Performance of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People algorithm in screening older adults for muscle mass assessment (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly people from Northern Brazil according to muscle weakness or walking slowness. Methods: The sample consisted of 312 elderly people (72.6 ± 7.8 years). For walking slowness, a gait speed ≤ 0.8 m/s was used as a cut-off value, and for muscle weakness the following handgrip strength criteria were used for men and women, respectively: CI: <27.0/16.0 kg; CII: <35.5/20.0 kg; CIII: grip strength corrected for body mass index (BMI) < 1.05/0.79; CIV: grip strength corrected for total fat mass: <1.66/0.65; CV: grip strength corrected for body mass: <0.45/0.34. Results: Walking speed was reduced in 27.0% of women and 15.2% of men (p < 0.05). According to grip strength criteria, 28.5% of women and 30.4% of men (CI), 58.0% of women and 75.0% of men (CII), 66.0% of women and 39.3% of men (CIII), 28.8% of women and 19.6% of men (CIV), and 56.5% of women and 50.0% of men (CV) were identified as having s...
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021
Recently the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) has updated diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, which consist of one or more measures of muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance, plus an initial screening test called SARC-F. The main objective was to compare the number of cases of sarcopenia, using the different measurements and screening options. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Spanish older adults (n = 272, 72% women). Combining the different measures proposed by the steps described in the EWGSOP2 algorithm, 12 options were obtained (A–L). These options were studied in each of the three models: (1) using SARC-F as initial screening; (2) not using SARC-F; and (3) using SARC-CalF instead of SARC-F. A χ2 independence test was statistically significant (χ2(6) = 88.41, p < 0.001), and the association between the algorithm used and the classification of sarcopenia was moderate (Cramer’s V = 0.226). We conclude that the different EWGS...
Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 2015
Aim: To compare the prevalence of sarcopenia using two indicators: skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and calf circumference (CC) used in the algorithm proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Mexican elderly women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Lean body mass was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To define sarcopenia, the SMI was obtained using a cutoff value of 5.5 kg/m 2 , and the CC cutoff was 31 cm. For gait speed and handgrip strength, the cutoff values were 0.8 m/s and 20 kg, respectively. Results: A total of 137 women (mean age 73.8 ± 6.7 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.6% using SMI and 11.0% using CC (P = 0.009). Body mass index was associated with a lower probability of sarcopenia applying SMI or CC (OR 0.75, P = 0.002 for SMI and OR 0.71, P = 0.004 for CC). Sarcopenia evaluated either with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or CC was not associated with physical performance, such as five times chair stand test, timed up and go test and short physical performance battery. Additionally, SMI was not associated with physical performance, five times chair stand test (P = 0.775) and timed up-and-go test (P = 0.341). Conclusions: The prevalence of sarcopenia in active elderly women was low. A higher prevalence of sarcopenia was detected using SMI compared with CC. It is important to identify the best methods to assess skeletal muscle mass to obtain a reliable diagnosis of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ••: ••-••.
s u m m a r y Background: The reported prevalence of sarcopenia ranges widely depending on its definition criterion. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) developed a practical clinical definition and consensus diagnostic criteria. This definition recommends using normative data of the study population rather than other reference populations. Objective: We aimed to define the reference cutoff values for muscle mass, muscle strength and calf circumference in Turkey in order to improve general applicability of EWGSOP criteria. Material and methods: Healthy young adults between 18 and 39 years of age with no known chronic disease or chronic drug usage were included in our study to serve as reference population for assessing muscle mass. Community-dwelling older outpatients were prospectively recruited from the geriatrics outpatient clinics of a university hospital for assessing hand grip strength and calf circumference. Body composition was assessed by bioimpedance analysis. Muscle strength was assessed measuring hand grip strength with a Jamar hand dynamometer. The cutoff thresholds for muscle mass were defined as the mean-2SD of the values of the young reference study population; for grip strength were calculated from ROC analyses using cutoff values that predicted gait speed < 0.8 m/s; and for calf circumference were calculated from ROC analyses using cutoff values that predicted low muscle mass. Results: The young reference group included a total of 301 participants (187 male, 114 female; mean age: 26.5 ± 4.6 years). The cutoff thresholds for skeletal muscle mass indexes were 9.2 kg/m 2 and 7.4 kg/m 2 in males and females, respectively. The older community dwelling group included 406 subjects (123 male, 283 female, mean age: 76.6 ± 6.7 years). The cutoff thresholds for hand grip strength were 32 kg and 22 kg for males and females. The cutoff threshold for calf circumference was 33 cm for both males and females. Conclusions: The cutoff thresholds for muscle mass, grip strength and calf circumference were somewhat higher but comparable with other reference populations. Further worldwide studies from different nations and countries are needed to obtain better reference values.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2013
Objective: To identify the mean values and percentiles for ASMM (appendicular skeletal muscle mass) and the prevalence of sarcopenia, in terms of muscle mass reduction, using different cutoffs in a European population. Design: A retrospective analysis on the dataset from a multicenter study on apparently healthy Italian adults conducted between 1999 and 2002. A significant muscle mass loss, necessary to diagnose sarcopenia, was defined in 3 different ways: (1) by subtracting 2 SDs from the mean ASMM index (ASMMI) of a young adult population (20e39 year-olds), as in the Rosetta study and the NHANES survey; (2) by calculating the 15th percentile of the distribution of our young population, corresponding to about 1 SD below the mean ASMMI; (3) by calculating the 20th percentile of the distribution of the ASMMI (as in the Health ABC study) of an elderly population. Setting: Five centers for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in various parts of the country (Padova, Verona, Parma, Roma, Napoli). Participants: Participants were 1535 volunteers (1208 women and 327 men) aged 20 to 80 years, drawn from among staff members, university students, lay people contacted by word of mouth, and patients presenting spontaneously for osteoporosis screening. Measurements: Body weight and height were measured for all participants. Body composition was assessed by DEXA, and the ASMMI was calculated as the ASMM divided by body height in meters squared. Results: Both men's and women's lean mass in the arms and ASMM were highest in the young group and became lower in older age. In men, the ASMMI dropped gradually from age 20 to 29 to age 60 to 69, then remained stable in the oldest group. In women, the ASMMI gradually increased from age 20 to 29 to age 60 to 69, then dropped among the 70-to 80-year-olds. Based on the 15th percentile of the ASMMI for our young adult reference population, the cutoffs for sarcopenia were 7.59 kg/m 2 in men and 5.47 kg/m 2 in women; if the 20th percentile of the ASMMI in our elderly subjects (>65 years) was considered, the cutoffs were 7.64 kg/m 2 in men and 5.78 kg/m 2 in women. Applying the different diagnostic criteria to the those older than 65, the prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 0% to about 20% in both genders. Conclusion: The 15th percentile (or 1 SD below the mean) of the ASMMI of our young adults, and the 20th percentile of this index for an elderly reference population proved more effective in identifying cases of sarcopenia than subtracting 2 SD from the mean ASMMI of a young adult population.
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2018
To compare the diagnostic value of the 5-component questionnaire that measures strength, assistance walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs, and falls (SARC-F) and SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF) for screening sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. A diagnostic accuracy study. A community in Chengdu, China. Older adults aged 60 years or older. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were estimated using a bioimpedance analysis device, handgrip strength, and gait speed, respectively. Four commonly used diagnostic criteria [European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP), Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS), and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria] were applied as the reference standard, separately. The sensitivity/specificity analyses of the SARC-F and SARC-CalF methods were evaluated. The receiver operating characteristics curves and the area...
Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 2022
Absolute muscle strength or adjusted by body mass index (BMI) are useful to identify sarcopenia. However, these values are not accurate for older adults with extreme body sizes because the nonlinear relationship between strength and body size. The purpose was to determine cut-off points for identify sarcopenia in older adults using allometric coefficients to normalise handgrip strength (HGS) and 30-sec chair stand test (30-s CST) by body size. Allometric exponents were proposed with log-linear models for body-size variables (body mass, height and BMI). The remotion of body-size effect on muscle strength with allometric normalisation was tested by partial correlation. Cut-off points for low muscle strength were established by ROC curve and Youden index considering functional limitation (six-minute walk test<400m). Allometric exponents provided for body-size variables range from -0.01 to 2.28 (HGS) and -0.27 to 0.21 (30-s CST). The effect of body size on muscle strength was removed...
Cut-off points to screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in Brazil
PeerJ, 2021
Background At a time when the world’s population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted. In this perspective, the heterogeneity in the classification and the different reference values has a critical impact on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, since neither the procedures, the components and the cut-off points are consistent. Objectives To develop cut-off points for the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in the northeast of Brazil and compare the pr...
2013
Objectives: To evaluate the possibilities of some recommended diagnostic tools on selected groups of the elderly. Design and Methods: 79 elderly people (average age 81.8) participated in a study aimed at verifying the possibilities of using diagnostic methods of sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). We measured body composition by bioimpedence analysis (BIA), physical performance with hand-grip dynamometry and the standing balance, sit-tostand and walking speed items of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). For data analysis, we used the IRT statistical method. Results: We demonstrated that these selected tests have a unidimensional character but they do not measure the level of fitness in the elderly. In addition, we found that the item "Chair Stand" is, according to our experience, too difficult in its current version and thus it underestimates the overall performance of the population in this age category. Conclusions: Although the diagnostic tools suggested by EWGSOP are important tools for the senior population in general, we found some difficulties in their use in the sample of seniors who lived at the institution under study. Nevertheless, one possible limitation of our research was the sample size.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2000
To establish the prevalence of sarcopenia in older Americans and to test the hypothesis that sarcopenia is related to functional impairment and physical disability in older persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Nationally representative cross-sectional survey using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen thousand eight hundred eighteen adult NHANES III participants aged 18 and older.