Metabolite Profiling to Monitor Organochlorine Pesticide Exposure in HepG2 Cell Culture (original) (raw)
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Monitoring of biochemical effects of organochlorine pesticides on human health
Health, 2013
The present study was designed to analyze organochlorine pesticide residues in the blood samples of the residents of Karachi. Biochemical and hematological parameters were tested thoroughly for changes as a result of organochlorine residues. In the blood samples which were drawn from both genders, organochlorine compounds like α-endosulfan (1.565 mg/kg) and β-endosulfan (1.233 mg/kg) were found in higher quantities and were the most frequently detected compounds. Average concentrations of the detected compounds (mg/kg) were: HCH (0.819); Cyclodienes (2.839); Diphenylaliphatics (0.240). An evident finding was the alteration in enzyme activity in higher residue samples. Levels of GPT, GOT, ALP, Choline-esterase and γ-GT were tested in all samples and observed major shifts in the upper and lower limits in high residue samples as compared with the normal values. Analysis of the blood parameters were carried out thoroughly and checked the levels of TLC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Platelets and differential leucocytes (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) but found no distinct changes and hence no convincing relation was observed. Results of the present investigation of OCs in different blood sera indicated that bioconcentration and biomagnification of these chemicals were common phenomena in the population of Karachi city and this may be accountable for a variety of diseases and health hazards.
Toxicology, 2013
Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides are compounds that can be detected in human populations as a result of occupational or residential exposure. Despite their occurrence in considerably low levels in humans, their biological effects are hazardous since they interact with a plethora of enzymes, proteins, receptors and transcription factors. In this review we summarize the cell and molecular effects of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides with respect to their toxicity, with particular emphasis on glucose and lipid metabolism, their interaction with some members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors, including the steroid and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors that changes the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and xenobiotic detoxification. More importantly, evidence regarding the metabolic degradation of pesticides and their accumulation in tissues is presented. Potential non-cholinergic mechanisms after long-term lowdose organophosphate exposure resulting in neurodevelopmental outcomes and neurodegeneration are also addressed. We conclude that the mechanism of pesticide-mediated toxicity is a combination of various enzyme-inhibitory, metabolic and transcriptional events acting at the cellular and molecular level. (A.M. Tsatsakis).
Biomarkers: An Essential Gizmo in Pesticide Toxicity
Biomarkers, 2016
In the recent years the uses and applications of pesticides has been tremendously increased and therefore the risk of exposure to human also increased with adverse health effects including neurotoxicological alterations. Pesticide residues and their metabolites have been detected in dietary constituents, food materials, tissues, maternal blood and breast milk, which are further linked to the developer and neurological disorders. Biomarkers are considered as an important determinant for the examination of organ function, investigation of diseased conditions and therefore could be useful for the analysis procedure. In view of the increasing risk of human health through pesticide exposure, the present review has been focused on the use of biomarkers in pesticide induced biochemical and neurochemical alterations which could help in biomonitoring studies of populations exposed to pesticides along with the main routes of uptake and mechanism of action, which can be used to monitor risk as...
Biomonitoring and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides among Saudi adults
Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2018
The present study aimed to determine the serum organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) levels and perform a risk assessment of exposure to them among Saudi adults. Most of OCPs are considered as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and exposure can induce adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Serum OCPs levels have not been documented in Saudi population. Serum OCPs concentrations were quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in 302 serum samples collected from adult Saudis. All studied OCPs were detected in all participants. High concentrations of DDT and its metabolites (DDE and DDD) were detected in both males and females, with concentrations being significantly higher in males. High concentrations of 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, and gamma-HCH were detected (18.31, 16.12, and 15.15 ng g-1 lipid and5.9, 7.1, and 8.6 ng g-1 lipid for males and females, respectively). Alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, 2,4-DDT, and 4,4-DDT were detected at concentrations lower than 2 ng g-1. Levels of OCPs varied according to age and body mass index (BMI). Serum concentrations of OCPs significantly differed between Saudi males and females and were influenced by age and BMI. These study is the first documentation of serum OCP concentrations of Saudi adult from Riyadh, KSA. Monitoring programs are suggested for evaluating serum OCPs concentrations in the general population to track toxicity levels and serve as an indicator of possible adverse health effects.
Assessment of serum biomarkers in rats after exposure to pesticides of different chemical classes
Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2015
There is increasing emphasis on the use of biomarkers of adverse outcomes in safety assessment and translational research. We evaluated serum biomarkers and targeted metabolite profiles after exposure to pesticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, carbaryl, triadimefon, fipronil) with different neurotoxic actions. Adult male Long-Evans rats were evaluated after single exposure to vehicle or one of two doses of each pesticide at the time of peak effect. The doses were selected to produce similar magnitude of behavioral effects across chemicals. Serum or plasma was analyzed using commercial cytokine/protein panels and targeted metabolomics. Additional studies of fipronil used lower doses (lacking behavioral effects), singly or for 14days, and included additional markers of exposure and biological activity. Biomarker profiles varied in the number of altered analytes and patterns of change across pesticide classes, and discriminant analysis could separate treatment groups from c...
2021
The former Tekchem Industrial Unit located in the city of Salamanca, Mexico, constitutes an environmental liability in which the presence of high levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been reported. In the present study, levels of OCPs were quantified using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry in 52 soil samples and in 88 blood samples from school-age children in the city of Salamanca. A median concentration of 70.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276) was obtained for total OCPs in soil, while for the total sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) the value was 49.6 ng/g (6.93 - 3276). In children, the median level of the total sum of OCPs was 390 ng/g lipid (7.34 - 14895), and for the total sum of DDT was 175 ng/g lipid (