EC MICROBIOLOGY Case Report Archaea Endowed with Plant Growth Promoting Attributes (original) (raw)
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Archaea in dry soil environments
Phytochemistry Reviews, 2009
Archaea belong to the least well known major group of soil inhabiting microbes as the concept of the very existence of the archaea was introduced only in 1977 and the domain of Archaea established in 1990. The first reports of finding these organisms in soils were published even later. This paper will review the research carried out of the archaea in dry moderate soil environments. It will particularly consider the specific habitats where the archaea live in soils, as well as their associations with other organisms. There is thus far relatively little knowledge about the metabolism of the soil archaea, but the knowledge about their exact habitats and associations as well as their genetic potential point the way to discovering more about the different soil archaeal functions.
Archaea in Biogeochemical Cycles
Annual Review of Microbiology, 2013
Archaea constitute a considerable fraction of the microbial biomass on Earth. Like Bacteria they have evolved a variety of energy metabolisms using organic and/or inorganic electron donors and acceptors, and many of them are able to fix carbon from inorganic sources. Archaea thus play crucial roles in the Earth's global geochemical cycles and influence greenhouse gas emissions. Methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation are important steps in the carbon cycle; both are performed exclusively by anaerobic archaea. Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite is performed by Thaumarchaeota. They represent the only archaeal group that resides in large numbers in the global aerobic terrestrial and marine environments on Earth. Sulfur-dependent archaea are confined mostly to hot environments, but metal leaching by acidophiles and reduction of sulfate by anaerobic, nonthermophilic methane oxidizers have a potential impact on the environment. The metabolisms of a large number of archaea, in particular those dominating the subsurface, remain to be explored. 437 Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2013.67:437-457. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of Vienna -Main Library and Archive Services on 09/12/13. For personal use only.
Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020
Archaea are strange but unique beings that have evolutionary relationships with bacteria and eukaryotes and have many unique properties of genotypes and phenotypes that indicate their own evolutionary status. In addition to its presence in the human body, it plays a key role in the ecological cycle of the planet. The metabolic strategies and physiological adaptation of archaea to extreme environments are great. Accurate and Responsive Mechanisms to ensure that Taxis patterns provide the needs of the cell, or the need for Bioremediation strategies that control environmental activities, develops important features in the global ecosystem to develop tools that have great economic and health benefits for Includes human beings. This research emphasizes recent progress in recognizing archaea mechanisms and highlights new insights on structural, environmental and habitat studies.
Significance of Archaea in terrestrial biogeochemical cycles and global climate change
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2015
Our understanding of the role of archaea, and their significance, in the biosphere has changed substantially with recent advances in molecular techniques. Large numbers of environmental rRNA gene sequences currently flooding into GenBank illustrates that, archaea are ubiquitous and sometimes quantitatively abundant in the environment. Their importance in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover in marine ecosystems and their dominant role in ammonium oxidation in terrestrial environments has been acknowledged. Knowledge of archaea and the factors determining their metabolism has potential implications for our understanding of plant productivity, carbon sequestration, nitrogen leakage and greenhouse gas (GHG) production. To mitigate global change and rise in GHGs like methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), a multidimensional approach is needed to understand the complex processes. Particularly, we need to understand how different microbial groups participate in the G...
Scientific reports, 2016
The order Thermoplasmatales (Euryarchaeota) is represented by the most acidophilic organisms known so far that are poorly amenable to cultivation. Earlier culture-independent studies in Iron Mountain (California) pointed at an abundant archaeal group, dubbed 'G-plasma'. We examined the genomes and physiology of two cultured representatives of a Family Cuniculiplasmataceae, recently isolated from acidic (pH 1-1.5) sites in Spain and UK that are 16S rRNA gene sequence-identical with 'G-plasma'. Organisms had largest genomes among Thermoplasmatales (1.87-1.94 Mbp), that shared 98.7-98.8% average nucleotide identities between themselves and 'G-plasma' and exhibited a high genome conservation even within their genomic islands, despite their remote geographical localisations. Facultatively anaerobic heterotrophs, they possess an ancestral form of A-type terminal oxygen reductase from a distinct parental clade. The lack of complete pathways for biosynthesis of histi...
Archaea Morphology, Physiology ,Biochemistry and Applications
Domain Archaea is a Domain in Carl Woese ‘s three domain classification of living organisms. The domain contains Prokaryotic microorganisms which are adapted for extreme environments. They show vigorous and stable resistance for extreme and catastrophic environments on Earth. They are most primitive type of organisms on Earth. According to microbiologists, their formation was happened nearly 3.5 billion years ago in early young earth with extreme environments (highly energetic atmosphere, UV, extremely high heat, shock waves due to earthquakes). They have been being evolved for 3.5 billion years. Therefore they are the oldest members in phylogeny. That is why they have adapted for extreme conditions.These organisms are living in both aquatic and terrestrial extreme environments
Biologia, 2019
Archaea are unique microorganisms that are present in ecological niches of high temperature, pH and high salinity. Archaea may be present freely or associated with plant rhizosphere. The plant-microbe interactions may be implicit to plants adaptation to abiotic stress of hypersalinity. With an aim to look for population dynamics of archaea at different seasons of the year in hypersaline environments of Rann of Kutch, the rhizospheric, non-rhizospheric, water and sediment samples were collected during autumn, winter and summer. Sampling sites were selected on the basis of topography and vegetation which included barren land, salt pan and rhizosphere of monocot and dicot plants. Soil pH and salinity (mS cm −1) varied from 7.4-10.15 and 1.19-106.7 respectively. A total of 157 halophilic archaea were isolated using seven different selective media. The isolated archaeal were screened for abiotic stress and it has been found they show the wide range of in the tolerance to temperatures (25-65°C), NaCl concentrations (0.86-5.48 M), water stresses (upto −0.75Mpa) and pH (4-10). The profiling of archaeal community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all archaeal isolates belonged to a family halobacteriaceae of phylum euryarchaeota. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing the cultures were identified and belonged to twenty eight distinct species of 16 genera namely Haladaptatus,
Part 1 - The Archaea: Phyla Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota
The Taxonomic Outline of Bacteria and Archaea, 2007
Pyrobaculum islandicum VP Huber et al. 1988. Source of type material recommended for DOE sponsored genome sequencing by the JGI: DSM 4184. High-quality 16S rRNA sequence S000650841 (RDP), L07511 (Genbank). GOLD ID: Gc00475. GCAT ID: 000134_GCAT. Entrez genome id: 16743. Sequenced strain: DSM 4184 is type material. Genome sequencing is completed. Number of genomes of this species sequenced 1 (GOLD) 1 (NCBI). N4Lid