Comparison of automated grading of digital orthodontic models and hand grading of 3-dimensionally printed models (original) (raw)
Related papers
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2008
The American Board of Orthodontics' objective grading system (ABO OGS) is currently the gold standard for evaluating plaster casts of completed orthodontic cases. Methods: Thirty-six cases of finished orthodontic casts in plaster and digital form were scored by using 2 methods: an electronic version of the ABO OGS designed to be used with digital casts (OrthoCAD, Cadent, Fairview, NJ) and the ABO gauge designed to be used with plaster casts. The 2 scoring methods were compared using descriptive analysis (range, absolute mean difference, and standard deviation), the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: Intraexaminer reliability was high for both the plaster and the digital casts (r ϭ 0.998). A statistically significant difference (P Ͻ.001) was found when comparing the total ABO scores from the plaster and digital casts. The scores from digital casts exceeded the scores from plaster casts by an average of 9.0 Ϯ 5.4 points. This difference was due to statistically significant differences in 3 ABO OGS components: alignment, occlusal contact, and overjet. Conclusions: The results indicate that this computer version of the ABO OGS cannot be used as a substitute for manual grading with the ABO ruler. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008;133:283-9) a Private practice, Dallas, Tex. b Associate professor
Eur J Orthod, 2022
Background: There are little scientific data on fully automated Peer Assessment Rating (PAR); this study compares a number of PAR scoring methods to assess their reliability. Objectives: This investigation evaluated PAR scores of plaster, 3D printed, and virtual digital models scored by specialist orthodontists, dental auxiliaries, undergraduate dental students,and using a fully automated method. Materials and methods: Twelve calibrated assessors determined the PAR score of a typodont and this score was used as the gold standard. Measurements derived from a plaster model, a 3D printed model, and a digital model, were compared. A total of 120 practitioners (specialist orthodontists, dental auxiliaries, and undergraduate dental students, n = 40 each) scored the models (n = 10) per group. The digital models were scored twice, using OnyxCeph (OnyxCeph) and OrthoAnalyzer (3Shape). The fully automated PAR scoring was performed with Model+ (Carestream Dental). Results: Neither type of model (P = 0.077), practitioner category (P = 0.332), nor interaction between the two (P = 0.728) showed a statistically significant effect on PAR scoring. The mean PAR score and standard deviation were comparable for all models and groups except the automated group, where the standard deviation was the smallest (SD = 0). Overall, the greatest variation was observed for weighted overjet and contact point displacements. Conclusions: PAR scoring using plaster, 3D printed, and digital study models by orthodontists, dental auxiliaries, dental students, and a fully automated method produced very similar results and can hence be considered equivalent. Automated measurements improve repeatability compared with all groups of practitioners, but this did not reach the significance level.
Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica
Objective: To evaluate the potential use of digital and reconstructed three-dimensional printed models as an alternative to conventional plaster models by assessing the accuracy of their linear measurements. Methodology: Pre-treatment plaster models of 45 patients were selected from the archives of the Department of Orthodontics. Each physical plaster model was scanned and digitized using a three-dimensional (3D) laser surface scanning system (inEOS X5, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany). The scanned STL files were later used to reconstruct models by 3D printing using Figure4® standalone 3D printer (3D systems, Rock Hill, South Carolina). Measurements of teeth 11 and 16, the transverse width of the upper jaw between the first molars (MM - intermolar width) and canines (CC - intercanine width) were done manually using a digital vernier caliper (Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan), and the CAD Assistant software (Open cascade, Guyancourt, France). Intra examiner data, Intraobserver variabilit...
American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2005
In 1999, after 3 years of field testing, the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) implemented a grading system for posttreatment orthodontic models and panoramic radiographs, to make the phase III examination both fair and objective. In the ABO's objective grading system, 7 occlusal criteria (tooth alignment, vertical positioning of marginal ridges, buccolingual inclination of posterior teeth, occlusal relationship, occlusal contacts, overjet, and interproximal contacts) are measured on plaster models to assess a patient's final occlusion. To date, no study has evaluated the ABO grading system for use on digital models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital models can be used with reasonable accuracy and reliability for assessing patients' final occlusions. Methods: Plaster and digital (OrthoCAD, Cadent Inc, Carlstadt, NJ) posttreatment models of 24 patients were gathered from the postgraduate orthodontic clinic at Columbia University School of Dental and Oral Surgery. The plaster models were scored by using the ABO measuring gauge and the 7 criteria of the ABO grading system. A second analysis was done on the digital models. To determine interexaminer error, a fourth-year dental student at Columbia University served as a second examiner and repeated all the analyses. Results: The means of the total score and those for marginal ridges, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, overjet, and interproximal contacts were not significantly different between plaster and digital models. However, the means for alignment and buccolingual inclination were significantly different. In addition, the scorings of 2 examiners differed for the 2 methods. Conclusions: This finding suggests that alignment and buccolingual inclination should be reevaluated with both methods, and adequate calibration of the examiners is essential to achieve repeatability in both methods. Digital models might be acceptable for use in the ABO model examination. (Am
The Journal of dentists, 2017
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the reliability and accuracy of diagnostic measurements performed using two different three-dimensional (3D) digital orthodontic model software systems. Materials and Methods: The dental casts of 20 patients with permanent dentition were selected and scanned with an orthodontic 3D scanner (3Shape R700, Copenhagen, Denmark). Two different digital model software programs, Orthomodel (v.1.01, Orthomodel Inc., Istanbul, Turkey) and O3DM (v.2.0, O3DM Thunoegade, Aarhus C, Denmark) were used for diagnostic measurements including tooth width, Bolton discrepancies, intermolar and intercanine distances. A total of 34 measurements were calculated on each digital model. All measurements were repeated by the same observer over 10 randomly selected dental casts at least two weeks later for intraobserver reliability. Results were analyzed statistically. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the differences between the measurements obtained with both softwares. The intraobserver reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha test. Results: Cronbach's alpha value indicated a very high level of reliability for all measurements. Orthomodel and O3DM software programs showed significant differences in the mesiodistal widths of some teeth and the sum of maxillary 6 teeth widths (p<0.05), but not in the Bolton ratios and transverse arch width measurements. Conclusions: Both digital model softwares demonstrated clinically acceptable measurements despite of the differences in some measurements essential for diagnosis and treatment planning.
A System for Measurements of 3D Scanned Orthodontic Study Models
Contemporary materials, 2017
Plaster dental casts represent an important item in the process of diagnosis, therapy planning and documenting, both in orthodontics, as well as other areas of dentistry. Dental casts allow us to track occlusal contacts before the therapy as well as the changes during the growth and therapy. Although they do possess many positive features, due to the rapid advancements in technology, their negative sides have became more prominent leading to the more widespread use of digital 3D models as their replacement. In this paper, we present a web based system that allows us, after the casts have been scanned, to produce easily usable digital models, to store them and perform measurements on them. Performed measurements are suitable for futher processing and analysis.
Three-dimensional imaging of orthodontic models: a pilot study
The European Journal of Orthodontics, 2007
Computer-based digital orthodontic models have been developed that have the potential to replace dental casts. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy and reproducibility of measurements made on digital models. Ten sets of orthodontic study models were scanned using the Arius3D Foundation System and three-dimensional (3D) images were produced by computer software. Two examiners individually measured 11 parameters on the conventional casts and the digital models on two occasions. The parameters included mesio-distal crown diameter, intercanine and intermolar width, arch length, overjet, and incisor crown height. The measurement techniques were compared using paired t-tests, the coeffi cient of reliability, and by calculating mean values and the difference between methods. When comparing measurements made on digital models with those on dental casts, systematic errors were detected for fi ve of the 11 parameters at the 10 per cent level. Random errors were a cause of concern for measurements of three parameters. The most accurate and reproducible measurements were lower intercanine width (mean difference between measurements 0.05 ± 0.32 mm) and overjet (mean difference 0.07 ± 0.33 mm). Most parameters on the digital models can be reliably measured, and digital models can potentially eliminate the requirement for the production and storage of dental casts, but this will depend on cost.
F1000Research, 2021
Background: Due to advances in digital technology, it is possible to obtain digital dental models through intraoral scanning. The stereolithographic data collected from the scanner can subsequently be printed into a three-dimensional dental model in resinic material. However, the accuracy between digital dental models and printed dental models needs to be evaluated since it might affect diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital models scanned by a Trios intraoral scanner and three-dimensional dental models printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer in linear measurements and Bolton analysis. Methods: A total of 35 subjects were included in this study. All subjects were scanned using a Trios intraoral scanner to obtain digital study models. Stereolithographic data from previous scanning was printed using a Formlabs 2 3D printer to obtain printed study models. Mesiodistal, intercanine, intermolar, and Bolton analysis fro...
The advanced model definition and analysis of orthodontic parameters on 3D digital models
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
Introduction/Objective. Digital 3D modeling is slowly becoming an everyday orthodontic practice, and after two decades of research and development it is a basic element of e-orthodontics. The aim of this study was development and use of geometric entities on 3D digital models for diagnosing, planning and monitoring of orthodontic therapy, by using CAD (computer aided design) systems. Methods. Statistical analysis and synthesis of 54 orthodontic parameters (28 in the upper and 26 in the lower jaw), defining three hypotheses and their testing, the application of the t-test. Results. All three hypotheses are confirmed, convenience of using geometric entities, higher accuracy of 3D digital models, and more substantial displacement of teeth in the first six months of therapy (Student?s t-test). After the first six months, distances in the x?y plane (occlusal plane) were bigger in both the upper and the lower jaw; additionally, the distances in the y?z plane (medial plane) decreased on th...