The Pauline Order in Medieval Transylvania (original) (raw)
Related papers
2012
The Pauline order emerged in the second half of the thirteenth century and became one of the most popular religious communi-ties of medieval Hungary. Due to their mixed – hermitic, monas-tic and mendicant – character, their monasteries developed an economic system and a social network that was unique in the fifteenth and sixteenth-century kingdom. Their repudiation of higher education was coupled with the prestige of manual work and literary creativity. The main supporters of the order were members of the lesser nobility and the aristocracy.
The Book as Object of Lay Devotion in Late Medieval Transylvania (Fifteenth-Sixteenth Centuries)
Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia
"Research on late-medieval religiosity in Central and Western Europe has shown that religious books were not only possessed, but also read, and sometimes even copied or disseminated by laymen. The need for a better definition of the relationship between the laity and the religious text leads to the formulation and intensive discussion of concepts such as devotional reading, culture of religious reading, or vernacular theology. Several examples of works that belonged to late-medieval Transylvanian laymen suggest the opportunity and, at the same time, the need to ask whether similar dynamics of pious behaviour can be discussed in their case. In order to provide a convincing answer, this study proposes an analysis of these books from at least three perspectives: theme, language, formal characteristics. The most interesting information is offered, however, by property notes, which suggest that the devotional potential of the book was not activated by reading, but rather by donation. By offering solutions to the everyday necessities of ecclesiastical institutions, these gifts were designed to ensure personal salvation as well. In order to support this hypothesis, I will also address another category of sources from which mentions regarding this kind of donations can be recovered, i.e. last wills. Keywords: religious books, devotional practices, pious donations, last wills, laity "
Life in the Pauline Monasteries of Late Medieval Hungary
2014
The Pauline order emerged in the second half of the thirteenth century and became one of the most popular religious communities of medieval Hungary. Due to their mixed – hermitic, monastic and mendicant – character, their monasteries developed an economic system and a social network that was unique in the fifteenth and sixteenth-century kingdom. Their repudiation of higher education was coupled with the prestige of manual work and literary creativity. The main supporters of the order were members of the lesser nobility and the aristocracy.
A Historical Analysis of the Origin and Early Development of the Greek-Catholic Church in Transylvania (1697-1761). The Influence of the Tension between Dogma and Practice within the Rural Communities of Transylvania , 2002
The Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania resisted both Roman Catholic and Protestant efforts to convert her to another tradition. The end of the seventeenth century brought a swift political change in Transylvania. In the process of taking over Protestant Hungarian Transylvania, the Hapsburg authorities pressurised the Romanian Orthodox Church to accept the union with the Roman Catholic Church. This policy involved an opportunistic exploitation of the weakness of the Romanian Orthodox Church and the union of the Romanian Orthodox Church with the Roman Catholic Church, which was brought about between 1697 and 1701, took place in a very complex social, political and ecclesiastical context. The desire of the Hapsburg authorities to achieve a rapid transformation from an Eastern Orthodox Church to a Romanian church united with Rome was frustrated by the mentality of the Romanian Orthodox believers. The change from a Romanian Orthodox Church to a Greek-Catholic Church generated political, social and ecclesiastical tensions with deep psychological implications within Romanian rural society. The Romanian Greek-Catholic bishops’ efforts to serve the interests of their church during the process and the reaction of the Romanian believers highlight the existence of tensions between the dogma and the practice within the Greek-Catholic Church. This evidence demonstrates the de facto survival of the Romanian Orthodox Church within the Greek-Catholic Church. Under social and ecclesiastical pressure from both the Orthodox Romanians and the Serbs, the Hapsburg Empire re-established the Romanian Orthodox Church in Transylvania in 1761. A slow process of transformation can be detected in the Greek-Catholic Church after 1754 but only after the separation of the two Romanian churches did they start to evolve differently in markedly divergent ways.