Effect of Chitosan and Nanoparticles on Cancer Cells Treated with Therapeutic Drugs : Comparison of Cell Survival * (original) (raw)
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The limitations associated with the conventional treatment of cancer have necessitated the design and development of novel drug delivery systems based mainly on nanotechnology. These novel drug delivery systems include various kinds of nanoparticles, such as polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, hydrogels, and polymeric micelles. Among the various kinds of novel drug delivery systems, chitosan-based nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researchers to treat cancer. Chitosan is a polycationic polymer generated from chitin with various characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and mucoadhesiveness, making it an ideal polymer to fabricate drug delivery systems. However, chitosan is poorly soluble in water and soluble in acidic aqueous solutions. Furthermore, owing to the presence of reactive amino groups, chitosan can be chemically modified to improve its physiochemical properties. Chitosan and its mod...
Chitosan exhibits antimicrobial activities through its interaction(s) with microbial cell surface thereby altering their gene expression and cellular function, leading to cell death. Nanometal particles exert many effects not previously expected on biological systems and thus can be explored for diverse biomedical applications. Our previous and on-going studies indicate that U87 cells cultured on chitosan film/membrane exhibited significantly slower growth and proliferation kinetics compared to U87 cells cultured alone. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of chitosan is enhanced if combined with nanometals and Adriamycin, a common anticancer durg. Our results showed that combinations of metal nanoparticles, Adriamycin and chitosan induced decreased survival of U87 glioma cells at different rates, more marked than those with chitosan alone. Thus, our results have pathophysiological implications in inhibiting human brain glioma invasion and migration.
Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology
In recent years, natural and synthetic polymers have attracted much attention due to their great potentials in medical science. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of chitosan-bulk (Chbulk), chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP), chitosan nanoparticles conjugated with glutaraldehyde (ChNP-GA) with an average size of 300-400 nm on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) to examine their cytotoxic and anti-cancer abilities. We have evaluated the effects of Ch-bulk, ChNP, ChNP-GA on cancer cells by morphometric and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays respectively. Our results revealed that the Ch-bulk, ChNP, ChNP-GA decreased cell viability, cell proliferation and caused cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Both morphometric and quantitative analyses confirmed that (Ch-bulk) and Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP and ChNP-GA) induced concentration-dependent effects on the cancer cells. Among these three, ChNP-GA produced a more profound effect on the survivability with compared to each-bulk and Ch-NP treated groups. A dose of 2 mg/mL did not produced much effect on the cancer cell death, however, a dose of 4 mg/mL-6 mg/ mL produced significant morphological changes like nuclear condensation and augmentation. Interestingly, a dose of 8 mg/mL produced significant cell death 48 hours post-treatment. In addition, during our morphometric analysis, we found that (Ch-bulk) and Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP and ChNP-GA) treated cells underwent nuclear disintegration and fragmentation which lead to programmed cell death. Our studies demonstrate that the Ch-bulk, ChNP and ChNP-GA holds a great potential in the treatment of colon cancer.
Cytotoxic Effect of Chitosan-Gold Nanoparticles on Two Cell Lines in Culture
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca: Horticulture, 2017
Among metallic nanoparticles gold possess several unique properties. It has been argued that AuNPs have significant toxicity both in vitro and in vivo but that coating may partially prevent harmful effects. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide derivative of chitin known to have immunoenhancing effects, antitumor, antifungal and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of chitosan-AuNPs on C26 (murine colon carcinoma) and HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) cell lines. C26 and HeLa cells were exposed to 10 and 60 nm sized chitosan-AuNPs at five different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). After 24 h of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT colorimetric method and IC50 values were calculated. In C26 cells 60 nm particles were more toxic than 10 nm particles. On the other hand in HeLa cells the situation was reversed and 10 nm particles had the most harmful effect at a concentration 2.5 times smaller than that of 60 nm particles. Our results could suggest that chitosan-AuNPs have an antiproliferative effect on C26 and HeLa cell lines but that this depends on cell type and is influenced by particle size and concentration.
Cancer Cell International
The study describes the current state of knowledge on nanotechnology and its utilization in medicine. The focus in this manuscript was on the properties, usage safety, and potentially valuable applications of chitosan-based nanomaterials. Chitosan nanoparticles have high importance in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, discovery and development of new drugs. The manuscript reviewed the new studies regarding the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles for creating new release systems with improved bioavailability, increased specificity and sensitivity, and reduced pharmacological toxicity of drugs. Nowadays, effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and recent advances in nanomedicine are of great importance. Special attention was put on the application of chitosan nanoparticles in developing new system for anticancer drug delivery. Pre-clinical and clinical studies support the use of chitosan-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine. This manuscript overviews the last progresses reg...
Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 2019
Chitosan, a natural macromolecule, is widely used in medical and pharmaceutical fields because of its distinctive properties such as a bactericide, fungicide and above all its antitumour effects. In this study; we aimed to develop an antitumour system based on Chitosan (Cs) and its some amino acid derivatives, namely Chitosan-Arginine (Cs-Arg) and Chitosan-Clycine-Aspartic acid (Cs-Gly-Asp) derivatives nanoparticles to improve their bioavailability and anticancer activity in antitumour treatments. The derivatives were obtained in a very good yield, and they were characterized by FTIR and some of them characterized by 1H-NMR, and the resulted spectra confirmed the right structures of synthesized chitosan derivatives. All the chitosan and its grafted amino acids were converted to nanoparticles in size by subjecting them to the sonication method. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the shape and size of the prepared polymeric nanoparticles, and they developed u...
Designing of Chitosan Derivatives Nanoparticles with Antiangiogenic Effect for Cancer Therapy
Nanomaterials
Angiogenesis is a physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels, which provides oxygen and required nutrients for the development of various pathological conditions. In a tumor microenvironment, this process upregulates the growth and proliferation of tumor cells, thus any stage of angiogenesis can be a potential target for cancer therapies. In the present study, chitosan and his derivatives have been used to design novel polymer-based nanoparticles. The therapeutic potential of these newly designed nanoparticles has been evaluated. The antioxidant and MTT assays were performed to know the antioxidant properties and their biocompatibility. The in vivo antiangiogenic properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated by using a chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) model. The obtained results demonstrate that chitosan derivatives-based nanostructures strongly enhance the therapeutic effect compared to chitosan alone, which also correlates with antitumor activity, demonst...
Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society
The presence of reactive primary amines in the backbone structure of chitosan enables the derivatization with different functional groups and thereby improving and expanding its properties, such as solubility and mucoadhesiveness, for biomedical applications. In this work, chitosan was grafted with different sources of amino acids (Histidine, Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid, Glycine-Aspartic acid, and Glycine-Glutamic acid), Chitosan and its grafted amino acid derivatives were obtained in very good yield, and they were characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and the resulted spectra confirmed the right structures of chitosan and its different synthesized derivatives. The chitosan and its amino acid derivatives were converted to nanoparticles in size by subjecting them to the sonication method. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to determine the shape and size of the prepared polymeric nanoparticles and the average nanoparticle size counted by the Image-J program. The micrographs revealed that the nanoparticles with spherical shapes and with different sizes were gained, but in general, they are less than 100nm in diameters. In vitro cytotoxicity of chitosan and chitosan derivatives prepared NPs were determined as MTT assay, against different three types of human breast cancer cell lines which are BT cell lines, MCF-7 cell lines, and SKBR3 cell lines. The cell proliferation of each type of breast cancer cell line has appeared to a highly significant decrease (p<0.001), with all types of tested NPs polymers in comparison with the positive control samples, through different periods of the experiment (24, 48, and 72 hours).
Journal of Animal Health and Production, 2020
C ancer poses a significant threat to human life and health, and has been a leading cause of death in humans in recent years (Stewart and Wild, 2014). In the past half century, chemotherapy has greatly strengthened the treatment for cancer. Unfortunately, traditional chemotherapeutic agents lack selectivity in which tumor cells take up less than 0.1-1 % of the drugs, and the other 99% developing into healthy tissue (van der Veldt et al., 2010). The development of drug delivery systems that are successful and have therapeutic selectivity is therefore one of the main challenges facing chemotherapy today. The nanoparticle drug delivery system (NDDS) has recently gained significant interest and has evolved rapidly (Wohlfart et al., 2011). Such a drug delivery system has been engineered to achieve a higher partial drug concentration, reduce systemic toxicity, and maintain drug release. Nanoparticles can penetrate tumors by passive targeting research Article Abstract | Drug delivery systems including nanoparticles are used to enhance anticancer drugs therapeutic and pharmacological properties. A biodegradable polymer chitosan (CS) was used in this study for Doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. In Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumor, anticancer activity of these nanoparticles was investigated in-vivo. EAC bearing mice treated with free DOX revealed significantly increase in the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine compared with EAC bearing mice group. At the same time, the levels of BUN, creatinine and TNF-α in EAC bearing mice treated with doxorubicin capsulated chitosan nanoparticles (DOX-CNs) at dose (1-3 mg/kg) revealed significant declines when compared with EAC bearing mice treated with free DOX. The expression levels of miR-34a was found to be significantly up-regulated in DOX-treated mice accompanied by non-significantly change in the mRNA expression of renal Sirt1 compared with EAC-bearing mice group. The levels of miR-122 were nonsignificantly changed in renal tissue of EAC bearing mice given free DOX accompanied by significantly up-regulation in the expression levels of renal FOXO3 gene compared to EAC bearing mice and negative control groups. On the other hand, these levels were reversed in DOX capsulated chitosan nanoparticles treatment at dose (1mg/kg) but not at dose (2 or 3 mg/kg). The study reported the safety of administering DOX capsulated chitosan nanoparticles at dose (1mg/kg) and elicited anti-carcinogenic activity as compared with DOX itself.