Upregulation of Th1 cytokine profile in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (original) (raw)
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Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Respiratory Medicine, 2004
Background and Aim: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically induced inflammation of the lung parenchyma, though bronchial airways may be also involved. The aim of this study was to compare the cellular profiles of induced sputum (IS) in patients with newly diagnosed HP to that of healthy subjects, and to examine the relationship between inflammatory cells from IS and BAL.
Chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis
European Respiratory Journal, 1995
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a granulomatous interstitial lung disease caused by the inhalation of a variety of antigens and is characterized by a dramatic accumulation of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, in the lung. The mechanisms implicated in the inflammatory cell recruitment observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis are unknown. We examined the concentrations of two important chemokines, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCP-1/MCAF), in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n=8), and compared them with those in patients with sarcoidosis (n=13) and with controls (n=8). In the BALF of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the levels both of IL-8 and MCP-1 were significantly increased compared with levels measured in control subjects. On the other hand, compared to the control value, the MCP-1 level in the BALF of the sarcoidosis patients was significantly increased, but IL-8 was only slightly and nonsignificantly increased. Since IL-8 is a chemoattractant for neutrophils and T-lymphocytes, whereas MCP-1 acts mainly on monocytes/macrophages, our findings may indicate that these two chemokines participate in the cellular accumulation observed in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Mechanisms accounting for lymphocytic alveolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
The Journal of Immunology
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disorder characterized by an exaggerated accumulation of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pulmonary parenchyma. To investigate the mechanisms accounting for the T cell alveolitis taking place in the lung of HP patients and their pattern of growth, cells recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of seven patients were evaluated for: 1) the expression of activation markers, including IL-2R (p55 and p75 subunits), HLA-DR and VLA-1 Ag; 2) the ability of IL-2 and IL-4 to induce in vitro proliferation; 3) the capability to synthesize and release IL-2 by determining the levels of IL-2 in BAL cell-free supernatants and by evaluating the presence of mRNA transcripts for IL-2; and 4) the molecular configuration of the beta- and gamma-genes of the TCR. This study demonstrates that a high number of BAL lymphocytes recovered from the lungs of HP patients express activation markers including the p75 chain of IL-2R, VLA-1, and HLA-DR Ag. These cells expre...
Apoptosis of bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
European Respiratory Journal, 2003
The aim of this study was to look at the apoptosis of alveolar lymphocytes in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP patients and normal unexposed controls were studied. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes was significantly lower in HP patients than in normal patients (37.4¡3.4 versus 56.5¡5.5% for Annexin V and propidium iodine detection methods and 0.4¡0.1 versus 1.0¡0.2% for dUTP nick end-labelling technique (TUNEL)). The proportion of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes positive for Fas antigen was significantly higher in HP patients than in normal subjects (71.7 ¡ 5.4 versus 50.4 ¡ 9.0%). However, no significant difference was found in the proportion of BAL lymphocytes positive for Fas ligand (FasL) between the two groups. Soluble Fas (sFas) levels in the BAL fluid of the patients and normals were 80.5 ¡ 8.5 pg?mL-1 and 23.2¡3.1 pg?mL-1 , respectively. A positive correlation was found between the percentage of BAL lymphocytes and the levels of sFas for the total subjects but not within the separate study groups. The intracellular quantity of the inducible anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL product was significantly higher in the pulmonary lymphocytes of HP patients than in lymphocytes of the control, while no difference was found for constitutive antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2). In conclusion, the apoptosis of pulmonary lymphocytes is lower in hypersensitivity pneumonitis than in normal subjects. This could be explained, at least in part, by an increase of soluble Fas, the anti-apoptic gene, and Bcl-xL.
Polish Archives of Internal Medicine, 2021
biotherapy-induced sarcoidosis) in the lungs. 8 However, to our knowledge, the actual expression of both types of checkpoints in patients with lung granulomatous disease has not been fully established. A particularly useful method for the examination of interstitial lung diseases in situ is bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). This technique facilitates diagnosis and helps to assess the local cellular reaction as well as the release of inflammatory mediators. 9 We aimed to determine the expression of ICPs on bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes in HP and sarcoidosis, in association with immunological and clinical data. Patients and methods We enrolled patients suspected to have interstitial lung diseases. In the diagnostic procedure we followed the European Respiratory Society guidelines; details were described previously. 4 The exclusion criteria comprised: 1) treatment with systemic corticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine, biological drugs (eg, infliximab for sarcoidosis), or any other medication known to potentially cause interstitial lung pathology or influence the cytoimmunological BAL profile 8 2) respiratory failure, heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV), or acute coronary syndromes; 3) poor technical quality of the BAL material (eg, BAL fluid recovery <30% of instilled volume, percentage of contaminating epithelial cells >3% of BAL cells). 9 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 14) was diagnosed on the basis of clinical data, including typical symptomatology following allergen
Longitudinal study of alveolitis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis patients: An immunologic evaluation
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 1988
Cells recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage were studied, both from a phenotypic and,functional point of view, in 18 patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) during a prolonged follow-up. A series of monoclonal antibodies against dtflerent lymphocyte subpopulations, including T cells, T cell subsets, and natural killer (NK) cells have been used. In some cases an immunohistologic analysis of lung tissue sections has also been performed. The NK activir.i has been evaluated with regard to the in vitro function. At the time of the first evaluation, a
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) are characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. The role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the diagnosis of ILD, has been recently revalued. The aim of this work was to evaluate BAL´s inflammatory cytokines associated with ILD. We collected BAL from 28 patients with ILD and15 control subjects with healthy lungs. We counted the whole BAL cell number and determined cytokines levels by ELISA. We found a significant increase in the whole BAL cell count and IL-6 levels in patients with fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSPI), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis in comparison with the control group. We also observed a significant increase of IL-8 in BAL from usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF) in comparison with the control group. We didn´t find relationship between cytokines levels and lung function parameters. BAL could play an important role to understand the inflammatory process associated wit...