Privacy of Personal Information (original) (raw)
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Privacy of Personal Information: Going Incog in a Goldfish Bowl
2021
P u b l i c a ti o n o f A C M I n d i a Each online interaction with an external service creates data about the user that is digitally recorded and stored. These external services may be credit card transactions, medical consultations, census data collection, voter registration, etc. Although the data is ostensibly collected to provide citizens with better services, privacy of the individual is inevitably put at risk. With the growing reach of the internet and the volume of data being generated, data protection and, specifically, preserving the privacy of individuals, have become particularly important. This Minigraph gives an overview of privacy. We discuss how privacy has evolved over time. The privacy concepts are discussed using two fictitious characters, Swara and Betaal, and their interactions with a fictitious entity, namely Asha Hospital. An introduction to privacy and associated concerns (Sections 1 and 2) is followed by descriptions of two important privacy preserving techniques, k-anonymity (Section 3) and differential privacy (Section 4). Lastly, some new approaches to ensuring privacy are discussed (Section 5).
Oxford University Press eBooks, 2020
Working with computing systems, whether developing, integrating, or testing them, will often involve working with data. Sometimes this data will be personal data, and sometimes these systems will have a major impact on the private life of those targeted by these systems (think of data brokers, credit rating agencies), or those interacting with these systems (in the case of social networks, search engines). In this chapter, we will investigate the legal domain of privacy and data protection, which entails a series of legal requirements for the development and design, for the default settings, and for the employment of computer architectures. This chapter can in no way provide a comprehensive overview of privacy and data protection, which would require two separate books at the least. However, the purpose of this book is not to turn computer scientists into lawyers. The purpose is to provide some real taste and true bite of the law on legal topics that are highly relevant for computer science. Therefore, please check the references for further reading and for real world scenarios check with a practising lawyer. The right to privacy is a subjective right, attributed by objective law. This may be national (constitutional) law, international human rights law, or supranational law (EU fundamental rights law). In this chapter, we will first confront the landscape of human rights law at the global, national, and EU level, followed by a discussion of the concept of privacy. We will then inquire into the right of privacy, as guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFREU), and finally, we will target the new fundamental right to data protection, as guaranteed by the CFREU and protected by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). 5.1 Human Rights Law When tracing the history of human rights, we first encounter the English Bill of Rights of 1689, followed by the revolutionary French Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen of 1789 and the US Bill of Rights of 1791. Though the famous Magna Charta of 1215 may seem an early example of a '[K] nowledge is an affair of making sure,' Dewey observed, 'not of grasping antecedently given sureties.' This is what the courts must achieve every time a case is brought before them: making the difference that makes a difference. 5.2.2 Privacy and technology After tracing the conceptual challenges of delineating privacy, I will briefly trace the relationship between privacy and technology. Some of us may think that privacy is a property of people in general, just like animals often display what ethologists call 'critical distance' from each other. Privacy, according to environmental psychologist Altman, is a matter of shaping and negotiating borders between self and others. It is not a property of a person, but of a relationship.
Controlling and Disclosing your Personal Information
2009
As organizations come to rely on the collection and use of personal information in order to complete the transactions and providing good services to their users, more and more user personal information is being shared with web service providers leading to the need to protect the privacy. Personal information is processed, stored and disclosed and often it generated in the course of making a commercial exchange. Credit card numbers, individual identity number, purchase records, monthly income, and related types of personal information all have important role with his this commercial information system. However this creation and use of personal information raises issues of privacy not only for the individual, but also for organizations. Easy access to private personal information will cause the misuse of data, no control over the information and others. Because of this, it's important to protect the information not only from external threats but also from insider threats. Data di...
Privacy online: up, close and personal
Health and Technology
In the era of information, administration of personal data protection mingles with expectations of access to information as well as the overall sense of cyber (in)security. A failure to appropriately consider the system of data processing relationships easily reduces personal data protection to assurances in letter. The complexity of contemporary data transactions demands a systemic and structured normative approach to personal data protection. Any evaluation of relevant norms should not be isolated from factors that determine or condition their implementation. As privacy is an intrinsically subjective claim, enforcing data privacy is premised on data subject's personal participation in the protection of her data.
Security and Privacy, 2011
This book integrates philosophical, legal and technical perspective in relation to ethical issues of privacy and security that arise in the use of information and communication technology; more specifically, it concerns global standards for ethical identity management in liberal democratic states.
[1] A survey on Privacy, Privacy Manager, Privacy laws and Regulations i....pdf
Cloud computing is the most recent technology in which information can be created, stored, manipulated and accessed wherever needed. Now, as the number of users is increasing day by day, the privacy of the overall network may lose if the private information of a person or any organisation is stolen or hacked by any other person. For that, we have made a survey over the privacy of the information stored in the cloud network. We have also discussed about the information for which privacy management is required. Privacy laws are also discussed in this paper. To protect information from cyber-crime or any other potential threats we have proposed about the need of privacy manager in the cloud network. Thus privacy of the network can be managed as well as security and trustworthiness can also be maintained.
Security, Confidentiality and Privacy in Health of Healthcare Data
Background: One of the most important facts that should be considered is confidentiality in order to maintain privacy turning out to be matters of security. Keeping-up confidentiality is a crucial factor in any field, as well as health realms. Professionals who have the ingress to approach the patients' communications must keep confidentiality in health. The priority for any human being is privacy to information especially related to health. Security enables us to live peacefully, without anxiety and in full insurance. Methods: The interpretive methodology was used in this research as it gives an impression of face to face interactions in healthcare bringing in social reality of what is happening in the health society. Results: In consultations on gathering these results for our research, we also realized that the most common threats of loss of data and theft come under certain types of disclosures mainly third parties, routine and inadvertent. Upon this realization, there must be notification to protect security, confidentiality and privacy when security breaches occur mainly to patients. As a result, patients must provide consent about their medical information in electronically form or in writing and the consent must be signed by the patient or family member or trusted entity. The patients must come clear on the nature of the information to be disclosed and where it should be disclosed and also when the consent should expire. At the same time, a health facility must take care of the institution's database and can only disclose to the management of the health institution whose obligation would also be to protect the data, as they might need the information for research purposes, where the researchers have approval from their institution's or to legal representatives. Conclusion: The advent of the hype of electronic information technology leads to major inconvenience in the main areas of human life. This manuscript explores issues in maintaining confidentiality and privacy in healthcare and other analysis of its value to individual and society as a whole. "Right to privacy is really important. You pull that brick out and another and pretty soon the house falls." Tim Cook (2016)1
Information Privacy: Issues, Concerns and Strategies
Journal of Information Engineering and Applications, 2016
The twenty-first century globalized world is characterized by an explosive and exponential growth of data and information that is generated from diverse heterogeneous sources and stored in various formats about all kinds of human endeavour for use in decision making and policy formulation. With this phenomenal growth in information comes with it privacy concerns which have legal implications. This research seeks to comprehensively review critical issues in information privacy, defining key terms like Information, Privacy, Personally Identifiable Information and Expectation of Privacy, this paper will also examine types of personally identifiable information that come under privacy concerns, privacy on the internet, categories of technology to address privacy protection in commercial information technology systems such as: P3P, and XACML. Privacy-enhancing technologies, privacy and the internet, areas of privacy, data and privacy laws of Nigeria and other countries and industry-stand...