Cortinarius sect. Riederi: taxonomy and phylogeny of the new section with European and North American distribution (original) (raw)
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New Cortinarius species from conifer-dominated forests of North America and Europe
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Five new Cortinarius species with medium to large basidiomata are described based on morphological and molecular data. Three of them, Cortinarius aavae, Cortinarius brunneocalcarius, and Cortinarius grosmorneënsis, belong to subgenus Telamonia and one, Cortinarius subfloccopus, to clade /Fulvescentes. The relationship of the fifth species, Cortinarius brunneotinctus, was not solved but it resembles species of clade /Anomali. Cortinarius brunneocalcarius and C. aavae do not have close relatives within the subgenus Telamonia; whereas, C. grosmorneënsis belongs to section Brunnei. Cortinarius grosmorneënsis is only known from eastern Canada, but the other four species have a wide distribution: C. brunneocalcarius and C. subfloccopus occur in North America and Europe, and C. brunneotinctus and C. aavae in western and eastern North America. The descriptions of the novel species are presented and comparison to similar species provided.
Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Multiformes in Europe
The taxonomy and phylogeny of sect. Multiformes (Cortinarius, subgen. Phlegmacium) are presented. The present circumscription of the section is supported by molecular data and morphological features. The taxonomy is complex and many taxa are quite new and little known. Two new species are described. Altogether ten European species are recognized: C. multiformis, C. talimultiformis, C. frondosomultiformis sp. nov., C. rufoallutus, C. talus, C. melleicarneus, C. caesiolamellatus, C. caesiophylloides, C. pallidirimosus and C. armenicorius sp. nov. The ten recognized species are (i) more or less well-supported phylogenetically, but (ii) with a fairly low morphological differentiation. The species differs by >1% in ITS DNA from sister taxa, and each species pair show a morphological differentiation, though in most cases with overlapping characters. For instance, most species have overlapping variation in size and shape of the spores, and less than half of the species have formerly been recognized in morphological studies.
Mycologia
The red species of Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe in Europe were studied based on morphological and molecular data. Three completely red species were recognized: C. sanguineus (syn. C. sanguineus var. aurantiovaginatus), C. puniceus (syn. C. cruentus, C. rubrosanguineus) and C. vitiosus comb. nov. Cortinarius sanguineus has dusky red to red pileus, reddish yellow mycelium and lacking or with only slightly encrusted hyphae in pileipellis. It occurs in mesic to damp forests with Picea, often on rich soil in the boreal and montane areas of Europe, presumably also in eastern Canada. Cortinarius puniceus differs from C. sanguineus by its stronger purplish red, narrower spores and spot-like encrusted hyphae in pileipellis. It grows with deciduous trees in the temperate zone of Europe. Cortinarius vitiosus is known only from Fennoscandia and occurs in dry to mesic coniferous forests. It has fairly thin, often zonate, dark red to dark reddish brown pileus, pale red mycelium, small spores an...
Mycological Progress
In this study, we investigate the phylogeny and taxonomy of the /Camptori clade sensu Soop et al. (2019a). Based on combined nrDNA ITS phylogenetic, morphological, and ecological analyses, the clade includes six species in Europe, four of which are described here as new to science: Cortinarius malavalii, C. marklundii, C. violaceoserrulatus, and C. viridocaelestinus. We also provide a taxonomic revision of the two known species in the clade, C. camptoros and C. viridocoeruleus. In its current concept, the /Camptori clade is mostly represented in frondose woodlands of southern Europe and none of the species is found in the boreal coniferous zones of Northern Europe. Three species are strictly thermophilous Mediterranean-submediterranean species associated mainly with southern Quercus spp., whereas C. camptoros is found mainly in montane Abies forests, and C. marklundii reaches boreonemoral Tilia-Corylus sites in S Scandinavia and alpine Dryas sites in Spain. An identification key to ...
The species of Cortinarius, section Bovini, associated with conifers in northern Europe
Mycologia
Cortinarius bovinus and morphologically similar conifer-associated species were studied using material mainly from northern Europe. To stabilize the nomenclature, relevant types were examined. Phylogenetic relationships and species limits were investigated with rDNA ITS and nuclear rpb2 sequences as well as morphological data. We recognize seven species: C. bovinus (neotypified) and six new species, C. anisochrous, C. bovinaster, C.bovinatus, C. fuscobovinus, C. fuscobovinaster and C. oulankaënsis. Their taxonomy, ecology, distribution and relationships are discussed, and a key to species is provided. Based on our phylogeny and morphological data the species were placed in section Bovini.
Cortinarius is the largest genus of mushroom forming fungi with several subgenera having ectomycorrhizal associations with coniferous trees and other plants. In view of limited studies on this speciose genus from the Himalayan region, a morpho-molecular phylogenetic approach was employed to study this taxon. Phylogenetic analysis and Bayesian inference of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) separated these sequences along with the identical sequences from Gene bank into three distinct clads with high bootstrap values suggesting the possibility of new taxa. The new species were found to possess some diagnostic features that separated them from other closely related species in each section. Based on our study in the Kashmir Himalayan forests, we report three new species of Cortinarius from the Indian subcontinent. The identified species, C. cibum, C. neocephalixus, and C. nigricans belong to subgenera Myxacium, Phlegmacium and Telamonia. A taxonomi...
Cortinarius prodigiosus — a new species of the subgenus Phlegmacium from Central Europe
A new species, Cortinarius prodigiosus, is reported from the Czech Republic and Hungary. This medium-sized Phlegmacium is distinguished by a yellow pileus and lower part of stipe, by greyish-violet lamellae, and by strikingly bicolorous flesh: yellow in most parts of stipe and whitish in pileus. On the basis of its morphological and molecular characters (ITS rDNA and LSU D1/D2 domain), this novel taxon can be assigned to the Splendentes group of the section Calochroi; it occurs in thermophilous oak forests on calcareous bedrock.