Influence of photoperiod and temperature on reproductive mode in the Brine shrimp,Artemia franciscana (original) (raw)
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North-Western Journal of Zoology, 2017
Coupled effects of photoperiod, temperature and salinity on diapause induction were experimentally studied using a diploid clone of the parthenogenetic Artemia from Barkol Lake, Xinjiang, China. We conducted three experiments, each containing nine treatments (combinations of two of the above three factors, each with three levels). When photoperiod was set at 12L(light):12D(dark), combinations of salinity 70/140 ppt and temperature 19/23˚C led most females to produce diapaused offspring (resting eggs / cysts; percentage of diapaused broods being 81.60±32.51% [mean±SD; same below] to 99.28±3.48%). Under combinations of salinity 70/140 ppt and 27˚C most broods were nauplii (percentage of diapaused broods being 28.46±30.68% to 38.43±23.22%). When salinity was set to 70 ppt, treatment conditions of 19/23/27˚C + 6L:18D and 19/23˚C + 12L:12D induced high percentage of diapaused broods (72.11±36.42% to 100±0.00%). When temperature was set to 25˚C, overwhelming cyst production was only observed under 6L:18D + 70/140 ppt (percentage of diapaused broods being 83.33±23.57% to 93.86±14.10%). These results suggest that the modes of offspring production in the studied Artemia clone are strongly influenced by photoperiod and temperature and there is significant interaction between the two factors. Lower temperature and shorter daylight tend to induce production of resting eggs, and the effect of photoperiod may dominate over the effect of temperature. Though an interaction between salinity and photoperiod was detected, a sound tendency for the salinity effect could not be determined.
PLOS ONE, 2015
The effect of water temperature on biochemical composition, growth and reproduction of the ornamental shrimp, Neocaridina heteropoda heteropoda, was investigated to determine the optimum temperature for its culture. The effect of embryo incubation temperature on the subsequent performance of juveniles was also evaluated. Ovigerous females and recently hatched juveniles (JI) were maintained during egg incubation and for a 90-day period, respectively, at three temperatures (24, 28 and 32°C). Incubation period increased with decreasing water temperature, but the number and size of JI were similar among treatments. At day 30 of the 90-day period, body weight and growth increment (GI) at 24°C were lower than those at 28 and 32°C. On subsequent days, GI at 24°C exceeded that at 28 and 32°C, leading to a similar body weight among treatments. These results suggest growth was delayed at 24°C, but only for 30 days after hatching. The lipid concentration tended to be lowest, intermediate and highest at 28, 32 and 24°C, respectively, possibly as a consequence of the metabolic processes involved in growth and ovarian maturation. Protein and glycogen concentrations were similar among treatments. Both the growth trajectory and biochemical composition of shrimps were affected by the temperature experienced during the 90-day growth period independently of the embryo incubation temperature. During the growth period, shrimps reached sexual maturity and mated, with the highest proportion of ovigerous females occurring at 28°C. All the females that matured and mated at 32°C lost their eggs, indicating a potentially stressful effect of high temperature on ovarian maturation. Based on high survival and good growth performance of shrimps at the three temperatures tested over the 90-day period it is concluded that N. heteropoda heteropoda is tolerant to a wide range of water temperatures, with 28°C being the optimum temperature for its culture.
Marine Biology, 2005
Laboratory experiments on ovigerous females of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were used to assess the effects of temperature and food ration on female condition during incubation and examine how combined effects of temperature and female condition influenced egg survival, embryonic development, and larval characteristics. Ovigerous females were maintained at 2°C, 5°C, and 8°C and fed on a low (three times/week; 2-2.7% W/W) or high ration (five times/week at satiation). The increase in temperature accelerated the developmental time of the eggs but their survival at 8°C was reduced. Conversion efficiency of yolk reserves in developing embryos was significantly reduced at elevated temperatures and larvae hatching at 2°C and 5°C were significantly larger and heavier than those hatching at 8°C. The experimental design did not result in any effect of food ration on the energetic condition of females or on egg characteristics and their biochemical composition. However, lower energy reserves were observed for females held at 8°C.
Effects of Salinity on the Reproductive Cycle of Female Freshwater Shrimp, Palaemonetes argentinus
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2010
The South American shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus inhabits inland freshwater habitats such as lakes, rivers and streams, but also coastal brackish marshes and lagoons. Hence, this so-called ''freshwater'' shrimp is expected to be able to reproduce in a wide range of salinities. Here we examined effects of three salinities (1, 15, 25 ppt) on survival and reproductive cycle of females originating from two separate populations in Argentina: 1) Lake Chascomús (LC), a shallow inland lake with low and stable ionic concentrations; and 2) Vivoratá Creek (VC), a lotic stream draining into the adjacent brackish lagoon Mar Chiquita, where salinity is tide-dependent. After an observation period of four months, survival was generally high, without showing significant differences between salinities or populations. Ovarian maturation was measured on a scale ranging from ''empty'' ovaries (5 females with newly laid eggs) to fully developed ovaries (5 females ready to spawn). Most LC shrimps (. 80%) developed their ovaries again after an initial egg extrusion (beginning of the experiment) and produced new eggs at all tested salinities. In VC shrimps, ovarian maturation and egg deposition were successful in both the lowest and the highest salinity (1, 25 ppt), but developed ovaries were resorbed in most individuals at the intermediate salinity (15 ppt). Ovarian resorption was never observed at the highest salinity treatment, thus this phenomenon may have been provoked by unknown factors other than ionic concentration. At 15 and 25 ppt, the beginning of vitellogenesis started later and the total time to ovary maturation was longer than at 1 ppt, lengthening in both populations the time between consecutive spawning of eggs by nearly 10 days. Irrespective of the origin of a population, female P. argentinus survived and completed all reproductive events under a wide range of salinities, which supports the hypothesis that this species is in an early stage of evolutionary invasion of freshwater habitats.
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2012
The combined effects of temperature and salinity on hatching performance of three anostracan species, Phallocryptus spinosa, Branchinecta orientalis and Streptocephalus torvicornis from East and West Azerbaijan, Iran, were studied. The cysts were kept for 10 days at seven different temperatures (12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30°C) and four salinity conditions (0, 5, 10, and 15 gL -1 ), and the effects of the resulting 28 experimental conditions on hatching patterns (duration of pre-hatching period, hatching percentage at first day of hatching, cumulative hatching success) were examined. Results were tested by ANOVA and multiple regression was applied to generate contour models by polynomial equation. The hatching performance in all species was significantly affected by temperature and salinity. Based on contour plot analysis, maximum hatching for P. spinosa, B. orientalis and S. torvicornis cysts was registered at temperatures 19-25ºC, 18-23ºC and 16-20ºC, respectively, within the same salinity range of 0-1 gL -1 . The highest cumulative hatching success among the species was observed in P. spinosa at the combination of 24°C and 0gL -1 (88. 98%). No hatching was observed for eggs of S. torvicornis and B. orientalis incubated at lower (<15ºC) and higher (>27ºC) temperature, respectively. The pre-hatching period was prolonged with increase in salinity and decrease in temperature and was highest in P. spinosa (7.7 days at 12°C and 15 gL -1 salinity). High hatching success was observed over wide ranges of temperature and salinity in P. spinosa eggs which demonstrates one of the possible mechanisms responsible for the wide distribution of this species.
Aquaculture, 2010
The blue swimmer crab is a commercially important species of the tropical Indo-Pacific regions that shows substantial potential as a candidate species for aquaculture. Optimization of larval rearing conditions, including photoperiod, is therefore important to establish a method for the intensive hatchery culture of this species. Newly hatched larvae of P. pelagicus in first zoeal stage (ZI) were reared under five photoperiod regimes 0L: 24D, 6L: 18D, 12L: 12D, 18L: 6D, and 24L: 0D (5 replicates per treatment) till they metamorphosed to megalopae (ranged from 8.5±0.3 days (18L: 6D) to 10.8±1.8 days (0L: 24D) at 29±1ºC). Daily, larvae of each treatment were fed an identical diet of mixed rotifer and Artemia nauplii, and the survival and molt to successive stages was monitored. Newly hatched ZI larvae of P. pelagicus could successfully develop to the megalopal stage under all tested photoperiod conditions, but we detected significant differences in survival among treatments (p<0.05). The constant darkness treatment (0L: 24D) had the lowest (19.2±7.2%, mean±S.E.) cumulative survival from ZI to the megalopal stage, while the 18L: 6D treatment achieved the highest survival (51.2±23.6%). Similarly, the photoperiod significantly affected zoeal development. Constant darkness led to the longest cumulative zoeal duration (10.8±1.8 days), whereas the 18L: 6D treatment rendered the shortest larval development (8.5±0.3 days). In addition, larvae reared under constant darkness resulted in the smallest megalopae (carapace length=1.44±0.09 mm) and the lowest dry weight (0.536±0.188 mg). In conclusion, photoperiod significantly affected the survival, development, and growth of P. pelagicus zoeal larvae. Constant darkness led to the lowest larval survival and developmental rate, while a photoperiod regime of 18L: 6D appeared to be the most suitable condition for the rearing of zoeal larvae of P. pelagicus.
Fisheries Science, 2010
Effects of temperature and photoperiod on the reproductive activity of a reef associated tropical damselfish Chrysiptera cyanea were evaluated under three phases with different environmental patterns, phase I (April–May; increasing water temperature and photoperiod), phase II (June–July; increasing water temperature and peak/decreasing photoperiod), and phase III (August–September; peak/decreasing water temperature and decreasing photoperiod). When the fish were reared at 20, 25, or 30°C under natural photoperiod, the reproductive conditions differed within and among the phases depending on experimental temperature and environmental patterns. From phases I through III, ovaries with vitellogenic oocytes were notable only at 25°C, whereas regressing and immature oocytes were noticed at 20 and 30°C. The fish underwent active spawning at 25°C, whereas no or few spawnings were observed at other temperatures. In phase III, there was a resultant prevention of decrease in the gonadosomatic index and disappearance of vitellogenic oocytes in the ovaries of fish under a long photoperiod (LD14:10) compared to those under a short photoperiod (LD10:14). These results indicate that a long photoperiod with a suitable range of water temperature is a principal determinant in continuity of reproductive activity and performance, and that a high temperature has a negative impact on their ovarian development.