Tree responses to foliar dust deposition and gradient of air pollution around opencast coal mines of Jharia coalfield, India: gas exchange, antioxidative potential and tolerance level (original) (raw)
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Physiological Responses of Some Tree Species to Air Pollution Stress around Bhadravathi Town, India
Monitoring the effects of air pollutants on vegetation is very important to assess their possible damage to natural vegetation and crop plants. In this sense, ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during 2006-2008 at five sampling sites of Bhadravathi town. The concentration of suspended particulate matter was higher (41.02-236.56 μg/m 3) than the concentration of nitrogen oxides (4.15-19.69 μg/m 3) and sulfur dioxide (1.90-13.23 μg/m 3). Four tree species (Polyalthia longifoia, Mangifera indica, Pongamia pinnata and Acacia auriculiformis) were selected to determine the effect of air pollution; the tested trees showed variation in biochemical parameters between sampling sites. The reduction in the range of ascorbic acid (1.80-4.99 mg/g of tissue), pH (5.2-6.5), relative water content (49-79%) and total chlorophyll content (1.39-2.77 mg/g of tissue) in tested trees at sampling sites versus trees at control site was significant. The variation among the biochemical parameters in the leaves of tested trees was directly attributed to the air pollution at Bhadravathi town.
BIOEDUSCIENCE
Background: Air pollution is a threat to the environment. Sources of air pollutants in urban environments can be in the form of dust, heavy metals, and hydrocarbons. Plants can help clean air pollutants from the atmosphere by absorption through the stomata, accumulating them, or by adsorption on the leaf surface. The Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) is used as an evaluation benchmark for the Physiological conditions of plants exposed to air pollution. This research aims to study the physiological conditions of six tree species in air conditions in the Depok City area and to assess the plants' tolerance level based on the APTI calculation. Methods: The physiological parameters measured to calculate APTI were ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH, and Relative Water Content (RWC). The six tree species used as objects in this study were Artocarpus altilis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bauhinia purpurea, Ficus septica, Filicium decipiens, and Nephelium lappaceum. Result...
Plants are universal sink of carbon dioxide. Plantation of species along any road helps to trap air polluting dust and carbon dioxide. The plants are also negatively affected by the dust and gaseous emissions from vehicles. Because of industrialization in the Sambalpur region, the number of vehicles passing through National Highway-6 has grown significantly. This has been the root cause of high level air pollution. In response to this, a study was undertaken to evaluate the air pollutant tolerance level of some tree species present along the NH-6 between Ainthapali to Remed of Sambalpur township using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) approach. The aspects covered in this work are i) Identification and selection of plant species, ii) Analysis of biochemical parameters like total chlorophyll content, leaf extract pH, relative water content, ascorbic acid of selected species and estimation of air pollution tolerance index values for these species, iii) Evaluation of the Dust accumulating capacity of the selected tree species and its relationship with other morphological parameters, iv) Evaluation of relationship between plants morphological parameters, Dust accumulating capacity and APTI. Three different species viz. Tectona grandis L.f., Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. and Ficus religiosa L. were studied at three sites such as Ainthapali (Site-1), Bareipalli (Site-2) and Remed (Site-3). Relative water content (RWC), Hydrogen ion Concentration of leaf extracts (pH), Total Chlorophyll content of leaf (TCH) , Ascorbic acid content of leaf (AA) were estimated. The petiole length, Leaf area and inter-node lengths were also measured. The dust accumulation potentials of three species were determined. Correlation and regression analysis between different parameters were carried out. The species Tectona Grandis is highly tolerant to air pollution with average APTI values ranging from 7.13 to 10.33. The established decreasing order for grades is Tectona grandis (6) > Polyalthia longifolia (5) > Ficus religiosa (3). The Dust accumulation potential values are highly correlatable with APTI.
Coal mining activities change plant community structure due to air pollution and soil degradation
Ecotoxicology, 2014
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coal mining activities on the community structures of woody and herbaceous plants. The response of individual plants of community to defilement caused by coal mining was also assessed. Air monitoring, soil physico-chemical and phytosociological analyses were carried around Jharia coalfield (JCF) and Raniganj coalfield. The importance value index of sensitive species minified and those of tolerant species enhanced with increasing pollution load and altered soil quality around coal mining areas. Although the species richness of woody and herbaceous plants decreased with higher pollution load, a large number of species acclimatized to the stress caused by the coal mining activities. Woody plant community at JCF was more affected by coal mining than herbaceous community. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that structure of herbaceous community was mainly driven by soil total organic carbon, soil nitrogen, whereas woody layer community was influenced by sulphur dioxide in ambient air, soil sulphate and soil phosphorus. The changes in species diversity observed at mining areas indicated an increase in the proportion of resistant herbs and grasses showing a tendency towards a definite selection strategy of ecosystem in response to air pollution and altered soil characteristics.
Foliar response of two species of heavy air pollution load at Indore city
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2017
Plants are constantly exposed to air, they absorb, accumulate and integrate pollutants confining on their foliar surfaces and show specific response too. The use of plants as monitors of air pollution has long been established, as plants are the initial acceptors of air pollution. Present study was carried out to find out the effect of air pollutants on morphology, physiology and biochemistry of Bauhinia Purpurea Lamk. and Eucalyptus Citriodora var. Maculata Hook. growing at two different sites of Indore city viz. Scheme No. 78 (Site-I), considered as Low Polluted Area (LPA), in this area there is very low traffic frequency and industries are absent and MR-10 (Site-II) which is Major Road No. 10 of Indore city. There are large number of Industries and heavy traffic frequency in this area, so it is considered as a polluted area. The two species growing at polluted site showed reduction in size of leaf, number of stomata and leaf biomass. Variations in biochemical parameters like chlo...
Trees, 2009
The effect of iron solid particulate matter (SPM Fe ) deposited onto soil and leaves on photosynthesis and oxidative stress was evaluated in Clusia hilariana, a CAM tropical tree of high occurrence in Brazilian restingas. Significant increases in iron content were found in plants exposed to SPM Fe applied onto leaf and soil surfaces. However, only the application of SPM Fe on leaves of C. hilariana caused significant reductions in some evaluated characteristics such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, organic acid accumulation, potential quantum yield of PSII, and changes in daily CAM photosynthesis pattern. Increase in relative membrane permeability and reduction in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the leaves of plants exposed to SPM Fe also were observed; however, lipid peroxidation did not change. These responses seem to be due to the combination of physical effects such as increase of leaf temperature, reduction in light absorption, obstruction of stomatal pores, and biochemical effects triggered by oxidative stress.
Screening potential plant species for arresting particulates in Jharia coalfield, India
Sustainable Environment Research
Mining and related activities cause severe degradation of ambient air quality. A study of particulate matter (PM) across transportation, mining and control (C) sites for dust attenuation capacity (DAC) in selected tree species were carried out in Jharia coalfield (JCF) to estimate the menace of dust pollution and also to measure air pollution tolerance index (APTI). Results indicated that the maximum value of PM10 and PM2.5 ranged from 54 to 174 and 29 to 78 μg m− 3 respectively across all the sites. The maximum values occurred in transportation and the minimum at C for both the particulates. Mining and transportation resulted in an increase in PM10 values by 161 and 200% and PM2.5 values by 100 and 136% respectively as compared to those in C. The mean concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 across the sites exceeded the permissible limit of 100 and 60 μg m− 3 respectively. Transportation was worse than mining due to the high proportion of hazardous fine (PM2.5) particulates. DAC indicated ...
Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Some Trees Species from the Industrial area of Tarapur
To evaluate the susceptibility of plants growing in the industrial area of Tarapur, Maharashtra, Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) was determined for 30 plants species by calculating Ascorbic acid content, Leaf-extract pH, Total chlorophyll content and Relative water content and computing together in a formula. The result showed the order of tolerant species as Putranjiva roxburghii >Mangifera indica >Ficus racemosa >Ficus hispida >Morinda citrifolia and the order of sensitive species as Nyctanthes arbor-tristis >Bauhinia purpurea> Peltophorum pterocarpum>Psidium guajava> Morinda pubescens. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) serves as a reliable technique in qualifying plants as tolerant and sensitive species in regard to air pollution. Tolerant species serve as sink of air pollutants and thus can help in abatement of air pollutants to some extent if planted in and around industrial vicinity and along traffic islands.