The impact of assisted reproductive technologies on genomic imprinting and imprinting disorders (original) (raw)
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Fertility and Sterility, 2013
Objective: To evaluate the implications of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on neonatal birth weight. Design: A retrospective study using analysis of covariance and multiple logistic regression analysis of the Japanese ART registry. Setting: Japanese institutions providing ART treatment. Patient(s): A total of 25,777 singleton neonates reaching term gestation following ART during the years 2007-2008, with 11,374 achieved through fresh embryo transfers (fresh ET) and 14,403 achieved through frozen-thawed embryo transfers (FET). Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Birth weight. Result(s): The mean birth weight after FET was significantly higher compared with fresh ET and all Japanese births (3,100.7 AE 387.2 g, 3,009.8 AE 376.8 g, and 3,059.6 AE 369.6 g, respectively). The risk for low birth weight in FET was significantly lower compared with fresh ET. In fresh ET, ovarian stimulations were associated with about twofold risk of low birth weight compared with natural cycle. Regarding to the duration of embryonic culture, the risks resulting from a shorter culturing time were significantly higher compared with a longer culturing time in fresh ET. Conclusion(s): The best method of embryo transfer for fetal growth was FET after extended culturing until blastocyst stage. However, further investigations should be performed to understand the safety of ART treatment. (Fertil Steril Ò 2013;99:450-5. Ó2013 by American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Fetal growth and risk assessment: is there an impasse? POINT
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018
Fetal growth restriction is an indicator of placental insufficiency and is strongly associated with adverse perinatal outcome. There is a point that the recent dominance in the medical literature about which reference charts to use and dichotomization of fetal size at the 10th percentile overlooks the fact there is not a single cutoff in any growth chart that acts as an absolute divider between high and low risk for adverse outcome. Thus, the collective goal of all researchers to identify, monitor and effectively manage growth-restricted fetuses is better served by replacing dichotomisation of normal versus abnormal fetal growth at the 10 th percentile by interpretation of fetal size in context with other known parameters of fetal risk-all as continuous parameters. The use of prospective comprehensive datasets should facilitate better risk assessment for the individual fetus, to help direct effective and appropriate interventions. The counter argument is that the debate about which growth standard to use was necessary and has been settled through evidence that size, and therefore growth, need customized limits to allow adjustment for constitutional variation, and to help distinguish between normal and abnormal growth. Implementation of a more precise standard has led to better detection of fetuses that are at risk due to growth restriction, improved application of additional investigations, enhanced clinical confidence in management including timely delivery, and ultimately increased prevention of adverse outcomes.
International journal of nursing studies, 2010
Pregnancy conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) carries a higher risk of adverse birth outcomes. So far, there have been very few longitudinal studies of the growth of children born after ART. The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of growth of children born after ART. Using data of Wave I (6 months old) and II (18 months old) of the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study (TBCS), a national sample of 21,248 pairs of mothers and their children were included for analysis, including 366 pairs resulting from ART (1.7%). Data were collected through field interviews with structured questionnaires, and with references to each child's birth certificate and Passport of Well-baby Care. Compared to children born with naturally conceived pregnancy, children born after ART had a significantly higher incidences of low birth weight (33.1 vs. 6.9%; p<0.001) and prematurity (42.1 vs. 11.3%; p<0.001). Overall children born after ART had a similar trend of growth in body ...
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, 2017
Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate congenital malformations in infants conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART), compared with infants conceived spontaneously. Methods: In this study, available resources searched to find relevant articles included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ProQuest, Iranmedex, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database. After extracting the necessary information from evaluated articles, meta-analysis on the articles' data was performed using Stata version 11.2. Results: In this study, from a total of 339 articles, extracted from the initial investigation, ultimately 30 articles were selected for metaanalysis that assessed the use of ART on the risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications on 5 470 181 infants (315 402 cases and 5 154 779 controls). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for low birth weight was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.36 to 2.62), preterm labor 1.79 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.63), cardiac abnormalities 1.43 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.62), central nervous system abnormalities 1.36 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.70), urogenital system abnormalities 1.58 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.94), musculoskeletal disorders 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64), and chromosomal abnormalities in infants conceived by ART was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.44), which were all statistically significant, except chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusions: The risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications were significantly higher in ART than normal conception, while chromosomal abnormalities were not; therefore, the application of ART should be selected individually for patients by detailed assessment to reduce such risks in the population.
Adult Sequelae of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Seminars in Perinatology, 2008
Fetal intrauterine growth restriction has been associated with adult disease in both human epidemiologic studies and in animal models. In some cases, intrauterine deprivation programs the fetus to develop increased appetite and obesity, hypertension and diabetes as an adult. Although the mechanisms responsible for fetal programming remain poorly understood, both anatomic and functional (cell signaling) changes have been described in affected individuals. In some animal models, aspects of fetal programming can be reversed postnatally, however at the present time the best strategy for avoiding the adult consequences of fetal growth restriction is prevention. Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs in humans as a consequence of poor maternal nutrition, placental insufficiency and diminished fetal oxygenation, or exposure to teratogens, among other causes. In animals, and in some cases in humans, IUGR from these causes has been associated with the development of adult diseases; this phenomenon is called "fetal programming". The association of maladaptive programming with adult disease has been termed the "Barker hypothesis". In general, the Barker hypothesis 1 contends that the malnourished fetus is programmed to exhibit a "thrifty phenotype" with increased food intake and fat deposition and possibly decreased energy output. Faced with ample available calories, such individuals develop obesity and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome as adults due to alterations in homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. 2-4 The issue of fetal programming is not merely of intellectual interest. Currently, 65% of adults in the United States are overweight and almost one in three are obese (BMI>30 kg/m 2), representing a modern health crisis. 5 Obesity and its related diseases are the leading cause of death in Western society, with associated risks of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and breast, prostate and colon cancer. Evidence indicates a striking 25 to 63% of adult diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease can be attributed to the effects of low birthweight with accelerated newborn-to-adolescent weight gain. 2 therefore gestational programming of low birth weight/ IUGR has contributed importantly to the population shift towards obesity. In Western societies, the incidence of low birth weight infants has increased since the mid-twentieth century. Low birth weight infants are now being born to women with chronic diseases who would previously have had limited survival and reproductive capacity, while assisted reproductive technologies and increasing numbers of multiple gestations have resulted in both preterm and low birth weight offspring. When combined with improved
Intrauterine growth restriction and congenital malformations: a retrospective epidemiological study
Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2013
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) birth have been considered possible indicators of the presence of malformations. The aim of this study is to evaluate such relationships in a population of newborns, along with other epidemiological and auxological parameters, in particular the ponderal index (PI). We analyzed the birth data of 1093 infants, classified according to weight for gestational age as SGA, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or large for gestational age (LGA). The prevalence of malformations was analyzed in relation to weight percentile at birth and SGA birth, maternal smoking, pregnancy diseases and PI. Our analysis showed no significant relationship between the prevalence of malformations and SGA birth. Maternal smoking and pregnancy diseases were strongly related to SGA birth, but not to a higher prevalence of malformations. PI, however, had a significant relationship with a higher prevalence of malformations, if analyzed as either a continuous variable or a categorical variable (cutoff: &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 2.4). The association between congenital malformations and birth weight for gestational age seems to be weak. As part of diagnostic screening for malformations in the neonatal period, PI could be considered a better predictor of risk than weight percentile.
PloS one, 2017
The aim of this study was two-fold: to investigate the association of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and small newborn size, using standardized measures; and to examine within strata of fresh and cryopreserved embryos transfer, whether this association is influenced by parental infertility diagnoses. We used a population-based retrospective cohort from Michigan (2000-2009), Florida and Massachusetts (2000-2010). Our sample included 28,946 ART singletons conceived with non-donor oocytes and 4,263,846 non-ART singletons. Regression models were used to examine the association of ART and newborn size, measured as small for gestational age (SGA) and birth-weight-z-score, among four mutually exclusive infertility groups: female infertility only, male infertility only, combined female and male infertility, and unexplained infertility, stratified by fresh and cryopreserved embryos transfer. We found increased SGA odds among ART singletons from fresh embryos transfer compared with no...