Women's Electoral Participation in Egypt: The Implications of Gender for Voter Recruitment and Mobilization (original) (raw)

Political Participation of Women in Egypt

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020

Women's participation in politics within the Muslim world sparked debates between the traditional and modern Muslim scholars of Islam. This article looks into the extent of the political participation of women in Egypt and elaborates on how the educational system changes the political landscape of the country. Using systemic analysis of the related literature and studies, this study finds that the countries' leading Islamic political movement, the Ikhwan al-Muslim (Muslim Brotherhood), the religious edict of the Shari'ah Council of the al-Azhar University as well as the prevailing social condition of the society favors woman participation in politics. The more they are exposed to the secular educational system of the country the more they are likely to be active in participating in politics as opposed to those that went through the Islamic educational system.

Women's Political Participation in Egypt: The Role of The National Council for Women

2015

The pivotal role of Egyptian women in recent revolutionary movements, represented in January 25 and June 30 revolutions, has been well documented. Ironically, after January 25 revolution, women's status in Egypt has regressed in the realm of civil rights, freedoms and equal representation. Despite the significant role of the National Council for Women (NCW) in the process of women empowerment in Egypt before the revolutions, its efforts had been somewhat limited. With upcoming parliamentary elections, the NCW is working to empower women to gain their rightful representation. This research endeavours to assess the effectiveness of the role of NCW in promoting women’s political participation in the genesis of the revolutions, with special regards to the 2015 parliamentary elections. The research argues that the role of NCW is rather limited due to three factors: shortcomings within the NCW institutional framework; shortcomings within the Egyptian legal/constitutional framework; an...

Women Representation in the Egyptian Parliament: Representation or Misrepresentation?

Developing Country Studies, 2016

Egyptian women who played a pivotal role in both, January 25 th and June 30 th revolutions were rewarded by achieving the highest female representation in Egypt’s parliamentary history in the last 2015 elections (89-14.9%). This paper accesses women's representation/mis-representation in light of this increase in numbers .Results show that the implementation of a one-time quota, that not only seeks to include women but several unprotected sectors of the society, guaranteed positive outcomes but warns from a decline if not implemented for at least one more time ensuring the continuance of women empowerment. Keywords:- Women Representation – Egyptian 2015 parliamentary elections – Empowerment – Quota.

Women in the Second Egyptian Parliament Post the Arab Spring: Do they think they stand a chance?

Journal of International Women's Studies, 2013

Egyptian women were very active on the streets during the 25 January Revolution, both in the demonstrations and in the subsequent elections, showing very high rates of participation as voters, yet surprisingly, very low rates of representation in the 2012 parliament. The current study seeks to explore different views, expectations and perceptions of Egyptian women regarding women's role in the forthcoming 2013 parliamentary elections, and to identify what alternative measures are needed to strengthen women's representation in parliament, both quantitatively and qualitatively.

The Future of Female Mobilization in Lebanon, Morocco, and Yemen after the Arab Spring

a fruit vendor by the name of Mohammad Bouazizi doused himself in paint-thinner and lit himself on fire as an act of political protest in Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia. Bouazizi could not have known that his actions would reverberate across the region, leading to calls for democratic change and reform through the Arab world. Using the Status of Women in the Middle East and North Africa study conducted in 2010 by the International Foundation for Electoral Studies, examining the electoral behavior of women in the transitioning Arab world merits further discussion. Using Lebanon, Morocco, and Yemen as cases representing the Levant, North Africa, and the Arabian peninsula respectively, this study examines the propensity to vote among women, and examines the question as to whether or not impositions on women's personal space reduces political participation. This is not the first examination of the gender-based implications of space. According to Sherine Hafez in her piece, Egypt, Uprising and Gender Politics: Gendering Bodies/Gendering Space, women's bodies are often the source of contention in public life. In the Egyptian context, measures against female mobilization included virginity tests, sexual assaults, fatwas (religious decrees) validating the rape of unveiled activists, all of which were implemented explicitly to demobilize politically active women. The findings in this research indicate that mechanisms of demobilization which are based on the gendered body occur not only in the public sphere, but also in the private sphere.

Who votes in authoritarian elections and why? Determinants of voter turnout in contemporary Egypt

2006

Abstract This paper examines voter behavior in Egypt, an electoral authoritarian country. While some voters cast their ballots on an ideological basis, many Egyptian voters expect to receive a direct material benefit for their vote. Although voter turnout is associated with higher levels of education in developed democracies, I find that in Egypt, illiterates are twice as likely to vote as those who can read.

Islamist Women and Political Rights : A Case Study of Islamist Women's Increasing Political Participation in Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood

2012

Islamist women have become increasingly visible in politics in Egypt over the last decade. What can explain their increased political participation? This thesis examines women's participation in a case study of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. I do so by the use of qualitative interviews with Islamist women in Cairo as well as an extensive review of previous research. In doing so, the relationship between Islamism and the development of women's political rights is explored. The empirical evidence is considered in a democratization perspective and assessed by the use of three different theoretical approaches to democratization. This assessment suggests that the integrating, bottom-up means by which the Muslim Brotherhood has contested political power in Egypt has been the main cause of women's increased political participation in the movement. v

Political Gender Inequality in Egypt after the Arab Spring (2011–2013)

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Strategic and Global Studies (ICSGS 2018), 2019

The present study examines political gender inequality in Egypt following the Arab Spring in 2011, when Egyptian women openly opposed the Mubarak regime. These women held public demonstrations for the recognition and improvement of their position in the public sphere, which raised hopes for better opportunities for women to change their status in Egyptian society. However, after the overthrow of the Mubarak regime, these hopes remained unfulfilled; for instance, women's representation in the Egyptian parliament is less than 2%. This phenomenon is analyzed using the qualitative method along with the descriptive analysis approach. This research investigates the root of gender inequality in a developing country. The results identify three factors that hinder gender equality in Egypt: economic (physical production and intense household duty), cultural (patrilocality and the son's role as a potential support figure for the elderly), and political regime shift (from military to the Ikhwanul Muslimin regime).

Women's political partcipation in muslim brotherhood between the hammer of ambiguity and the anvil of inclusion-moderation : the case of Egypt and Tunisia

2016

iii Acknowledgement iv 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Methodology 3 3.0 Theoretical Context 8 3.1 Political participation 8 3.2 The inclusion-moderation theory 9 3.3 Muslim Brotherhood and women's political participation: an exercise of ambiguity ......... 10 4.0 Literature reviews 11 4.1 Women in the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood 11 4.2 Women at Alnnahda Tunisian party 14 4.3 Sisterhood and political participation in Egyptian MuslimBrotherhood: the cases of ambiguity or real recognition of women political rights. 17 4.4 Women’s political participation at Alnnahda Tunisian party: promising future or religious, political game? 26 5.0 Findings and discussion 36 5.2 Women in Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood 36 5.3 Women’s political participation at Alnnahda party. 39 6.0 Conclusion 40 7.0 References 43 8.0 Appendices 45