Awake Bruxism Intensified During COVID-19 Pandemic by Cumulative Stress – An Overview (original) (raw)
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Impact of Confinement by COVID-19 in Awake and Sleep Bruxism Reported by Portuguese Dental Students
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Confinement by COVID-19 was a stressful period that could potentially trigger awake bruxism (AB) and/or sleep bruxism (SB) behaviors. This study aims to characterize the AB and SB behaviors reported by Portuguese dental students before the pandemic and during the first period of mandatory confinement by COVID-19. Dental students were included in this longitudinal study. They answered the Portuguese validated version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC) before the COVID-19 pandemic emerged (T1) and one month after mandatory confinement started in Portugal (T2). Descriptive statistics and the linear-by-linear association test were performed to assess changes over time (p ≤ 0.05). Sixty-four dental students (mean age 22.5 ± 2.8 years; 81.5% females) completed the study protocol. Considering AB, there was a general increase of the behavior from T1 to T2. The percentage of participants who reported to “grind their teeth when waking up” just few times decreased (p < 0.001) and the perc...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the routine way of life, having consequences in many segments of life, including dental practice and education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of probable bruxism in a sample of dental students in Serbia and to estimate the potential association between psychological factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the presence of bruxism. A cross-sectional study included 178 dental students in Serbia, who were interviewed using a specially-designed self-administered online questionnaire, which consisted of three sections, and after that, a clinical examination for the presence of bruxism symptoms in the oral cavity. Psychological status was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Saliva samples were taken to analyze salivary cortisol levels. The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.8%. Respondents with probable bruxism had significantly higher DASS...
Psychologic Stress of COVID-19 Pandemic and Oral Health: A Case Series
Introduction: High stress levels associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may be a risk factor for accelerating inflammatory disease processes, such as periodontitis and peri-implant disease, and parafunctional activities, such as bruxism. Case Presentation: The purpose of this report is to outline unique clinical examples of complications observed in our clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic, review potential mechanisms of action, and offer general recommendations. Conclusions: The consideration of how high levels of psychologic stress might impact patient management is relevant.
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022
Aim: To evaluate the effect of the current coronavirus pandemic on the prevalence of bruxism, oral parafunctions and painful Temporo-Mandibular Disorders (TMDs) and to evaluate the influence of the pandemic on both sexes. Methods: This retrospective study included 288 dental patients who underwent complete anamnesis and examination according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. The study evaluated two patient populations according to the date of examination: (a) pre-COVID-19 pandemic era (108 patients); (b) COVID 19 pandemic era, where 180 patients were examined during the pandemic. Results: A significant increase in parafunction activity was found in both men and women (p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) was more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic solely in women (AB-p < 0.001; SB-p = 0.014). Conclusions: Men and women were affected by the ongoing stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, yet women showed a higher influence as com...
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: In late December 2019, a new pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection began to spread around the world. The new situation gave rise to severe health threats, economic uncertainty, and social isolation, causing potential deleterious effects on people’s physical and mental health. These effects are capable of influencing oral and maxillofacial conditions, such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism, which could further aggravate the orofacial pain. Two concomitant studies aimed to evaluate the effect of the current pandemic on the possible prevalence and worsening of TMD and bruxism symptoms among subjects selected from two culturally different countries: Israel and Poland. Materials and Methods: Studies were conducted as cross-sectional online surveys using similar anonymous questionnaires during the lockdown practiced in both countries. The authors obtained 700 complete responses from Israel and 1092 from Pol...
Assessing the Influence of Increased Stress on Bruxism During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers), 2022
Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the possible relationship between the occurrence of bruxism and perceived stress during the Covid-19 pandemic period. Material and methods: Two questionnaires were administered to one hundred forty-five (145) respondents randomly selected from different age groups and gender. Each patient was screened with and Perceived Stress Scale–10 (PSS-10) containing ten questions. The questionnaire assessed patients about stress related to everyday problems, personal events, and coping methods. The answers were scored using an ordinal five-point scale. In this study, a six-item self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported awake and sleep bruxism. Results: In the present study, bruxism was not statistically significantly correlated with self-reported perceived stress based on PSS-10 (rank correlation coefficient was rho (145) = 0.080, p < 0.341). There was no statistically significant difference within the study group betwee...
Can National Lockdown Due To Covid-19 Be Considered As A Stress Factor For Bruxism In Children
SciDoc Publishers, 2021
Bruxism is a disorder characterized by grinding and clenching of teeth which may be due to various etiological factors. Though various etiological factors have been associated, the exact cause is known. Stress has been positively associated with bruxism. The prevalence of bruxism is seen to be high in children and reduces with age. The lockdown imposed due to COVID-19 has been stressful for children and parents. This study was initiated to explore if lockdown could be considered as stress factor for bruxism in children. An online survey link was shared to 182 parents of 6-8-year-olds. 155 parents responded. 58.7% of the parents reported of bruxism in their children during lockdown period. 60.6% of parents considered locked down to be a cause for stress. An increase in awareness of the clinical features as well as the long-term effects of bruxism is necessary for a better and healthier life of their children. Continuous monitoring of stress levels and mental health of both children and parents during any future quarantine or lockdown period is of prime importance to for optimal health of the body.
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2011
To examine possible associations between self-reported bruxism, stress, desirability of control, dental anxiety and gagging. Five questionnaires were distributed among a general adult population (402 respondents): the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Desirability of Control Scale (DC), Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Gagging Assessment Scale (GAS), and Bruxism Assessment Questionnaire. A high positive correlation between DAS and GAS (R = 0AE604, P < 0AE001) was found. PSS was negatively correlated with DC (R = )0AE292, P < 0AE001), and was positively correlated with GAS (R = 0AE217, P < 0AE001) and DAS (R = 0AE214, P < 0AE001). Respondents who reported bruxing while awake or asleep showed higher levels of GAS, DAS and PSS than those who did not. There were no differences between the bruxers and the non-bruxers (sleep and aware) with regard to the DC scores. The best predictors of awake bruxism were sleep bruxism (OR = 4AE98, CI 95% 2AE54-9AE74) and GAS (OR = 1AE10, CI 95% 1AE04-1AE17). The best predictors of sleep bruxism were awake bruxism (OR = 5AE0, CI 95% 2AE56-9AE78) and GAS (OR = 1AE19; CI 95% 1AE11-1AE27). Self-reported sleep bruxism significantly increases the odds for awake bruxism and vice versa. Tendency for gagging during dental care slightly increases the odds of both types of self-reported bruxism, but desirability of control is not associated with these phenomena.
Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 2022
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, stress levels, and oral health-related quality of life of university students with self-reported sleep/awake bruxism in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Four anonymous questionnaires [Self-reported bruxism, perceived stress scale (PSS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and oral health impact profile-14 [(OHIP-14)] were administered to 310 university student volunteers that were randomly selected from the various provinces of Turkey. The participants were required to respond independently to the questionnaires at home and were encouraged to contact the authors for further assistance if needed. Results: Among the study participants, 56.8% were from the school of dentistry and 43.2% from other departments. Of all the participants, 29% had self-reported awake bruxism and 42.3% had self-reported sleep bruxism. A positive correlation was found between the PSS and OHIP-14 results (23.5%) and between the PSQI and PSS (24.6%) results in the students with self-reported awake bruxism (p=0.235, p=0.246; p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the PSS and OHIP-14 results (23.1%) and between the PSQI and PSS (29.6%) results in the students with self-reported sleep bruxism (p=0.231, p=0.296; p<0.05). Conclusion: Self-reported awake or sleep bruxism was found to be associated with higher stress levels and sleep disturbances and weaker oral health-related quality of life in university students.
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
Background: To determine whether there is a correlation of bruxism (sleep, daytime, or both) with oral health-related quality of life and facial pain of muscular origin in dentate individuals. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four dentate patients (complete dentition) were included in this study. These individuals had pain in the facial muscles due to temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Smokers; and those with obstructive sleep apnea, TMD of joint origin associated or not with pain, malocclusion, and cancer; and users of illicit drugs, psychiatric medications, and alcohol were excluded. Obstructive sleep apnea, bruxism (of sleep and/or daytime), facial muscle pain, and oral health-related quality of life were assessed by the following questionnaires: Berlin Questionnaire, Pintado et al. questionnaire, VAS (Visual Analog Scale) facial muscle pain questionnaire, and Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Four groups were created: 1) no bruxism; 2) sleep bruxism; 3) daytime bruxism; and 4) sleep and daytime bruxism. Spearman's correlation test was applied to verify if there was a correlation between the collected data. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: There was a positive correlation of daytime bruxism with mean pain in the last 3 months (P<0.05) and the worst pain experienced in the last 3 months (P<0.05). Conclusions: Bruxism (sleep, daytime, or both) showed a positive correlation with lower oral health-related quality of life (P<0.05).