Phase Transitions in the Early Universe: Theory and Observations (original) (raw)
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2012 - September NATO conference contribution of contents - Andreu Ginestet
My contribution to the nuclear debate presents 3 possible concepts for complexity evolution, which make understood, that what is at a stake right now, is the evolution of complexity, and that the use of missiles in any war scenario has very little, and if any very bad effects on reality, which I strongly recommend to not to look for. The official results of the conference were published under the following document, which you can find at the ETH Zürich file archive: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/154318/MD\_Draft%20Report\_16102012.pdf The official report does not resolve the dilemma that was discussed in Brussels. It reveals a one-sided and partial perspective and does not uncover the risks at which Europa was. A real report cannot be published.
UN/ESA Workshops on Basic Space Science: An Update on Their Achievements
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1999
During the second half of the twentieth century, expensive observatories are being erected at La Silla (Chile), Mauna Kea (Hawai), Las Palmas (Canary Island), and Calar Alto (Spain), to name a view. In 1990, at the beginning of The Decade of Discovery in Astronomy and Astrophysics (Bahcall [2]), the UN/ESA Workshops on Basic Space Science initiated the establishment of small astronomical telescope facilities, among them many particularly sup-The annual UN/ESA Workshops continue to pursue an agenda to network these small observatory facilities through similar research and education programmes and at the same time encourage the incorporation of cultural elements predominant in the respective cultures. Cross-cultural integration and multilingual scientific cooperation may well be a dominant theme in the new millennium (Pyenson [20]). This trend is supported by the notion that astronomy has deep roots in virtually every human culture, that it helps to understand hu-manity's place in...
Space - Exploring NATO's Final Frontier
Documenti IAI, 2023
Space is an increasingly important domain for the security and prosperity of the Transatlantic area. The 2022 NATO’s Strategic Concept has recognised this reality, fully integrating Space into the alliance’s posture. The use of Space has greatly enhanced the ability of NATO and its members to anticipate or respond to threats with greater speed, effectiveness and precision. However, Space is becoming an increasingly contested, congested and competitive domain. A multi-purpose use of Space, a growing number of actors and assets, as well as rapid advances in technology have created new opportunities – but also new risks, vulnerabilities and threats to allied security and defence. This requires NATO to reflect on how it could maintain its strategic edge in Space as in the other connected domains. Taking that into account, on 10–11 November 2022 the Allied Command Transformation (ACT) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) and the University of Bologna held a high-level workshop exploring NATO’s role in Space, whose main findings are summarised in this report.
2004
organisations were introduced in 1994 and have continued since that time. Limited amounts were made available annually since 1997 for international exchange (summer schools, monitoring conferences etc.), whilst as from 1998 an amount of € 7 million was dedicated to the Young scientists programme. Since the year 2000 five thematic calls were launched. Thus, INTAS has throughout this period been committed to bottom-up proposals selected on the basis of excellence. A variety of new instruments with more regional or thematic focus was gradually introduced. The Innovation call in 2003 was a well targeted action to satisfy the growing demand for the commercialisation of results. 8. Funding was provided for projects in 8 research fields, of which 7 are in the natural sciences. The field of humanities was weakly represented. The field of physics was predominant, from 23 % of funded projects in 1993-1996 to 33% in 1997-2002. This is in line with the number of applications received per field, with an average success rate per field of 16,5%. By far most contracted teams are from Russia (70 %), primarily from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk. The Ukraine and Belarus account for 16 % of the funded research teams. The number of teams funded from other countries was relatively small. This distribution is not surprising as it is in proportion to the total number of researchers in the NIS, with a high score for Armenia and a comparatively low score for Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan.
Roadmap for Solar System Research July 2015
2015
1. Under the leadership of Monica Grady, the Solar System Advisory Panel (SSAP) wrote a "Roadmap for Solar System Research" in preparation for the programmatic review that was released in November 2012. This was based on a document written by its predecessor body, the Near Universe Advisory Panel in November 2009. 2. A new SSAP chair was appointed in December 2014 and the Solar System Advisory Panel (SSAP) carried out a "lighttouch" review of the previous roadmap during Q2/2015 via a Town Hall Meeting in London on 19 June 2015 and an anonymous community consultation on the previous roadmap. SSAP also included the results of consultations carried out in Q1/ and Q2/2015 by SSAP on computing and in response to the Nurse review of research councils. 3. Solar System science is not an island isolated from other research communities, particularly the Astronomy and Particle Astrophysics communities, and there is potential for overlap in the research aims of the communities. Where possible, this has been indicated in the text. 4. The STFC is not the sole Research Council that has interests in Solar System research. Both the UK Space Agency and the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) are involved in different aspects of the research. Applied research in the area of Solar System science is also funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) The SSAP hope that this Roadmap will help these bodies as they also define their research priorities and facilitate crossresearch council projects. 5. Three overarching themes are identified which encompass the outstanding scientific questions to be addressed over the next two decades. These themes are: (1) Solar Variability and its Impact on Us, (2) Planets and Life and (3) Universal Processes. 6. There are several cross-cutting activities that are also essential for successful delivery of the goals outlined in this Roadmap. These activities are also relevant to the research activities of the other communities funded by the STFC, and are (in alphabetical order): Data centres and Data archiving; the Grants, Fellowships and Studentships lines; High Performance Computing and Laboratory Equipment and Infrastructure. 7. The Roadmap recognises specific strengths where the UK is particularly well-placed to make significant contributions to the questions, in terms of complementary areas of expertise (observation, experimentation, simulation and numerical modelling). Alongside each set of questions are the specific space missions and facilities (national and international) that are required to help deliver the research goals summarised in the Roadmap. It is important to note that this roadmap does not prioritise one Solar System body above others. 8. There are several recommendations that the SSAP makes to STFC on more general aspects of its programme. These recommendations are as follows: General)Recommendations:) Recommendation 1: The SSAP recommends that the STFC supports the UK Space Agency's recent membership of ESA's ELIPS Programme with funding to exploit data from the ELIPS facilities in the same way as from other space missions (including bilateral opportunities) and projects, supported via proper peer review via AGP. Recommendation 2: The dual-key approach between the UK Space Agency (UKSA) and the research councils is welcomed and it is important that both bodies are cognisant of, and take into account, the relative priorities of each organisation. Where appropriate, there should be cross-representation on committees responsible for strategic, funding and prioritisation decisions, and this 'dual-key' approach must be monitored and evaluated by regular, publically-circulated reports. SSAP recommends that more be done to clarify the funding mechanisms and processes between UKSA and the research councils. Recommendation 3: SSAP recommends that the STFC supports UKSA in its partnership in ESA's Space Situational Awareness Programme with funding to exploit facilities and carry out research in the same was as in other projects, supported via proper peer review via AGP and PPRP. Recommendation 4: The UK has invested millions of pounds in missions and instrumentation, and the final product of this investment is the publically owned data-set. STFC has an obligation to preserve these data. We recommend that the STFC continues to fund its data centres, such as UKSSDC, at the level required to maintain efficient and effective operation, without prejudicing the security of the data. Recommendation 5: As a minimum, STFC must maintain the Grants line at its current level (cash basis, not percentage of the programme): if it falls any further, the number of PDRA working in the subject will be insufficient to keep the programme going, resulting in a decrease in performance at all levels, and an inability to compete for funding at the international level. Recommendation 6: As a minimum, the STFC must maintain its Fellowship and Studentship programmes at their current levels (cash basis, not percentage of the programme). Fellowships and Studentships are the main pathways for bringing young people into research, technology and academia. The Fellowship programme is an important way of recognising future leaders in the field, who will continue to drive research forward, again to the benefit of the UK. However, there is a significant funding gap in early career fellowships that enable us to identify these future leaders and nurture their independent development and this must be addressed. The skills acquired through studying for a PhD are of great benefit to the UK economy as a whole, not just for those who remain in STFC-funded research. Recommendation 7: SSAP supports STFC's recent computing consultation aimed at developing a clear and appropriate funding strategy for HPC/HTC to allow the UK to remain competitive in the critical area of HPC expertise, and to ensure adequate training for future generations of scientists. Furthermore, it is critical that STFC recognise that the development of Roadmap'for'Solar'System'Science' 6'July'2015 3 new numerical models is essential for continued scientific excellence, impact, and international leadership in a wide variety of areas. STFC should consider the development of numerical models in a similar way to the development of new telescopes, space instrumentation, or new detectors for particle physics. Recommendation 8: STFC maintains support for ground-based laboratory experimental, analytical, simulation, fieldwork activities and curation facilities, to enable the UK to maintain its high international profile in the relevant fields, and play a leading role in forthcoming sample return missions. Recommendation 9: That STFC maintains its support for ground-based and space-based telescope operations and instrumentation at a level that will enable the UK to maintain its high international profile in the relevant fields. This support should recognise and balance the competing claims of new developments versus extension of current instrumentation, such that UK scientists are able to access the range of facilities they require to meet their goals. Recommendation 10: SSAP recommends that STFC, NERC and EPSRC work more closely to enable and deliver research that cuts across the remits of the various research councils. Specific)Recommendations)on)Prioritisation:) 9. Prioritisation of projects and facilities is a complex, difficult and divisive process that is essential for an efficient scientific programme which remains up-to-date, is able to compete in an international arena and successfully delivers its desired outcomes. In putting together the Roadmap, the SSAP took scientific excellence as the main driver, followed by the international significance of the project; the extent of UK leadership and the timeliness of the project. 10. The SSAP has not prioritised specific missions, Solar System bodies, or projects over others: we have not had the information, the time or a mandate from the community to do this. Instead, what we have suggested is a rolling prioritisation based on the status of the projects in question. We suggest a flexible apportionment of resource, which might be possibly along the lines of, for example, 60 % to projects in operation, 30 % to those selected and in development, 10 % to those not yet selected, but requiring input for development. The split of 60:30:10 is given only as an example, and the actual figures should be subject to continual monitoring and adjustment. 11. Exploitation of data from a project continues long after the instrument itself has ended, thus each project should be seen as carrying on beyond the project end. Funds for this stage of research would, presumably come from the Grants line and Fellowships and Studentship programmes. 12. There is still a grey area, possibly not completely understood by the community, where responsibility for funding of projects falls between the remits of the STFC and the UK Space Agency. Thus funding for building a detector for a mission is the responsibility of the Space Agency, but funding for research into generic detector development belongs with the STFC. Funds for such research would, presumably, come from the PRD line, and/or the Grants line and Fellowships and Studentship programmes. We recommend more clarity is provided on this aspect, both by STFC and UKSA, and that communication between the two bodies is enhanced through interaction of their respective advisory panels. 13. There are a large number of projects that have not been included on the Roadmap because they are not funded by the UK, either directly or through international subscription, e.g., NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter. NASA's Solar Dynamic Observatory, and JAXA's Hayabusa 2. Data from such projects are available, and exploitation of these data is a vital part of the community's research effort, both in terms of preparation for future missions as well as helping to deliver answers to our...
April 2019 ' Science ' , how is it formed ?
2019
The purpose of this conceptual research is to determine the process of science formation and evolution. The method adopted in this study is based on documentary analysis. The research community included texts and researches related to the field of "Science", "Research" and "Technology". The scientific documents were selected using a purposive sampling method for analysis. In this paper the three concepts of: science scope, science band and science cycle are extracted from the findings of the reviewed materials for the first time ending in the following findings. Here the science scope consists of nine elements, the science band constitutes the space for science formation and evolution and the science cycle consists of a science network with seven categories and a science path with two procedures. The theme here is so vast that these findings may not completely meet the response to the question addressed, therefore more serious attempts should be made in...
2021
Space Sciences panel was attended by moderator and 4 speakers who represented all segments covered by the conference: Academia, Industry and Societies. Various topics were discussed, such as: Space science in Serbia and in the region, Experiences in international projects and examples of cooperation, Connection between science, industry and society and the future of space sciences in Serbia.
United States and Western Europe Cooperation in Planetary Exploration
The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was established by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and of advising the federal government. The Council operates in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy under the authority of its congressional charter of 1863, which establishes the Academy as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation. The Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in the conduct of their services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. It is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine were established in 1964 and 1970, respectively, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences. Notice by the European Science Foundation: The Report has been reviewed according to the procedures of the Space Science Committee of the European Science Foundation (ESF). The Report was approved by the ESF Executive Council in March 1984. The European Science Foundation was established in 1974 to act as a coordinator for the major Western European academies and research councils which support scientific research at a national level. Although these are funded mainly by governments, the ESF itself is a nongovernmental organization. The principal objects of the Foundation are t o advance cooperation in basic research; to promote mobility of research workers; to assist the free flow of information and ideas; and to facilitate the harmonization of the basic research activities supported by Member Organizations.