Working platform design -Verification by static and dynamic plate load testing,case study Tirana,Albania (original) (raw)
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A Comparative Analysis of Foundations using Prescriptive Design and Static Loading Test Methods
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Despite recent improvements in soil characterisation, geotechnical exploration and construction methodologies, 66.7% of overhead transmission line foundation design engineers use prescriptive design methods with applied traditional factors of safety between 2.5 to over 4.0, to design foundations in the face of uncertainties in ground conditions and design criteria, non-linear nature of the load-displacement response of foundations and the prescriptive design's tendency to give linear solutions. Hence, the use of full-scale foundations and static load tests to assess the overall response of foundations. A Ø900mm pile and 3 pad foundations along Uganda's 400 kV Karuma Interconnection Project were designed, constructed and tested under uplift, compression and lateral loads as per the respective failure modes. The results suggested that the maximum displacements were within 0.36-18.96% of the prescriptive 25 mm value for uplift, 3.32% of the prescriptive 25 mm value for compression, and 4.78% of the prescriptive 50 mm value for the lateral load test in conformity to IEC 61773 (1996) and COMESA/FDHS 293 (2007). The foundations' insitu load capacities from the hyperbolic graphs as per the Chin-Kondner extrapolation (1971), confirmed that the foundations could adequately resist the working loads at 100% and ultimate design loads at 130%, despite uncertainties of moderately aggressive chemical environment exposures as per BS EN 206 (2013) or soils with medium to high degrees of plasticity with low swell potentials.
Plate Load Test: Getting it Right
SSRN Electronic Journal
The plate load test is one of the most accepted and frequently used geotechnical field tests for shallow foundation and pavement design purposes. It can be used for determining a number of ground parameters including: deformation modulus, modulus of subgrade reaction, settlement, allowable bearing pressure, etc. Over the years, different varying applications and interpretations of this testing method have been encountered by the authors. This paper therefore provides the theoretical background to the method, and provides a discussion on selected incorrect applications of the methodology in local geotechnical practice, and highlights the correct approach that should be used.
International Journal of GEOMATE, 2020
This publication aims to describe the European and Japanese standards in order to discuss about the ongoing project of revision of the Japanese standard for static pile load tests, keeping in mind that the future version of this standard will have to take into accounts Japanese past experience, as well as the future needs to adapt to overseas practices, if necessary, for economical purposes. To do so, the different derived parameters that can be obtained by carrying out a static pile load test on a vertically loaded pile (instrumented or not) are described. Then, the current practice for static pile load tests in Japan is described, and the main current overseas practices (with an extra focus on the European practices) are inventoried, and their differences (if any) with the Japanese practice are highlighted. Finally, these differences are discussed, and their importance assessed for a possible integration in the future Japanese standard, that could this way be seen for an oversea point of view as viable and legitimate alternative to the other and until now more common practices.
Accelerated load testing of paved and unpaved roads is the application of a large number of load repetitions in a short period of time. This type of testing is an economic way to determine the behavior of roads and compare different materials, structures, and construction alternatives for the design of highways under a large number of load applications. Currently, numerous accelerated pavement testing (APT) facilities are being used worldwide. Heavy vehicle simulators (HVS) and the cyclic load actuators are the most commonly used facilities. Smaller scale model-testing facilities are also available.
FWD Testing as a Construction Control Tool
Construction control is an important link in the construction process and manufacturing. It servers as a quality control measure, but also assures that the builder fulfills the contract. Varies ways of performing the control have evolved over time, many employing statistical methods. Apart from taking samples to be analyzed in the laboratory, field tests are done to check for compaction or density and properties like various types of moduli. The latter could be used in the mechanistic design process to either test, or suggest alterations to, the initial design. It is a splendid idea as materials could be moved diligently to places where needed the most within a project. However, questions arise as the original testing procedures were not designed with this idea in mind, but merely as one link in a larger process. In comparing e.g. plate loading tests with Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) by module to module results have been inconclusive. For one thing the time domain is different...
Development of a static plate test finite element calculation model
Journal of Physics: Conference Series , 2023
In the last few years as the budget for the road sector has been decreasing in Latvia, the number of road pavement structure reinforcement projects has been increasing. In order to ensure the long-term viability of the road it is necessary to assess the load-bearing capacity of the existing road structure and the subgrade. During the geotechnical research, the load-bearing capacity of the existing base layers is assessed using static plate test. However, the accuracy of the results is strongly influenced by the thickness of the existing asphalt layer and the size of the dismantled asphalt area. In order to determine the load-bearing capacity of the existing road base in the deeper layers, the engineer performs a subjective experience-based interpretation that is not based on mathematical calculations. With the development of geotechnical survey equipment and engineers' understanding of the bearing capacity of the subgrade, it is also possible to use other field research methods, such as probing and interpretation of their data. Various software's for soil calculations have been developed worldwide. With the help of software's, it is possible to evaluate the properties of soil layers, predict deformations and develop reinforcement solutions, however, the obtained results do not reflect the basic bearing capacity, which is expressed in MPa units. It is planned to develop a Finite Element Method simulation of static plate test based on the values of the soil layer parameters obtained from the interpretations of the probe data and to compare the results with the static plate test performed on site. The aim of the study is to determine whether the load-bearing capacity of the existing base can be accurately determined by finite element calculations-a simulation of a static plate test based on the physical-mechanical properties of the soil determined during the geotechnical survey.
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) (ISSN: 2278-0181), 2019
Despite recent improvements in soil characterisation, geotechnical exploration and construction methodologies, 66.7% of overhead transmission line foundation design engineers use prescriptive design methods with applied traditional factors of safety between 2.5 to over 4.0, to design foundations in the face of uncertainties in ground conditions and design criteria, non-linear nature of the load-displacement response of foundations and the prescriptive design's tendency to give linear solutions. Hence, the use of full-scale foundations and static load tests to assess the overall response of foundations. A Ø900mm pile and 3 pad foundations along Uganda's 400 kV Karuma Interconnection Project were designed, constructed and tested under uplift, compression and lateral loads as per the respective failure modes. The results suggested that the maximum displacements were within 0.36-18.96% of the prescriptive 25 mm value for uplift, 3.32% of the prescriptive 25 mm value for compression, and 4.78% of the prescriptive 50 mm value for the lateral load test in conformity to IEC 61773 (1996) and COMESA/FDHS 293 (2007). The foundations' insitu load capacities from the hyperbolic graphs as per the Chin-Kondner extrapolation (1971), confirmed that the foundations could adequately resist the working loads at 100% and ultimate design loads at 130%, despite uncertainties of moderately aggressive chemical environment exposures as per BS EN 206 (2013) or soils with medium to high degrees of plasticity with low swell potentials.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 2019
This scientific work, is the result of the study of some Semi-Empirical methods used for estimation of the load capacity of the soil-pile assembly, using data from the Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Like case of study, the construction of the Central Hospital of Jing Zhou (1st phase), located in China, Hubei Province, City of Jing Zhou is used. For this paper, three Semi-Empirical methods, developed in countries outside China, and already used in other parts of the world, were chosen. These methods are: the methods of Aoki and Velloso, the method of Decourt and Quaresma, and the method of Meyerhof. The results of the Semi-Empirical methods under study are compared with the test results of static load tests performed on site, as recommended by the national Standards (Chines), and local regulations. In addition to the Semi-Empirical methods mentioned above, the relevant provisions of the technical specifications for building foundations (DB42/242-2003) and technical specifications for construction piles (JGJ94-2008) are used. At the end, comparisons are made between the results of the methods under study, the results of static load tests (slow loading) performed on site, the results of the GEO5 Software, and the results of characteristics value of the single pile (Ra), according (DB42/242-2003). In a general vision, with this work the following conclusion was reached: Using the Meyerhof method, the value of Qu was greater than the value of the load test, but it is also the method that presents the values closest to the values of the static load test performed on the spot, with a deviation of 2% in relation to the value of the load test; The Aoki and Velloso method, in addition to providing a value of Qu lower than the value of the static load test, thus ensuring greater safety, also provides acceptable values in comparison to the values of the load test, with a deviation of 6%; The Decourt and Quaresma method, although giving a value of less than the value of the static load test, gave values with a very large deviation from the value of the static load test, being above 10% ; In relation to the software Geo 5, the results are very satisfactory, with a deviation of 0%, in relation to the static load test values.