Reproductive Exploitation of Ai Boars on the Intensive Farm Units in Ap Vojvodina (Serbia) (original) (raw)
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Reproductive potential of free-living wild boar in Central Europe
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2020
The population of wild boar has rapidly increased over the past decades in many environments. Climate changes, changes in agricultural policy orientation, and, for example, insufficient hunting and predation pressure on the wild boar have made it one of the key species of the 21st century in Europe. Currently, the biggest threat related to the distribution and abundance increasing of wild boar in Europe is their contribution to spreading of African swine fever (ASF) disease. In order to prevent the spread of ASF and its consequences, it is essential to reduce the population of the wild boar to the lowest possible level. The rate of reduction required depends on the initial population size and the population recruitment rate. These are affected, among other factors, by the carrying capacity of the environment, the provision of artificially supplied foods, and feeding at baiting sites, to assist hunting. This study evaluated the reproductive potential of wild boar populations in the Czech Republic, across a range of environmental conditions. The environment significantly affected the physical condition of piglets, yearlings, and adult sows. In lower-quality environments, piglets entered puberty earlier than in higher-quality environments. Pregnancy has been reported in piglets from the age of 7 months. The average litter size was 4.08 for piglets, 5.83 for yearlings, and 7.01 for adult sows. The sex ratio of piglets was affected by the body condition of the mother. The reproductive potential of the current Central European wild boar population is high. This study showed that approximately 95% of females will be impregnated during the non-vegetative season. An average increment of 5 piglets per female, or 3 piglets per wild boar who survived the winter, can be expected.
Fertility of boars - what is important to know
Biotehnologija u stocarstvu, 2017
The most important part in reproductive management is the control of boar fertility. A common division of fertility traits is on the: in vitro (sperm traits) and in vivo (return rate, farrowing rate and litter size traits) fertility. In many studies were found differences between breed in the both groups of fertility traits. Variability of sperm traits of boars during the reproductive exploitation is influenced by various genetic (boar, breed) and paragenetic factors/effects (age, season, intensity of use). Good libido is desirable characteristics in boars, but the knowlegde of the correlation of libido and boar fertility traits are limited. Also, there is no standardised procedure or methods for the estimation of libido of the boars. The permanent ranking of boars according to the reproductive efficiency should be performing. Good reproductive management implies the timely identification of boars with the low fertility (or close to the average).
Carcass weight, condition and reproduction of wild boars harvested in north-western Poland
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2011
During the period from October 2008 till January 2009, in the carcass material assembled from the collective hunting of wild boars (n=165), the age structure of population, body masses and conditions of wild boars were assessed. Among the harvested wild boars, piglets constituted 35.8%, and subadults 53.9%, whereas adults only 10.3%. In females of all age classes corpora lutea and embryos were found. The average number of corpora lutea was 6.3 per female. The average litter size was 5.9 embryos per female. When divided in age classes, in older wild boars the average was 9.0 embryos per female and only 2.0 embryos in the yearling class. Of the embryos whose sex could be determined (n=19), 63.2% were females and 36.8% males.
Health status of boars used in reproduction
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine, 2014
Breeding and exploitation of boars at commercial farms aim at producing semen doses for internal use. The lifetime of boars and hence the length of their operation on farm, to a large extent depend on their health. Control of boars' health status; quality control of semen intended for arti icial insemination by supervision of the entire process: sperm collection, quality assessment and making of insemination doses; monitoring of boars' living conditions: housing, microclimate, feed, the attitude of employees. Our experiment included 40 boars from one farm of commercial type in Serbia. All boars had been imported from the European Union at age of 6 months and represents genetically superior animals. Health status was observed daily, during one year; in the same time period, semen quality assessment was done once per week (at each collection). After one year, from the total of 40 boars used in reproduction, seven of them showed signs of lameness. Three of them were excluded from further exploitation because of inability to jump on phantom. Initial problems often occur after irst jump, as a result of poor femur cartilage ossi ication. In some cases, lameness appeared as a result of a severe infection which involved pads and hooves on hind legs. None of affected boars have decrease in semen quality. In conclusion, health checkup of breeding boars is required to be a complex process within the implementation of health care on commercial farms. Problems of the locomotor system occupy particular attention. Accordingly, implementation of specifi c, defi ned procedures within the boars' medical supervision need to exist, with the aim to reduce boar exclusion from the exploitation process and thus decrease economic losses at farms.
Preliminary study of breeding boars' welfare
Veterinarski Arhiv
PETAK, I., V. MRLJAK, Z. TADIĆ, B. KRSNIK: Preliminary study of breeding PETAK, I., V. MRLJAK, Z. TADIĆ, B. KRSNIK: Preliminary study of breeding boars' welfare boars' welfare. Vet. arhiv 80, 235-246, 2010. ABSTRACT The behaviour and housing requirements of mature boars (The behaviour and housing requirements of mature boars (Sus scrofa Sus scrofa) are poorly understood although they) are poorly understood although they may be an important aspect of improving welfare and productivity. Since a defi nition of relevant behaviours may be an important aspect of improving welfare and productivity. Since a defi nition of relevant behaviours is essential to obtain quantitative information about the housing requirements of mature boars, the aim of this is essential to obtain quantitative information about the housing requirements of mature boars, the aim of this study was to establish the breeding boars' ethogram and to defi ne the most relevant behaviours that can be used study ...
Carcass weight, condition and reproduction of wild boar harvested in north-western Poland
Pest Management Science, 2012
During the period from October 2008 till January 2009, in the carcass material assembled from the collective hunting of wild boars (n=165), the age structure of population, body masses and conditions of wild boars were assessed. Among the harvested wild boars, piglets constituted 35.8%, and subadults 53.9%, whereas adults only 10.3%. In females of all age classes corpora lutea and embryos were found. The average number of corpora lutea was 6.3 per female. The average litter size was 5.9 embryos per female. When divided in age classes, in older wild boars the average was 9.0 embryos per female and only 2.0 embryos in the yearling class. Of the embryos whose sex could be determined (n=19), 63.2% were females and 36.8% males.
Russian Journal of Ecology
The aim of this study was analyze reproductive performance of wild boar in different habitat over a 7-year period (2006-2012). A total of 468 pregnant females and 2,819 fetuses were analyzed, the mean number of fetuses was 6.02 (median=6) per animal (4.62 per juvenile, 6.39 per yearling and 6.77 per adult). In litters, male-biased fetuses occurred significantly more often than female, the overall fetal sex ratio is 1:0.86. Positive reproductive traits increased up to 90 kg of live body weight and then decreased. The reproductive parameters observed in our study reflect a relatively high reproductive capacity compared to the populations in southern and northern Europe, but are comparable with some populations in central Europe. Concerning habitat conditions, it is obvious that they influence the reproductive performance of females, and therefore must be included in management plans.
Reproductive performance of wild boar females in Portugal
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2011
Reproductive tracts of 214 female wild boars collected in Central Portugal between October and February over the period 1997 to 2001 were examined. From this material, we were able to determine reproductive phenology (conception and birth periods) as well as age and weight of sows at puberty, ovulation rates of adults, foetal sex ratio, levels of intrauterine mortality, final litter size and postnatal mortality. Differences between year, region, age and body weight were analysed. A total of 66.8% of the females examined were gestating or lactating and 96.3% of these weighed >40 kg. The highest proportions of pregnant sows were found in the adult age/weight classes (74%). None of the juvenile females (1 year old and younger) were lactating and only 7% was pregnant. The average number of foetuses/female (4.1 ± 1.2SD) and that of corpora lutea per female (4.6 ± 1.7SD) increased from lighter and younger to heavier and older wild sows. Foetal sex ratio was biased towards males (1.3:1). Observed intrauterine mortality rate (9.7%) and postnatal mortality (6.3%) were among the lowest recorded in European wild boar populations. The productivity rate of the Central Portuguese wild boar population was calculated as 1.1 young per individual in the population. Conception and birth periods did not differ significantly between the considered 4 years. Birth synchronisation was pronounced in all the years, with a peak of births occurring in March.
Preliminary study of breeding boars' welfare Preliminary study of breeding boars' welfare
2010
The behaviour and housing requirements of mature boars ( The behaviour and housing requirements of mature boars (Sus scrofa Sus scrofa) are poorly understood although they ) are poorly understood although they may be an important aspect of improving welfare and productivity. Since a defi nition of relevant behaviours may be an important aspect of improving welfare and productivity. Since a defi nition of relevant behaviours is essential to obtain quantitative information about the housing requirements of mature boars, the aim of this is essential to obtain quantitative information about the housing requirements of mature boars, the aim of this study was to establish the breeding boars’ ethogram and to defi ne the most relevant behaviours that can be used study was to establish the breeding boars’ ethogram and to defi ne the most relevant behaviours that can be used as welfare measurements. Breeding boars were observed in their enclosures three hours before semen collection. as welfa...