Zinc accumulation in plant species from a contaminated portuguese site (original) (raw)
Related papers
Zinc Accumulation in Plant Species Indigenous to a Portuguese Polluted Site
Journal of Environment Quality, 2007
The levels of zinc accumulated by roots, stems, and leaves of two plant species, Rubus ulmifolius and Phragmites australis, indigenous to the banks of a stream in a Portuguese contaminated site were investigated in field conditions. R. ulmifolius, a plant for which studies on phytoremediation potential are scarce, dominated on the right side of the stream, while P. australis proliferated on the other bank. Heterogeneous Zn concentrations were found along the banks of the stream. Zn accumulation in both species occurred mainly in the roots, with poor translocation to the aboveground sections. R. ulmifolius presented Zn levels in the roots ranging from 142 to 563 mg kg 21 , in the stems from 35 to 110 mg kg 21 , and in the leaves from 45 to 91 mg kg 21 , vs. average soil total Zn concentrations varying from 526 to 957 mg kg 21. P. australis showed Zn concentrations in the roots from 39 to 130 mg kg 21 , in the stems from 31 to 63 mg kg 21 , and in the leaves from 37 to 83 mg kg 21 , for the lower average soil total Zn levels of 138 to 452 mg kg 21 found on the banks where they proliferated. Positive correlations were found between the soil total, available and extractable Zn fractions, and metal accumulation in the roots and leaves of R. ulmifolius and in the roots and stems of P. australis. The use of R. ulmifolius and P. australis for phytoextraction purposes does not appear as an effective method of metal removing, but these native metal tolerant plant species may be used to reduce the effects of soil contamination, avoiding further Zn transfer to other environmental compartments.
The studies of zinc (Zn) concentrations in Woody and herbaceous plants in the region of Belgrade
Sustainable Forestry: Collection, 2014
These studies are aimed at the determination of load of the plant ecosystems with the heavy metal (Zn) and the accumulation of it in this area, so that based on the results, if necessary, the appropriate protection measures of this higly-valued area can be appplied. The woody species lime tree and Austrian pine at the plots 1 and 2 in these studies show deficiency or are on the verge of the deficiency. Based on the results, heavy metal zinc is not the adverse factor in the natural protected area "Avala".
Open Biological Sciences Journal, 2017
Background: Present study focused on the relationships of Zn concentrations between Centella asiatica (leaves, stems and roots) and their habitat topsoils. Methods & Materials: For leaves, it is found that Zn levels in the leaves significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with geochemical fractions of easily, freely, leachable or exchangeable (EFLE) (R= 0.94), acid-reducible (AR) (R= 0.63), oxidisable-organic (OO) (R= 0.85), resistant (R) (R= 0.79) and summation of all four fractions (SUM) (R= 0.83). For stems, it is found that Zn levels in the stems significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with AR (R= 0.73), R (R= 0.75) and SUM (R= 0.72). For roots, it is found that Zn levels in the roots significantly (P< 0.05) correlated with EFLE (R= 0.88), AR (R= 0.65), OO (R= 0.86), R (R= 0.77) and SUM (R= 0.82). Conclusion: These results indicated that the three parts of C. asiatica are able to reflect the Zn concentrations in the habitat topsoils. Based on ecological risk (Er) of the habitat topsoils, all samplings sites were categorized as 'Low potential ecological risk' according to Hakanson classification. Based on the positive significant relationships of Zn concentrations between plant parts and geochemical fractions of their habitat topsoils, present study indicated that C. asiatica can be used as biomonitoring plant of Zn polluted topsoils.
Cd AND Zn ACCUMULATION IN PLANTS FROM THE PADAENG ZINC MINE AREA
Significant cadmium (Cd) contamination In soil and rice has been discovered in Mae Sot, Tak province, Thailand where the rice-based agricultural systems are established in the vicinity of a zinc mine. The prolonged consumption of Cd contaminated rice has potential risks to public health and health impacts of Cd exposed populations in Mae Sot have been demonstrated. The Thai government has prohibited rice cultivation in the area as an effort to prevent further exposure. Phytoextraction, the use of plants to remove contaminants from soil, is a potential option to manage Cd–contaminated areas. However, successful phytoextraction depends on first identifying effective hyperaccumulator plants appropriate for local climatic conditions. Five sampling sites at Padaeng Zinc mine, Tak province were selected to collect plant and soil samples. Total Cd and Zn concentrations in sediments or soils were approximately 596 and 20,673 mg kg −1 in tailing pond area, 543 and 20,272 mg kg −1 in open pit area, 894 and 31,319 mg kg −1 in stockpile area, 1,458 and 57,012 mg kg −1 in forest area and 64 and 2,733 mg kg −1 in Cd contaminated rice field. Among a total of 36 plant species from 16 families, four species (Chromolaena odoratum, Gynura pseudochina, Impatiens violaeflora and Justicia procumbens) could be considered as Cd hyperaccumulators since their shoot Cd concentrations exceeded 100 mg Cd kg −1 dry mass and they showed a translocation factor > 1. Only Justicia procumbens could be considered as a Zn hyperaccumulator (Zn concentration in its shoot more than 10,000 mg Zn kg −1 dry mass with the translocation factor > 1).
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011
Phytoremediation is a promising alternative to conventional soil clean-up methods; however, up to date, there is still not enough information on plant species suitable for application in this field of science. Therefore, plant screening on contaminated sites can lead to the identification of further species of interest. In the present study, pedological and botanical characteristics of an industrialised area known for its metal contamination, in special with Zn-Esteiro de Estarreja, in Portugal-were examined in a 1-year screening. Twenty-seven species were found, with a higher occurrence and variability in the summer/spring season. Zinc levels in the tissues of the collected plant samples ranged from 34 mg kg −1 in shoots to 2,440 mg kg −1 in roots of different species. Species as Verbascum virgatum, Hypochoeris radicata, Phalaris arundinacea, Conyza bilbaoana, Paspalum urvillei and Aster squamatus have shown high Zn shoot accumulation and bioconcentration factors (BCF shoots > 1) and high metal translocation factors (TF>1). Others, namely Spergularia capillacea, excluded Zn from the shoot tissues and stored the metal at the root zone (BCF roots >1), behaving as tolerant plants. Plants were also screened for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonisation, and only few species showed mycorrhizal presence, namely C. bilbaoana, Hirschfeldia incana, Epilobium tetragonum, Conyza sumatrensis, Pteridium aquilinum, P. urvillei and A. squamatus. The present work showed important indigenous species that can cope with installed harsh conditions and with potential for utilisation in phytoremediation strategies, either through metal removal to aerial parts or through its immobilisation in the root zone.
THE SURVIVAL OF FOUR TROPICAL PLANTS ON SOILS ARTIFICIALLY POLLUTED WITH TOXIC LEVELS OF ZINC
The rise in the incidence of heavy metal pollution in soils has been linked to increased anthropogenic activities which include mining and smelting operations, industrialization, agricultural processes and disposal of heavy metal-containing compounds. Heavy metal polluted sites encourage the depletion of soil nutrients and productivity, erosion, desertification and the developments of brown field lands. Phytoremediation is a technique of reclaiming unproductive and polluted soils by the use of plants which can either hyperaccumulate the heavy metals from the soils to their shoots or convert the heavy metals to forms which are less available or less toxic to plants. This present study was aimed at screening for plants that can grow in soils artificially contaminated with toxic levels of zinc. Sida acuta, Axonopus compressus, Andropogon gayanus and Cyperus difformis were grown on soils polluted with 0, 1150 and 2300 mg Zn kg-1 soil for two weeks. The result showed that Sida acuta, Axonopus compressus and Andropogon gayanus tolerated the 1150 mg Zn kg-1 soil level while only the Axonopus compressus survived the 2300 mg Zn kg-1 soil level during the two weeks observation period. Our result reveals the great potential of using Axonopus compressus in reclaiming soils heavily polluted with zinc. Keywords: Phytostabilization, Phytoremediation, Zinc tolerance, Zinc pollution, Heavy metals, Axonopus compressus.
Cadmium and Zinc are differentially distributed inPopulus tremula x P. albaexposed to metal excess
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 2011
Poplar plants were exposed during 61 days to a soil added with heavy metals so as to contain 300 mg Zn2+.kg-1 soil dry weight (SDW) or 50 mg Cd2+.kg-1 SDW. The Cd treatment induced a delayed growth of poplar, whereas Zn induced no change in physiological parameters. Both treatments resulted in a significant metal accumulation in plants. Zn2+ and Cd2+ exhibited contrasting distribution within tissues, indicating dissimilar handling by the plant. The main difference was the efficient compartmentalization of Zn2+ in specific organ parts: old leaves and bark, while Cd2+ did not exhibit such a compartmentalization. Résumé: Des plants de peuplier ont été exposés durant 61 jours à un sol contaminé de manière à contenir 300 mg Zn2+.kg-1sol sec ou 50 mg Cd2+.kg-1 sol sec. Le traitement par Cd cause un retard de croissance alors qu'aucun changement dans les paramètres physiologique n'est observé suite à l'exposition au Zn. Les deux traitements entraînent une accumulation significative de métal dans la plante. Les distributions de Zn2+ et Cd2+ dans les tissus de la plante sont divergentes, indiquant que la plante les gère de manières différentes. Le Zn2+ se retrouve compartimenté dans des organes spécifiques : les feuilles âgées et l'écorce. La plante ne compartimentalise pas le Cd2+.
Phytoremediation of two types of sediment contaminated with Zn by Schoenoplectus americanus
International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2006
The effect of different sediments on growth, Zn uptake, Zn plant distribution, and morphometric variables of Schoenoplectus americanus were investigated under controlled conditions. Two types of sediments were assayed: from a large natural levee (LS) and alluvial sediments (AS), the former with lower organic matter (OM) and nutrients content than AS, without and with added Zn (2500 µg Zn/g air-dry sediment). Zinc partition in sediment was determined. Increases in water conductivity and Zn concentrations in water and sediments were observed in artificially contaminated treatments. Plants showed a lower aboveground growth rate, height, and width of shoots, and a higher Zn concentration in shoots and rhizomes. In the contaminated treatments, AS treatment showed lower Zn concentration in water and higher Zn concentration in sediments (total, exchangeable, and OM fractions) than LS treatment, due to Zn displacement from floodwater to sediments. The presence of a high level of OM and nutrients also increased aboveground biomass growth, whereas it decreased Zn concentration in shoots. Although the translocation factor increased with Zn addition, it was lower in AS treatment. Sediments of AS treatments are a suitable environment for growth of S. americanus, which partially compensates the toxic effects of Zn. Our results provide an encouraging basis for planning larger scale experiments to test the role of OM and nutrients in improving phytoremediation.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016
An experiment was carried out to determine if the presence of Typha domingensis affects the accumulation and speciation of high concentrations of Zn in sediments of aquatic systems. Reactors containing sediment and two plants of T. domingensis were disposed in triplicate. The treatments were: (1) 100 mg L-1 Zn (Zn100); (2) 500 mg L-1 Zn (Zn500) and (3) control, without Zn. The same treatments without plants were disposed. The experiment lasted 30 days. Zn was efficiently removed from water in all treatments (greater than 75 %). In Zn500 treatments, Zn removal was significantly high in vegetated reactors. Zn accumulation was significantly high in the superficial sediment layer (0-3 cm). T. domingensis influenced Zn accumulation and its distribution in sediments. The unvegetated sediment accumulated higher Zn concentrations than vegetated sediments. Zn was accumulated in less available fractions in unvegetated than vegetated sediments. Submerged parts of leaves accumulated higher Zn concentration than the other plant organs. Plants did not show toxic symptoms, so it could be assumed that they would continue taking up Zn. In the occasion of a dump of high Zinc concentration, constructed wetlands could retain it, minimizing the environmental impact. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the role of macrophytes in the sustainability of Zn retention in constructed wetlands.
2012
The efficacy of Paulownia tomentosa in the absorption and accumulation of Zn from contaminated soils has been recently described. However, no data are available regarding the modifications induced by high levels of Zn on the anatomy and physiology of this tree species. P. tomentosa were grown hydroponically at different Zn concentrations (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 5000 M). The plant growth and leaf gas exchange parameters (net CO 2 assimilation and stomatal conductance) were significantly reduced at high Zn concentrations. Electron and confocal microscopy analysis showed differences in the cellular ultrastructure between control and treated (above 2000 M) plants, which exhibited an accumulation of electron-dense materials. The major toxic effects of high Zn concentrations were related to damages to the cell functionality, i.e., the chloroplast ultrastructure, which negatively affected the photosynthetic performance, thus leading to a significant growth inhibition. P. tomentosa plants are able to limit Zninduced damages by activating effective mechanisms of Zn sequestration and accumulation of excess Zn in dedicated structures, such as petiole cell walls and root hairs, or by excluding part of the Zn in exudates located on the petiole surface.