Lipid derangement and cardiovascular risk in female patients with major depressive disorder (original) (raw)
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Introduction: Depression is known to mankind since many years. The World Health Organization has ranked depression fourth in a list most urgent health issues worldwide (1). It is projected that depression will be second largest killer disease after heart disease by 2020 and second major leading cause of Disability Adjusted Life Years(DALYS) (1). Etiology of depression, among mood disorders is although most frequently studied, yet it is far away from ideally understood. Increased activity in the Hypothalamo-pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis leads to depression and it is viewed as the "most vulnerable finding in biological psychiatry". Depression leads to state of constant stress and which usually leads to activation of HPA axis this in turn may lead to metabolic disturbances (8). The correlation between the serum lipids and depression is debatable. Many attempts have been done to find out the correlation of hypercholesterolemia with depression. Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with significant changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Depression leads to a state of constant stress and it leads to activation of HPA axis which in turn leads to metabolic disturbances, like dyslipidemias. Correlation of serum lipids with depression is debatable, so this study is to evaluate serum lipid profile in women newly diagnosed with depression compared with age matched healthy women. Materials and Methods: Two groups of subjects group 1(cases) includes females in the age group of 18-50 years newly diagnosed with depression and group 2 (controls) includes normal healthy females in the age group of 18-50 years. Blood samples were collected from both the groups separated serum was used for the estimation of lipid profie (total cholesterol,TG,LDL,VLDL,HDL) by using semi auto analyser.
A controlled study of serum lipid profiles in Indian patients with depressive episode
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2014
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological and clinical intervention data indicate that low levels of circulating lipids and cholesterol are risk factors for depressive symptoms. An association of low cholesterol and an act of self-harm has also been described. [1,2] Previous studies show that, subjects treated for prevention of coronary artery disease with low levels of serum cholesterol have high mortality due to suicides, accidents and homicidal violence compared with control group. [3,4] However, two large population based study from Finland had findings contrary to that of above studies, i.e., subjects having high cholesterol were having depressive symptoms. [5,6] Low serum cholesterol was associated with low mood and increased risk of hospitalization due to depressive illness. [7,8] Total serum cholesterol has been highly significantly synchronized with the annual rhythms in violent suicide deaths. There were significant inverse time-relationships between the time series of violent suicide rate and L-tryptophan, total cholesterol (TC), CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio and number of CD20+ B cells. [9] Men whose serum cholesterol concentration decreased by more than 0.13 mmol/l a year had multivariate adjusted relative risk of 2.17 for suicide compared with those whose cholesterol remained stable. [10] Other studies found no significant differences in lipid concentrations of triglyceride (TG), TC, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) among the depressed and non-depressed groups. [11,12] In a study on depressed patients in a psychiatric inpatient unit, no correlation was found between serum cholesterol levels and depression. [13] A 5 year intervention program aimed at reducing cholesterol levels reported improvement in hostility and depression scores in relation to dietary changes and lowering cholesterol. [14] Above findings, show that the relation between cholesterol and depression is complex, which requires further exploration. The above studies also suffered from methodological lacunae such as heterogeneity in Background: Lower levels of circulating lipid fractions and cholesterol are risk factors for impulsivity and depressive disorder. A lower level of serum cholesterol is also associated with patients presenting with history of self-harm. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 depressive patients and 30 healthy matched control subjects were recruited from the department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital. We measured serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels of both patient and control group. Results: The serum TC and LDL-cholesterol levels were found to be significantly lower in study group than that of control group. Conclusion: Lower levels of serum cholesterol are associated with depressive disorder.
MGM Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Aim: Prior research has shown that particular types of mental states contribute to one's risk for depression, and that abnormal blood lipid levels can be associated with the manifestation of mood dysfunction. The role of lipid metabolism in the pathophysiology of depressive behavior has received particular attention recently. As depressive disorders vary in regard to etiology and diagnostic marker, the present study aimed to explore any lipid-profile disparity among the sample of depressive patient groups visiting a clinic for treatment. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 80 patients diagnosed with three types of depressive disorders-endogenous, reactive, and dysthymic types. Groups were tried to match according to age, gender, and education. Results: The demographical difference between marital status and economic status revealed among patients. The present study reveals the difference among serum lipid levels among groups in regard to LDL cholesterol (lipoproteins of low-density). Further after adjusting the confounding factors such as age and BMI, the ratio of HDL (lipoproteins of high-density)/cholesterol and also the ratio of LDL/HDL were found to be significantly different among the groups. Conclusion: The present study shows the difference in lipid profile such as LDL cholesterol, HDL/cholesterol, and HDL/LDL ratios among psychogenic, reactive, and dysthymic groups. The psychogenic group reflects lower LDL and lower LDL/cholesterol, HDL/cholesterol ratios while compared to others. Clinical significance: This study highlights how the lipid profile can act as a biological marker in distinguishing depression subgroups and assessing associated cardiovascular risks.
The Link Between Lipidic Profile, Depression and Cardiovascular Disease
The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia", 2023
The purpose of this study was to identify the connection between cardiovascular disease and depression taking lipid profile as a common risk factor in the occurrence of both pathologies. Materials and methods: 100 patients were examined for 3 months, admitted to the internal medicine department of St. Andrew's Emergency Hospital in Galati. Anamnesis was collected; electrocardiogram, objective examination and lipid profile were performed. The Hamilton scale (HDRS-17) was used to assess depression. Results: In patients with depression, an increased prevalence of dyslipidaemia and obesity was detected, especially in women. Of 10 women with mild and severe depression, all had altered lipid profile, obesity or overweight and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: Although it is claimed that depression would be an individual risk factor for the occurrence of an adverse cardiac event, the comprehensive pathophysiological approach allows the identification of risk factors for both CVD and depression as being largely common. Therefore, a coexistence relationship is created. The other possible situations may arise due to the involvement of individual protective factors and genetic vulnerability. As a result, treatment of depression may reduce risk of cardiovascular event in some cases.
Association of serum lipid levels with depression
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction and Objectives: Depression is a type of mood disorder. It is considered as one among the major health problems worldwide as it is highly prevalent in general population and leads to significant loss of quality of life and social functioning in the affected individual. It has been postulated that changes in the cholesterol content of the synaptosomal membrane leads to decrease in the number of serotonin receptors due to decrease in cholesterol concentration leading to depression. Nevertheless, there are contradictory opinions about the association of serum lipid levels and depression. Thus, the present study was undertaken to study the association of serum lipid levels with depression. Materials and Methods: A case control study was conducted including 100 age and sex matched diagnosed cases of depression and 100 age and sex matched healthy individuals as controls. In all the subjects, serum levels of triglycerides (TG) was estimated by GPO-PAP method, total cholesterol (TC) by CHOD-PAP method, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) by direct assay and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) by CHOD-PAP method. Results were expressed as mean SD. Student’s independent t-test was used for comparing the means of two groups. Relationship between parameters was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient by using SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) software version 19. For all the tests, the probability value (p-value) of less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: Serum levels of TC were significantly lower in cases of depression compared to controls and found no difference with TG, LDL-C and HDL-C levels. We also observed from the results that, there was a negative correlation between TG, TC, LDL-C and HRSD scores which was found to be highly significant statistically. Conclusion: In conclusion, serum TC level was significantly lower in depression cases compared to controls and also has high negative correlation with HRSD score. Thus, the patients with low serum cholesterol levels should be screened for depression and further studies may establish serum cholesterol as a new biological marker for depression.
Association between major depressive disorder and serum cholesterol level
Arak Medical University Journal, 2007
Nowadays, depression is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders and is a prevalent mood disorder. Recently researches about depression etiology, show that in addition to different neurotransmitters and life events, internal stressors such as serum cholesterol, triglyceride and some coagulation factors can have an effect. This study was focused on the relationship between major depressive disorder and serum cholesterol level.
Serum lipids : new biological markers in depression ?
Indian journal of psychiatry, 1998
Several studies suggest that a low cholesterol concentration is associated with depression. The authors sought to determine whether an association exists between serum lipid concentrations and depression. 28 drug-naive patients of major depression diagnosed according to DSMlll- R criteria were included in the study and severity of depression was measured on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Suicidal intent was assessed on Suicidal Intent Questionnaire. 28 normal healthy controls were selected and matched for age, sex and body-mass index with the depressives. Serum lipid estimations were done in each subject after 12 hours overnight fasting. The main finding of the study is that total serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum LDL cholesterol are decreased while serum HDL cholesterol is increased in depression and these changes were more marked in depressed subjects with definite suicidal intent. On regression analysis, total serum cholesterol was the most important predict...
Status of Serum Lipids in Individuals with Depression
Annals of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 2016
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have shown the association between depressive illness with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Serum lipid abnormality is one of the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to access the status of serum lipid in individuals with depression.
A Review on Correlation Between Lipid Profile and Depression
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare
Epidemiological and clinical intervention data indicate that low levels of circulating lipids and cholesterol are the risk factors for depressive symptoms. Olie et al 2011 (1) showed an association of low cholesterol and self-harm in their study. In the present scenario, depression and anxiety disorders have high prevalence rates and are frequently related. Understanding the subject and concepts/mechanisms related to neurobiological basis for these disorders is very important and the available techniques or methods are ineffective. Lipids generally play an important role in neural function in the brain. The composition of lipid of the brain influences perception, mood and behaviour. Lipids are responsible to regulate the membrane's function which acts as a barrier between the intracellular and extracellular spaces. It is found that membrane lipids determine the local behaviour and characterisation and function of proteins within the membrane. It is found from the literature that lipids can influence both exo-and endocytic processes and work within the membrane as second messengers. This paper discusses some important case studies related to the correlation between lipid profile and the depression.