, XDRBHU, XDRXDR, NJINJI, MKOQ, XDRBHU and XDRVGY. Considering the efficiency, production and constituent of oils, Accession XDRVGY originated from Markazi province was introduced with yields 2.8 %, 87.5 Kgha of essential oil and 45.8% thymol and 27.8 % 1
Productivity and oil quality of Thymus vulgaris L. under organic fertilization conditions
Ozean Journal of …, 2010
In two successive seasons, the influence of different types of organic fertilizers on growth, yield and oil constituents of thyme plants was studied. Results revealed that 20m 3 compost fed-1 combined with 10 L fed-1 of compost tea and /or (feldspar, rock phosphate at the level of 150 kg fed-1) were superior in most cases of growth characters, yield and oil percentage of Thymus vulgaris. The main components of thyme plants were thymol, -cymene and myrecene. The highest value of oxygenated compounds (59.90%) was obtained from plants received compost 20L.fed-1 + rock phosphate 150 kg fed-1 compared with control treatment (54.21%).
Industrial Crops and Products, 2004
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is member of Lamiaceae family, which distributes in different areas of Meditranea and Asia. Thyme volatile phenolic oil has been reported to be among the top 10 essential oils, showing antibacterial, antimycotic, antioxidative, natural food preservative, and mammalian age delaying properties. It has been known that agronomical factors have a great effect on both quality and quantity of essential metabolites. For this reason, it is necessary to determine optimum levels of agronomical factors affecting plant growth and production. Planting space and time of harvesting are the most important agronomical factors. This study has been conducted in Research farm of ACECR, Institute of Medicinal Plants & Natural Products Research along 1999-2000 on the base of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications. Thyme is cultivated in rows of 50 cm apart with inter-row spacing of 15, 30 or 45 cm. Plants are harvested in three stages, i.e. the beginning of blooming, full blooming and fruit set. In order to study the effects of plants space and time of harvesting, plant height, plant diameter, yields of dry and fresh herbage, content (%) and yield of oil, thymol and carvacrol were measured. Planting space had significant effect on plant diameter (P < 0.05) and very significant effect (P < 0.01) on other measured parameters except oil content, which was not significant. Time of harvest had significant effect on yield of fresh herbage, content of oil and content of carvacrol (P < 0.05). Its effect on other parameters was very significant (P < 0.01) except dry herbage and oil yield. The maximum yield of dry and fresh herbage, yield and content of oil and thymol yield were obtained in 15 cm space and beginning of blooming stage. Maximum thymol content was observed in the beginning of blooming and 45 cm space. However, 15 cm spacing and harvesting in the beginning of blooming was the best treatment in respect of yield of dry matter, oil and thymol per unit area.
Horticulturae
Thymus × citriodorus (Lamiaceae) is medicinal, essential oil-bearing hybrid, synthesizing significant amounts of geraniol. This hybrid is suitable for cultivation in an open ground in the Baltic region; therefore, increasing the yield and amounts of bioactive compounds by organic matter fertilization during organic farming is realized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with liquid cattle dung and humus on the quantitative and qualitative composition of essential oils as well as on biomass for some morphometrical and anatomical parameters of Thymus × citriodorus that were grown in open ground for two years. Each fertilization treatment was carried out on four replications, and four separate experimental plots were used as control plots. For anatomical investigations, the impress method and light microscopy were used. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The results showed somewhat different effe...