Spasticity after traumatic spinal cord injury; a cross sectional study (original) (raw)
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The Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool: A Persian adaptation and validation study
Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2016
Objective: To adapt the Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool (SCI-SET) into the Persian language (SCI-SETp) and to examine the reliability and validity of the SCI-SETp in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort validation study. Setting: University Neurological Physiotherapy Clinic. Participants: Adult patients with SCI. Main Outcome Measures: SCI-SET. Results: There was no missing data. No floor or ceiling effect was observed. Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.862. Factor analysis suggested 1 factor structure (Eigenvalue = 8.49) explained 24.27% of the total variance. The ICC agreement for test-retest reliability was 0.84. The standard error of measurement and the smallest detectable change was 0.30 and 0.82, respectively. The divergent relationships demonstrated the SCI-SETp uniqueness construct. Conclusion: The results support the reliability and validity of the SCI-SETp for assessing the impact of spasticity on daily life of patients with SCI.
The Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool: Development and Evaluation
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2007
Objective: To develop and assess the reliability and validity of a new scale designed to measure the impact of spasticity on daily life in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Scale development and assessment. Setting: General community. Participants: Community-dwelling persons with chronic SCI and spasticity participated in study 1 (nϭ9), study 2 (nϭ19), and study 3 (nϭ61). Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Study 1: participant definitions of spasticity and list of scale items. Study 2: scale refinement, face validity, and time to complete. Study 3: internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity. Results: The Spinal Cord Injury Spasticity Evaluation Tool (SCI-SET) is a 7-day recall self-report questionnaire that takes into account both the problematic and useful effects of spasticity on daily life in people with SCI. The scale exhibited good face validity and required 6.8Ϯ2.6 minutes to complete. The internal consistency (␣) and intraclass correlation coefficient of the SCI-SET were .90 and .91, respectively. Construct validity was supported by correlations (r range, Ϫ.48 to .68; PϽ.01) between SCI-SET scores and theoretically meaningful constructs. Conclusions: The SCI-SET fills a need for a reliable and valid self-report measure of the impact of spasticity on daily life in people with SCI, taking into account both the problematic and useful effects of spasticity.
Spasticity following spinal cord injury
Spinal cord …, 2002
Although consensus has not yet been reached on clinically meaningful, feasible and effective outcome measures relevant to the treatment of spasticity and patient reported outcomes, development and inclusion of such a multidimensional test battery is required for understandable interpretations of future studies.
Altered motor control and spasticity after spinal cord injury: subjective and objective assessment
Journal of rehabilitation …, 2000
This study of measures of spasticity, or altered motor control, compares the clinically used Ashworth scale with a method based on surface electromyographic (sEMG) recordings called brain motor control assessment (BMCA) in a group of 97 subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) and varying levels of motor dysfunction . In this paper, we describe how sEMG-derived scores relate to the severity of spasticity as judged clinically . When sEMG data from passive movements from the BMCA were analyzed by Ashworth category, we found that when the sEMG data were averaged for a limb, there was a significant difference between scores for those with Ashworth 0 vs . 2 and 3, and 1 vs. 2 and 3 (p<0 .001), but not between 0 and 1 . Analysis of the individual muscle scores improved the discrimination between Ashworth categories . Superiority of sEMG data over Ashworth category as an objective quantification of altered motor control ("spasticity") is argued.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018
A thorough assessment of the extent and severity of spasticity, and its impact on functioning, is central to the effective management of spasticity in persons with spinal cord damage (SCD). These individuals, however, do not always receive adequate assessment of their spasticity. Inadequate assessment compromises management when the impact of spasticity and/or need for intervention are not fully recognized. Assessment is also central to determining treatment efficacy. A barrier to spasticity assessment has been the lack of consensus on clinical and functional measures suitable for routine clinical practice. To extend upon existing work, a working group of the Ability Network identified and consolidated information on possible measures, then synthesized and formulated findings into practical recommendations for assessing spasticity and its impact on function in persons with SCD. Sixteen clinical and functional measures that have been used for this purpose were identified using a targeted literature review. These were mapped to the relevant domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to assess the breadth of their coverage; coverage of many domains was found to be lacking, suggesting a focus for future work. The advantages, disadvantages and usefulness of the measures were assessed using a range of criteria, with a focus on usefulness and feasibility in routine clinical practice. Based on this evaluation, a selection of measures suitable for initial and follow-up assessments are recommended. The recommendations are intended to have broad applicability to a variety of healthcare settings where people with SCD are managed.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2000
SkGld C. Spasticity in spinal cord injury: intrinsic fluctuations and intervention-induced changes self and clinically rated. Arch Phys Med Rehabil2000;81: 144-9. Objectives: (1) To determine patterns of intrinsic fluctuations in spastic@, using repeated self-ratings, in subjects with spinal cord injury (XI); and (2) To determine the relation between self-ratings of spasticity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and clinical ratings of spasticity using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) before and after spa&city-reducing treatment.