Antimicrobial Susceptibility (original) (raw)
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Background: Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli have emerged as important pathogens and their isolation is increasing among hospital acquired infections. Many are innately resistant to most antibiotics and often multidrug resistant posing difficulty in treatment. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated from various clinical samples and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical samples over a 2-year period from July 2015 to June 2017. Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli were grown on Blood agar and MacConkey agar and identified by standard methods including gram staining, motility and appropriate biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and resistance pattern was studied. Results: A total of 323 Non-fermenting gram negative bacilli were isolated from 10819 samples with Pseudomonas being the most common species followed by Acinetobacter species. Pseudomonas species showed high resistance to Piperacillin-Tazobactum (60.6%). Acinetobacter species have shown higher resistance to Meropenem (42.1%) and Ceftazidime (73.7%). Conclusion: Acinetobacter species have emerged as highly resistant microorganisms causing infections especially in the Intensive Care Unit settings. However resistance to Colistin was not seen.
2016
Background: Non fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli (NFGNB) once considered as contaminants have now emerged as a major cause of life threatening nosocomial infections and as multidrug resistant pathogens. Aim: To isolate and identify the NFGNB and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and to detect the Extended Spectrum Betalactamases (ESBL) among the isolated non-fermenters. Materials and Methods: This Cross sectional study conducted in Medical College and Hospital for one year and samples collected like pus, urine, endotracheal aspirates, blood, sputum and body fluids were identified using standard protocol, which includes Grams staining, test for motility, catalase test, oxidase test, OF test and various biochemical reactions. Results: Out of 110 clinically significant isolates of non-fermenters, 54(49%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36(32.7%) Acinetobacter baumannii, 8(7.3%) Acinetobacter lwoffi, 6(5.4%) S.maltophilia and Pseudomonas stutzeri and Burkholderia cepecia 3(2.8%). The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern revealed maximum resistance to Gentamycin (61.8%), Cotrimoxazole (60%), followed by Ciprofloxacin(50.9%) and Cefotaxime(47.3%). Sensitivity to Polymyxin B (100%) followed by Imipenem and Meropenem (75.5%). ESBL production was 18.18%. Conclusion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common NFGNB isolated in this study. Difference in antimicrobial susceptibility by nonfermenters pose a great problem in treating these infections. ESBL production by these organisms lead to high morbidity and mortality.
International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies, 2020
Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread.
International Journal of Pharma Research and Health Sciences, 2014
Introduction: Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) can cause serious healthcare associated infections and are frequently resistant to multiple antibiotics. Identification of NFGNB and detecting their susceptibility pattern are important for proper management of infections caused by them. Material & Methods:A prospective study of 252 isolates of non-fermenters from various clinical specimens received in the Department of Microbiology was done over a period of two years (July 2004 to July 2006). Non-fermenters were identified by using a standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results:Among the 252 isolates, the majority of the non-fermenters were isolated from pus 124(49.20%), followed by sputum 50(19.84%), urine 32(12.69%), bronchial aspirate 23(9.12%), Pleural fluid 10(3.96%), Blood culture 3(1.19%), CSF 2(0.79%), the rest of the isolates were from other clinical specimens as indicated 8(3.17%). Out of 252 isolates, the most common isolates were from the genus Pseudomonas(210), among them predominant species being Pseudomonas aeruginosa (200), were isolated followed by P.stutzeri(08) and P.putida(02). From the genus Acinetobacter(41), among them A.baumanii(35) and A.lwoffii(06). Only one isolate was Stenotrophomonas maltophila(01). A high level of antibiotic resistance was recorded for most of the first and second line drugs. Imipenem, Piperacillin and Amikacin were the drugs with maximum activity. Conclusion:Non fermenter gram negative bacilli though regarded as contaminants are important bacteria causing wide range of nosocomial infections. Irrational use of powerful antibiotics for prolonged periods added to the compromised host conditions might be responsible for multi-drug resistance (MDR). Improved antibiotic usage and infection control measures will be needed to prevent or slow the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant NFGNB in the healthcare setting.
2020
Background: bacilli. They are ubiquitous in nature, inhabiting soil, water and also present in the hospital environment. NFGNB accounts for nearly 12 laboratory. The important members are cause various infections such as septicaemia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, surgical site infections and meningitis. susceptibility pattern of non Materials and Methods: July 2019 to and sensitivity in the department of Microbiology, JNIMS, Imphal. The non identified using standard methods and antimicrobial susceptibility test was perform the sensitivity pattern of the isolates. identified from various clinical samples processed during a period of 1 year. Pus (51.3%) was the commonest sample from which NFGNB were isolat catheter tip (5.5%), blood isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (57%) followed by Acinetobacterbaumannii (25%). The most effective drug in Conclusion: resistance pattern of carbapenems so as to establish strict antibiotic policies.
Journal of medical science and clinical research, 2019
Background: The present study was done to examine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of NFGNB. Introduction: Non Fermenter Gram Negative Bacilli were previously considered as Non-pathogenic or contaminants but in past few years they have become a serious threat to the society as the frequency of their isolation and resistance towards antimicrobial agents is increasing rapidly. They have developed resistance towards commonly used antimicrobial agents as well as towards higher class also. Material & Methods: This study was done on all clinical samples received for culture and sensitivity over a period of 6 months in department of Microbiology, NIMS Medical College, Jaipur. Samples were received and processed according to standard procedures and Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by using Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Result: From 674 bacterial isolates, 122 isolates (18.10%) were identified as NFGNB. Male population was highly affected by NFGNB as compared to female population. Pseudomonas species was commonly isolated followed by Acinetobacter species and Proteus species. Meropenem was most sensitive drug followed by Imipenem. Cephalosporins showed high resistance. Conclusion: Higher isolation rate of NFGNB seen in our study with high resistance towards first line antibiotics. Resistance towards Cephalosporins and Carbapenems indicates Beta-lactamases production by these organisms. So this study will be helpful in initiating proper empirical therapy of such patients, thus reducing the morbidity rate.
Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan : Publikasi Ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health crisis and threats in human life today. Multidrug-resistant is a condition obtained when bacteria are resistant to at least one of the agents of 3 or more antimicrobial categories. Cases of multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli infection continue to increase so that the use of standard antibiotics is non-susceptible leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to find out which antibiotics are still sensitive as empirical therapy. This retrospective descriptive research uses secondary data in the form of the status of patients infected with A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae at the Central Laboratory Installation of Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang during the period January 2020-June 2020. The samples in this study were all medical records of inpatients who met the inclusion criteria. Data is processed and analyzed univariately using Microsoft Excel 2020 and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26 to determine the frequency distribution of each variable studied. Prevalence of MDR gram-negative bacilli at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang was MDR A. baumannii (66.5%), MDR P. aeruginosa (34.6%), ESBL-E. coli (61.3%), CRE-E. coli (2.7%), ESBL-K. pneumoniae (51.7%) and CRE-K. pneumoniae (20.1%). Based on the inpatient room, prevalence of MDR gram-negative bacilli is found in intensive care compared to non-intensive care rooms. Based on specimen type, MDR gram-negative bacilli isolates are often found in all types of specimens namely sputum, blood, pus, swab, others. Based on sensitivity patterns, Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL isolates are sensitive to carbapenem, amikacin, tigecyclin and nitrofurantoin, while in CRE isolates are sensitive to tigecycline. MDR A. baumannii is sensitive to tigecycline and amikacin, but MDR P. aeruginosa is only sensitive to amikacin. The prevalence of MDR gram-negative bacilli is the highest in the intensive inpatient rooms and varies in specimen type. Antibiotics that are sensitive to the entire MDR gram negative bacilli is tigecycline, except MDR P. aeruginosa is sensitive to amikacin.
The MedS Alliance journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2022
INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial therapy is the main stone in treatment. Gram negative bacilli are common cause of sepsis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections in ICU patients. Their treatment becomes more challenging due to the evolution of multiple drug resistant strains. The findings of this study would be useful in the formation of effective diagnostic approaches and policy of antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of infections in a similar intensive care hospital setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Laboratory based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of clinical microbiology of the Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital based on the reports of 129 bacterial isolated of various clinical specimens from different ICUs of hospital between April 2018 to September 2018. RESULTS: Among the 129-gram bacilli isolated mono bacterial growth were 116(89.92%) while remaining 13(10.08%) had poly bacterial or mixed organisms isolated. The most frequently isolated organisms were Acinetobacter spp. 51(39.55%), Escherichia coli 25(19.37%), Klebsiella spp. 27(20.93%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 17(13.95%) and Enterobacter spp. 8(6.2%). Antibiotic resistance was observed in many organisms with multidrug resistance 97(75.2%) among them. High level of resistance was observed to Cefotaxime (98.04%), Ceftriaxone (96.08%), Imipenem (80.39%), Ampicillin/sulbactam (72.55%) and Amikacin (70.59%). Ciprofloxacin (68.63%), Levofloxacin (27.45%) and Meropenem (28.21%) were found to be relatively effective against Acinetobacter spp. Isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the frequently isolated organisms are multi drug resistant.
International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research, 2012
The present study was conducted to track down commonest gram negative bacilli along with their pattern of resistance to antibiotics from various clinical specimens, from patients admitted to intensive care unit. A total of 182 clinical specimens were analyzed using standard techniques. Out of 182 specimens 105 were culture positive, whereas the remaining 77 were culture negative. From 105 culture positive specimens 65 (61.90%) showed growth of gram negative bacilli, remaining 40 (38.09%) with growth of gram positive organisms. In this study E .coli was found to be the predominant isolate with 44.61% rate of isolation, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 15.38%, rate of isolation of Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter fruendii each accounting for 9.23%. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7.69%, Proteus vulgaris 3.07%, Acinetobacter species and Salmonella typhi accounted for 1.53 % each. To conclude, aerobic gram negative bacilli were predominant clinical isolates from patients admitted to intensive care unit. Amikacin and gentamicin were found to be effective antibiotics against gram negative bacilli in this particular setting.