Attitudes et réaction sociale à l'injonction thérapeutique face au cannabis et ses différents usages chez des apprenants en milieu scolaire à Abidjan (original) (raw)
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Environnement et Dynamique des Sociétés (EDS)-Revue scientifique thématique semestrielle, 2022
La présente chez les jeunes abidjanais dans un contexte mondial de dépénalisation et -groupes de jeunes abidjanais investigués présentent un fort contexte sociopolitique marqué par des scandales récurrents de trafics de drogues en lien avec la corruption et la violence. Le protocole méthodologique comprend échantillon de 307 enquêtés obtenus par choix raisonné et issus des sciences prototypique, catégorielle et de similitude sont exploitées pour donner sens aux résultats avec le concours des logiciels EVOC et IRAMUTEQ. Les principaux acquis indiquent que les représentations sociales du cannabis sont perméables aux influences de la variable « représentationnels demeurent semble-t-il, imperméables aux effets des variables « » et « sexe » des répondants. La forte prégnance du contexte socioculturel et politique ivoirien, marqué par des scandales récurrents de trafics de drogues en lien avec la corruption et la violence, confère un fort niveau participants.
Tabac et cannabis chez l’adolescent scolarisé de Nouméa
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 2011
Conclusions. -In New Caledonia, tobacco consumption levels are higher than those in developed countries. We did not find a falling trend compared with previous data. The use of cannabis remains very widespread at an early age, with a male predominance for daily consumption. For both, these addictions the perception of the risk and the desire to stop are weak. The population studied is representative of teenagers in the public sector schools in Grand-Noumea but probably does not reflect the situation on the whole territory. The results obtained suggest the value of a study of the whole of New Caledonia, the eventual purpose being to guide the public health authorities towards policies that help the young people of the country.
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique, 2008
Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer la contribution relative de l’influence des pairs et des parents ainsi que celle des attentes du sujet à l’égard de la consommation de cannabis dans un échantillon d’adolescents scolarisés. Cinq cent cinquante-neuf participants d’âge moyen 15,4 ans ont rempli un questionnaire évaluant la fréquence de consommation du cannabis, le nombre de camarades perçus comme opposés à la consommation de cannabis et le nombre de camarades considérés comme consommant du cannabis, la représentation qu’avait le sujet de l’opinion des parents sur la consommation de cannabis, les antécédents éventuels de consommation de cannabis par les parents ou leur consommation présente, les attentes du sujet à l’égard de la consommation. Vingt-deux pourcent des filles et 28 % des garçons étaient consommateurs de cannabis. Une analyse de régression logistique prédisant la consommation ou la non-consommation de cannabis a montré que nombre de camarades consommateurs, le fait que le père consommait ou avait consommé, les attentes positives étaient des prédicteurs indépendants de la consommation de cannabis. Le nombre de camarades opposés à la consommation et les attentes négatives étaient des prédicteurs indépendants de la non-consommation. L’opinion des parents et le fait que la mère consommait ou ait consommé du cannabis n’étaient pas des prédicteurs significatifs de la consommation ou de la non-consommation. Ces résultats peuvent avoir des implications pour la prévention. La normalisation de la non-consommation par les pairs peut contribuer à l’abstinence. L’absence d’influence des attitudes parentales suggère que la désapprobation parentale de l’usage n’est pas efficace dans la prévention de l’usage tandis que l’exemple de la consommation ou de la non-consommation du père peut influencer l’usage de cannabis par les adolescents. La faible corrélation entre les attentes positives et négatives suggère que les interventions de prévention utilisant la présentation d’informations doivent à la fois viser à réduire les attentes positives et à renforcer les attentes négatives.The aim of the study was to evaluate the relative contributions of peers and parental influences and adolescents’ own beliefs about use, in the prediction of cannabis use.Participants were 559 high-school and secondary school students (275 girls, mean age = 15.4 ± 1; 274 boys, mean age = 15.5 ± 0.9) who completed questionnaires assessing cannabis use frequency, the number of peers using cannabis, the number of peers opposed to cannabis use, parental attitude toward cannabis use, parental present or past cannabis use and participants’ expectations toward use. Parents’ opinion of cannabis use was assessed using a ten-point scale ranging from zero (highly opposed to cannabis use) to 10 (highly in favour of cannabis use). The participants’ opinion of cannabis use was assessed using a self-report questionnaire which was generated from a preliminary qualitative study on a convenient sample of ten adolescents who agreed to participate in a semistructured interview assessing their perceptions of the effects of cannabis use. Interviewers drew up a list of all the reported perceptions. One rater eliminated redundant responses and combined similar instances into more general terms. Responses were reworded concisely to be appropriate for a close-ended questionnaire. The final questionnaire consisted of 29 items. Items were scored on a 7-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 = disagree strongly to 7 = agree strongly.In the total sample (n = 559), 22% of girls (n = 61) and 28% of boys (n = 76) reported having used cannabis once during the last six months (p = 0.05); 4% of girls and 9% of boys used cannabis at least 3–4 times per week; water pipe or bong was used by 31% of boys and 28% of girls used cannabis. Cannabis users reported that 49% of their fathers were using or had used cannabis versus 10% of non-users. Cannabis users reported that 39% of their mothers were using or had used cannabis versus 22% of non-users. An exploratory factorial analysis of the cannabis use expectations questionnaire was conducted. The eigenvalue curve suggested either a two-factor solution explaining 46% of the variance. These factors were called ‘positive expectancies’ (eigenvalue = 9.0; explained variance = 29%, Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) and ‘negative expectancies’ (eigenvalue = 4.0; explained variance = 17%; Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). The correlation of factors was negative and moderate (Pearson's r = −0.29). Cannabis users were characterised by a higher number of peers using cannabis, a lower number of peers opposed to use, a lower level of negative opinion of parents, a higher level of positive expectancies and a lower level of negative expectancies. It is to be noted that both users and non-users tended to perceive their parents as highly opposed to use. A logistic regression analysis predicting cannabis use versus non-use was performed entering sex, the number of peers opposed to cannabis use, the number of peers using cannabis, the opinion of parents, parental present or past cannabis use and positive and negative expectations factor scores. A test of the full model with all predictors against a constant-only model was statistically reliable: the predictors reliably distinguished between users and non-users (χ2 (8) = 153.9; p < 0.0001). The variance in cannabis use accounted for was high, with McFadden ρ2 = 0.39. Prediction success was satisfactory, with 94% of non-users and 59% of users correctly predicted. The number of peers opposed to cannabis use (B = −0.08; t-ratio = 3.9; p = 0.04), the number of peers using cannabis (B = 0.06; t-ratio = 7.9, p = 0.01), the positive expectations score (B = 0.94; t-ratio = 26.6; p < 0.0001) and negative expectations scores (B = −0.50; t-ratio = 11.8; p = 0.0006) and father's present or past cannabis use (B = 1.17; t-ratio = 8.2; p = 0.004) were significant independent predictors of cannabis use. These results indicated that the higher the number of peers using cannabis and the positive expectations, the higher the risk for initiation of cannabis use. The regression coefficient of the number of peers opposed to cannabis use and of the negative expectations score were negative. These results indicated that the less the number of peers opposed to cannabis use and the lower the negative expectations, the higher the risk for initiation of use. Parental attitudes toward use and mother's present or past cannabis use were not significant independent predictors of use.As our sample was non-clinical, a first limitation of our findings is that they may not be transposable to patient populations. Another limitation of our study is linked to its cross-sectional design, which prevents the attribution of causal explanations for the associations found. One of the study's strengths is that it assesses potentially important variables not evaluated in previous studies, such as the number of peers opposed to cannabis use and positive and negative expectations of use. The results of the present study suggested that the number of peers using cannabis, father's present or past cannabis use and participants’ positive expectations of cannabis use were risk factors for use, whereas the number of peers opposed to cannabis use and the negative expectations of use were protective factors. Parental attitudes toward use did not appear to influence adolescents’ cannabis use. In conclusion, our results may have some implications for prevention interventions. They add weight to the view that normalisation of non-use by peers facilitates abstinence. The absence of influence of parental attitudes toward use suggests that parental disapproval of use is not effective in preventing use, whereas the example of father's use or non-use influences adolescent use. The quite low correlation between positive and negative expectancies suggests that prevention interventions presenting information concerning the effects of cannabis use should focus on both reducing positive expectancies and enhancing negative expectancies.
International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 2024
Les connaissances peuvent se présenter comme étant la somme des informations à propos d’un objet social, de sa quantité et de sa qualité, plus ou moins stéréotypée, banale ou originale, jouent un rôle déterminant dans le changement de comportement des populations. L’objectif de la présente recherche est de comprendre le lien entre les connaissances des cadres législatif et institutionnel et les perceptions sociales du risque liées à la consommation du cannabis par les jeunes. Le protocole méthodologique comprend un guide d’entretien et deux questionnaires : le premier explore les connaissances liées au cadre législatif et institutionnel du cannabis et s’inspire du « Know cannabis test » tandis que le second questionnaire porte sur la perception sociale du risque liée aux implications de la consommation du cannabis et s’inspire du « CASTCannabis Abuse Screening Test », pour un échantillon volontaire de 505 participants. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes enquêtés présentent de manière prévalente, un usage occasionnel du cannabis et une bonne connaissance du statut juridique de la substance, quoiqu’ils en consomment. Les perceptions sociales du risque liées au cannabis touchent au rôle de l’environnement immédiat et les jeunes ont une pratique collective et clandestine de l’usage de la substance (3 ou 4 personnes) et cela s’inscrit dans un « rituel » de relaxation et d’échange entre amis au sein des résidences universitaires. La capacité perçue de désistement volontaire de l’usage du cannabis est faible chez les participants
Influence de la consommation de cannabis sur les idées suicidaires chez 491 adolescents scolarisés
Encephale-revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique Et Therapeutique, 2008
Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer les contributions relatives de l’usage du cannabis et des symptômes dépressifs à la prédiction des idées suicidaires chez l’adolescent. Un échantillon de 491 lycéens (201 garçons et 290 filles) a rempli un questionnaire évaluant l’usage de cannabis, la symptomatologie dépressive et les idées suicidaires. Une analyse de régression hiérarchique multiple a montré que l’usage du cannabis, au moins une fois par mois dans les trois derniers mois, était un prédicteur indépendant significatif des idées suicidaires après contrôle de la symptomatologie dépressive. Une deuxième analyse réalisée chez les consommateurs a montré que la fréquence de consommation était à la limite de la significativité. Toutefois, la contribution de la consommation du cannabis à la prédiction des idées suicidaires était faible n’ajoutant que 1 % à la variance expliquée. Dans cette étude la consommation de cannabis n’apparaît pas comme un facteur de risque important des idées suicidaires chez l’adolescent.The aim of the study was to evaluate the relative contributions of cannabis use and depressive symptoms in the prediction of suicidal ideation.A random sample of 491 high-school students from the department of Haute-Garonne, France (290 girls, mean age = 16.6 ± 1.4; 201 boys, mean age = 17.3 years ± 1.6) completed a questionnaire assessing cannabis use, the CES–D (center for epidemiological studies – depression scale) completed by the three-item sub-scale measuring suicidal ideation proposed by Garrison et al. (J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30 (1991) 636–641).In the total sample, 15% of girls (n = 44) and 23% of boys (n = 46) reported having used cannabis at least once a month during the last three months. The mean CES–D score for girls was significantly higher than for boys (20.6 ± 11 versus 18.4 ± 10.9, t = 2.4, p = 0.01). According to the cut-off score of 24, 22% of boys and 36% of girls exhibited a moderate to severe depressive symptomatology (p = 0.02). The mean suicidal ideation score was not significantly higher in girls than in boys (1.3 ± 2 versus 0.95 ± 1.9, t = 1.7, p = 0.10). At least, the occasional wish to kill oneself was reported by 17% of boys and 20% of girls (p = 0.40). The contribution of cannabis use and depressive symptomatology in the prediction of suicidal ideation were tested with a hierarchical multiple regression analysis, to determine whether cannabis use improved prediction of suicidal ideation beyond that afforded by CES–D scores. In the first step, including age and sex as covariates, the model accounted for a significant and important part of the variance of suicidal ideation (41%). Age and sex were not significant predictors. The second step, with cannabis use added to the prediction of suicidal ideation, afforded an increase of 1% in predictable variance. Cannabis use (β = 0.08, t = 2.2, p = 0.03) was significantly but weakly related to suicidal ideation, while depressive symptoms (β = 0.63, t = 17.8, p < 0.001) remained the main predictor. In a second regression analysis conducted among cannabis users, frequency of use was almost a significant predictor (β = 0.11, t = 1.84, p = 0.07).This result suggests an association between suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms and cannabis use in adolescents. Cannabis use appeared to be an independent predictor of suicidal ideation after controlling for depressive symptoms. However, the increment of variance accounted for by cannabis use was small. This suggests that cannabis use contributes to suicidal ideation independently from depressive symptoms, but weakly. A limitation to the study was the absence of control for other potential confounding variables. The association between cannabis use and suicidal ideation may be linked to common risk factors such as borderline personality disorder traits, sociodemographic and family factors. In this study, cannabis use does not appear as an important risk factor for suicidal ideation in adolescents.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2021
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