Ultrasound assisted extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from dried cob of purple waxy corn using response surface methodology (original) (raw)
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Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2020
Ultrasound has been used to intensify the extraction of phenolic compounds from many agro-food products. However, there is still a lack of understanding on how the ultrasonic energy is influenced by blends of different solvents and how this impacts the extraction process. This work studied the effect of ethanol, acetone and hexane blends on the ultrasonic energy generated during the extraction of phenolic compounds from Mango peel, using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and a conventional solvent extraction (CSE). A simplex centroid mixture design and a special cubic regression model were used to evaluate the total phenolic compounds (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and ultrasonic intensity (UI) as a function of the solvents proportions. The greatest TPC was obtained with the ethanol-acetone blend (60-40%) for CSE (205.08 mg GAE/100 g DM) and UAE (1493.01 mg GAE/100 g DM). Likewise, an increase (avg. 630%) was observed in TPC when the ultrasound was applied for all solvents and their blends. The TPC showed a good correlation (R 2 =0.81) with the UD, with higher UD resulting in larger amounts of TPC extracted. Nevertheless, for the ethanol-acetone blend there was a decrease of 14.2% of the AA for the UAE, which could be due to the sonochemical reactions taking place at the high UD achieved for that blend. The results of this work indicate that the solvent composition and use of ultrasound should be carefully selected to achieve the desired extraction objectives.
A Dynamic Model for Ultrasonic – assisted Extraction of Bio-active Compounds from Natural Products
ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013
Ultrasonic technique has been applied for extraction processes, especially for separation of bio-active substances from natural organic products because of the short time requirement, energy saving and easy operating. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) therefore becomes a promising option. However, a major available obstacle was the lack of appropriate models for designing technological process. This paper presents a dynamic model for the UE process, application of separation of bio-active substances from natural products such as Curcumin from rhizome of Curcuma Longa L., Epigallocatechin from green tea leaf of Camellia Sinensis and Rutin from bud of Sophora Japonica. The agreement between data from experiment and calculated ones with the model indicates that, this dynamic model is suitable for prediction of the UE process and for serving as the base for further investigation into scale-up the extraction process.
Antioxidants, 2020
Orange byproduct (flavedo and albedo) from juice extraction, was used as raw material for this study. Kinetics of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was experimentally determined during both conventional (agitation at 80 rpm) and ultrasound assisted (at 520 and 790 W/L) aqueous extraction from orange byproduct at 5, 15, and 25 • C. An extraction mathematical model was also developed. Significant increase of biocompounds extraction yields was observed as temperature and acoustic power density increased. Ultrasound assistance allowed higher yields at lower temperatures and shorter times. Yields of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity obtained with ultrasound extraction (790 W/L, 25 • C, 3 min) were 29%, 39%, and 197% higher, respectively, than those obtained by conventional extraction. The extraction kinetics curves were properly represented by the Weibull model for both conventional and acoustic extraction (mean relative error lower than 5%). Naringin, neohesperidin, and hesperidin were the main phenolic compounds found in the extracts, followed by ferulic, sinapic, and cuomaric acids. Neohesperidin, hesperidin, coumaric acid, and sinapic acid presented the highest yields, especially when extraction was assisted by ultrasound. Meanwhile, naringin and ferulic acid were extracted in a lesser extent, most likely due to their lipophilic character.
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Plant-based materials are an important source of bioactive compounds (BC) with interesting industrial applications. Therefore, adequate experimental strategies for maximizing their recovery yield are required. Among all procedures for extracting BC (maceration, Soxhlet, hydro-distillation, pulsed-electric field, enzyme, microwave, high hydrostatic pressure, and supercritical fluids), the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) highlighted as an advanced, cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative for recovering BC (polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids) from plant sources with higher yields. However, the UAE efficiency is influenced by several factors, including operational variables and extraction process (frequency, amplitude, ultrasonic power, pulse cycle, type of solvent, extraction time, solvent-to-solid ratio, pH, particle size, and temperature) that exert an impact on the molecular structures of targeted molecules, leading to variations in their b...
The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences
King's ruby is a seedless variety of grapes grown in the Phothohar region of Pakistan. In the present study, nutritional value of King's ruby grapes was determined and extraction conditions were optimized using response surface central composite rotatable design of RSM using three variables at five levels. To get maximum yield of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content, the best combination of time of extraction, temperature of extraction and solvent concentration was determined. The process variable of time has the maximum effect on the functional components of extraction. The optimized condition for all the three parameters extract yield, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was found to be 22.05 min time, 50.3°C and 46.7 % ethanol concentration. The experimental result showed 4.84 mg/100g extract yield, 1.98 mg GAE/g phenolic content and 4.92 mg QEQ/g flavonoid content that is as per with predicted values. It is concluded that flavonoid content can be extracted efficiently using ultrasonic extraction that has a potential to be used as nutraceutical food ingredient. Ultrasonic extraction can efficiently extract bioactive components at low temperature and short period of time with maximum recovery.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
Bioactive compounds are of considerable interest due to their antioxidant properties and potential bene cial health effects. Thus, this study aimed to optimize and model the ultrasound-assisted extraction process (UAE) of response variables total anthocyanins (TA) and total phenolic content (TPC) from raspberries, and to compare the optimized extraction process with the conventional one. The variables used were time (5 to 75 min), temperature (30 to 70°C), and solid: liquid ratio (1:5 to 1:15 m/v), applied to the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The optimal condition of the UAE process occurs at a temperature of 70°C and a solid: liquid ratio of 1:12.5 m/v, for both response variables. The optimal time for extraction of TA occurs in 22.5 min predicting the content of 23.181 mg/100 g of the fruit and for TPC occurs in 57.5 min predicting the content of 156.30 mg GAE/100 g of the fruit. On validation of the optimized conditions, less than a 5% difference ware found between the predicted and experimental values (24,131 mg/100 g of fruit for TA, and 149.226 mg GAE/100 g of fruit for TPC). When comparing the optimized UAE with the conventional extraction, it wares observed that UAE increased (p < 0.05) the extraction of TA content by 18.28% and TPC by 28.88%. The process time reduction from 24h in conventional extraction to less than 1h in optimized UAE stands out. Thus, the study indicates that the UAE process is an e cient methodology for recovering bioactive compounds from raspberries.
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2013
Coffee silverskin (CSS) has various nutritional and functional properties, enabling it for valuable applications. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is an efficient and economic extraction technique. In this research, UAE was employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from CSS with water and methanol-water mixture as solvent. Extraction efficacy between the UAE-treated extracts and the UAE-untreated (control) was assessed in terms of the total phenolic content (TPC), caffeine content, chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and antioxidant capacities. The yields of TPC were in the range from 5.80 ± 0.06 to 8.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g sample. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity were highly enhanced by applying UAE compared to the controls. Noticeable caffeine content in the range from 3.27 ± 0.10 to 4.29 ± 0.01 g/100 g sample was found in the CSS samples. CGAs (3-CGA, 4-CGA, and 5-CGA) were all quantified. Methanol-water extracts showed significantly (p < .05) higher TPC, caffeine content, and antioxidant capacity than water extracts. The micro-structure investigation of CSS indicated UAE can cause cell disruption and micro cracks so that it can be an effective extraction technique. Peleg's model showed a good fitting (R 2 > 0.94) to the experimental results on the kinetics of UAE of phenolics compounds. Practical applications Coffee is a most consumed beverage internationally. Due to its great production, large quantities of residues including coffee pulp and husk, coffee silver skin, and spent coffee grounds are generated in the coffee industry. Among them, coffee silverskin (CSS) is a by-product during the coffee roasting process, which contains nutritional and functional properties. As an efficient and economic novel extraction technique, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed in the current study to extract bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin with water and methanolwater mixture as solvent in order to overcome various disadvantages encountered by the conventional extraction methods. Results indicated that application of UAE pretreatment showed significantly higher recovery of phenolic compounds compared to the controls and high ultrasound intensity (38 W/cm 2) was more effective in recovering polyphenols compared to 5 W/cm 2 ultrasonic treatments. Therefore, results from the current study provide useful and practical information for the coffee industry.
Advances in ultrasound assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from cash crops – A review
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2018
Bioactive compounds in cash crops can be obtained from horticulture, oil and medicinal crops sources. Conventional extraction methods have disadvantages such as low extraction rate, large solvent consumption, high energy consumption and long production cycle. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction is a novel, green and rapid developing technology, which is suitable for up scaling and improving the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds. Ultrasound mainly acts by producing cavitation bubbles in biological matrix. It has inclusively been reported for achieving high yields and extraction rates of bioactive compounds. Moreover, it can bring remarkable economic and environmental benefits, and has great potential for development and application. This review summarizes the mechanisms, effects of ultrasonic-assisted extraction, ultrasonic devices, and their application in bioactive compounds extraction from cash crops. The future perspective of ultrasound technology is also discussed, which will help to better understand the complex mechanism of ultrasonic-assisted extraction and further guide its application in cash crops.
Foods
Valorization of an artichoke by-product, rich in bioactive compounds, by ultrasound-assisted extraction, is proposed. The extraction yield curves of total phenolic content (TPC) and chlorogenic acid content (CAC) in 20% ethanol (v/v) with agitation (100 rpm) and ultrasound (200 and 335 W/L) were determined at 25, 40, and 60 °C. A mathematical model considering simultaneous diffusion and convection is proposed to simulate the extraction curves and to quantify both temperature and ultrasound power density effects in terms of the model parameters variation. The effective diffusion coefficient exhibited temperature dependence (72% increase for TPC from 25 °C to 60 °C), whereas the external mass transfer coefficient and the equilibrium extraction yield depended on both temperature (72% and 90% increases for TPC from 25 to 60 °C) and ultrasound power density (26 and 51% increases for TPC from 0 (agitation) to 335 W/L). The model allowed the accurate curves simulation, the average mean rel...
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, 2019
Background. Chokeberry pomace is a valuable by-product of fruit processing because of its high levels of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. The study was aimed to optimise chokeberry pomace extraction of total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity using response surface methodology. Material and methods. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effect of the concentration of ethanol (in the range of 60-96%) and sonication time (from 10 to 30 min) as independent variables on total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin content as the response functions. Results. The results showed that ethanol concentration, but not sonication time, had a significant influence on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content. The optimal extraction conditions for total phenolic content (188.5 mg GAE/g DM) and antioxidant capacity (49.2 mM Tr/100 g DM) were 60% ethanol and 20 min sonication time. The optimal conditions in the case of total anthocyanin content (89.3 mg C3GE/g) were an 65% ethanol concentration and 13 min sonication time. Conclusion. The development of optimal extraction parameters should allow food producers to use efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology to isolate biologically active molecules from chokeberry pomace, while the selected extract could be a component of health-promoting bioactive products.