Potential for the integration of biological and chemical control of sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani on rice (original) (raw)
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Bangladesh Rice Journal, 2021
A series of experiments were conducted in Plant Pathology Laboratory at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur to know the efficacy of four bio-pesticides Recharge, Microtech1, Agroplus and Chitin and two bio-control agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis) on the major rice disease sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani in in-vitro and field condition. One fungicide Nativo (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) and one disease control (without any treatments) were also included as treatment for comparison. Radial mycelia growth of R. solani was mostly inhibited by a Bangladesh Trichoderma harzianum (BT1), Recharge and chemical fungicide Nativo 75 G at 48 hours of dual contact of R. solani and tested bio-pesticides or bio-control agents in in-vitro. The other bio-pesticides along with B. subtilis didn’t show any inhibition effect on the mycelia growth of R. solani which was similar to control (only water) treatment. Fungal inhibition 87.5% and 86....
The six different bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Pseudomonas fluorescens I, Pseudomonas fluorescens II and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani through dual culture technique. Among six different bio-agents Trichoderma viride showed maximum (74.44 %) growth inhibition of the pathogen and appeared to be the most superior in its efficacy over all the antagonists tested. This was followed in sequence by T. harzianum (68.14 %), T. longibrachiatum (67.41 %), Pseudomonas fluorescens I (56.66 %), Pseudomonas fluorscens II (55.74 %) and Bacillus subtilis (47.77 %) were in decreasing order for per cent growth inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION, 2016
Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn [Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk], occurs throughout the temperate and tropical rice growing regions. Rice sheath blight was considered as a minor disease in earlier days, but now it is regarded as an internationally important disease second only to rice blast. Use of fungicides with a broad spectrum of activity against more than one disease is common in rice. The foliar spray of fungicides is the single most effective method for the management of sheath blight disease. The bio efficacy of various fungicides like Carbendazim 50 per cent WP, Mancozeb 50 per cent WP, Benomyl 50 per cent WP, Copper oxychloride 50 per cent WP, Edifenphos 50 per cent EC, Iprobenphos 50 per cent EC and Hexaconazole 5 EC were used to test against the R. solani by Poisoned food technique and Mycelial dry weight is analyzed. All the tested fungicides registered appreciable inhibition in colony growth and mycelia dry weight. Among the eight fungicides, Hexaconazole 200 ppm and 400 ppm were completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of R. solani. Among the fungicides, Hexaconazole showed the highest level of inhibition and recorded 49.3 mg mean of mycelial dry weight. The result of the experiment revealed the superiority of Hexaconazole in the control of R. solani, hence the same was used for further studies.
Management of Sheath Blight of Rice Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani Kühn
Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 2023
Sheath blight (ShB) of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is the most vital disease this is a serious issue in highyielding rice production systems. It is a significant issue with the rice producing system's high yielding types. The pathogen has a very wide host range and due to non-availability of resistant cultivars, the management of ShB primarily depends upon chemical control while the chemical control is not eco-friendly and is also dangerous for human health. However, the disease can be managed with botanical pesticides and biological agents. This study was planned with the objective to manage this disease with eco-friendly approaches. Different species of Trichoderma and plant extracts were evaluated under the laboratory conditions with dual culture technique and poisoned food technique respectively. Results showed that all bio-controls and plant extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani at different exposure intervals (5, 10 and 15 day) (P<0.05). In fungal bio-control, the highest percent inhibition was given by T. harzianum followed by T. atroviride on all incubation intervals. The lowest percent inhibition was 55%, 69 and 79% given by T. viride. All plant extracts significantly inhibited the mycelium growth of R. solani (P<0.05). Maximum percent inhibition was observed in case of neem followed by garlic, eucalyptus, and the minimum percent inhibition was exhibited by mint on 5, 10 and 15 days of incubation intervals.
Impact of fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn causing sheath blight disease of rice
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, is an important pathogen of rice causing sheath blight disease. The pathogen thrives in soil and is polyphagous in nature. Till date no resistant variety has been registered against the disease which is the main reason of dependence on chemical management of the disease. In the present study six chemicals with different concentrations viz. 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm along with control were evaluated in vitro against the pathogen. The chemicals were also tested in vivo for management of sheath blight. The in vitro study was conducted using the 'poisoned food technique' and the in vivo study was done in the field condition during kharif season in two subsequent years (2018 and 2019). Spraying of the fungicides was advocated twice after the natural infection i.e. at 45 and 60 days after transplanting. The observations revealed that all the fungicides were capable for significant inhibition of the fungus in 'in vitro' and the disease in 'in vivo' conditions.
Of the fourteen fungicides of different groups evaluated in-vitro against Rhizoctonia solani , Metalaxyl (0.1%), Mancozeb (0.1%), Tricyclazole (0.1%), Thiophenate methyl (0.1%), Carbendizm+ Mancozeb (0.1%) were proved to be most effective in inhibiting the growth of the fungus. Among the bio-agents screened, Trichoderma viride was most effective in restricting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani followed by Penicillium notatum where as Aspergillus niger was proved least effective. Among the thirteen plant extracts evaluated garlic extract (10%) was most effective in inhibiting the growth of fungus followed by calotropis (10%). Datura leaf extract (10%) was found to be least effective in inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
Efficacy of fungicides for the management of Sheath Blight of rice
Sheath Blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph:Thanatephorus cucumeris), is a notorious pathogen and has a wide host range with worldwide in distribution, a very destructive disease under favorable weather conditions in rice growing areas of the world which ultimately causes substantial yield losses. Field experiment were laid out during the kharif season 2016-2017 at N.E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar (290 N latitude, 79.30 E longitude), Uttarakhand on rice cultivar Pant Dhan- 4 to evaluate the effect of different fungicides in controlling sheath blight of rice. Seven fungicides viz; sheath mark (validamycin 3% L), Tilt (propiconazole 25 % EC), Beam (tricyclazole 75% WP), Folicur (tebuconazole 16%L), Contaf (hexaconazole 5% EC), Bavistin (carbendazim 50% WP) and Amistar (azoxystrobin 23% SC) were evaluated for the control of the pathogen at different stages of the plant growth while the control plots were left un-treated. Among these seven fungicides, azoxystrobin 23 % SC showed minimum disease severity (41.06 %) with 46.03 per cent disease control over check followed by Tilt (propiconazole 25% EC) (45.76 %) with 41.37 per cent disease control over check as compared to control with disease severity (80.97 %) along with maximum yield (69.93q/ha) and (67.72q/ha) respectively. Among fungicides tested. In vitro, Azoxystrobin 23% SC was found most effective and showed 100 per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of R.solani, from 25 ppm. This study showed that, Azoxystrobin 23% SC a new generation fungicide is more effective and increases the yield upto 22.42 percent.
Po ten ti al ity of Bi o log i cals against Rhizoctonia Solani Caus ing Sheath Blight in Rice
2021
Inhibitory effect of few cruciferous plant extracts were tested by poisoned food technique. At 1:1 dilution the highest inhibition of 51.1% was observed in cabbage and the least inhibition of 21.93% over control was observed in case of radish. At 1:100 and 1:1000 dilutions none of the plants extracts were effective against Rhizoctonia solani. At 1:1 dilution only cabbage was found effective. The inhibitory effect of bio fumigants plants were tested against R. solani by following sealed Petri plate technique. Mustard completely inhibited the growth of the pathogen whereas cauliflower showed least inhibition with 44.8 mm radial growth of the pathogen. A total of six bioagents were tested for the antagonistic effect against R. solani by dual culture technique. The highest inhibition was observed in native Trichoderma viride (38.88%) and the least inhibition was noticed in case of commercial Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis which recorded 18.88% inhibition over control.
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control
Background Sheath blight of rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important diseases worldwide, causing considerable yield losses. The estimation of losses due to sheath blight of rice in India has been reported to be up to 54.30%. As a consequence of this fact, eco-friendly approaches were explored in this investigation. Results The pathogen R. solani was isolated from the infected sheath of rice plant, which was identified and characterized on the basis of morphology and through molecular Sequencing. The sequences of ITS were submitted to NCBI GenBank and the accession number allotted is SUB11543577. In dual culture best two potential isolates of biocontrol agents were selected Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf27) and Trichoderma harzianum (Th47). Their different combinations with Herbal Kunapajala (HKJ) were tested in glasshouse, experimental field and farmers’ fields against sheath blight pathogen R. solani. The maximum plant vigor index was found in treatment combinati...