Routes for Campylobacter contamination of poultry meat: epidemiological study from hatchery to slaughterhouse (original) (raw)
Related papers
Food Microbiology, 2010
A study was conducted in 2008 to estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for Campylobacter spp. contamination of broiler carcasses during the slaughtering process. A pool of 10 caeca and one carcass were collected from 425 batches of broiler chickens slaughtered in 58 French slaughterhouses over a 12-month period. Potential risk factors were identified according to the Campylobacter contamination status of carcasses and processing variables identified from questionnaires. The statistical analysis took into account confounding factors that have already been associated with the presence of Campylobacter on carcasses such as the slaughter age of the chicken or seasonal variations. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from 77.2% of caeca (95% CI 73.2 to 81.2) and from 87.5% of carcasses (95% CI 84.4 to 90.7). A multiple logistic regression showed 4 parameters as significant risk factors (p < 0.05) for contamination: (I) batches were not the first to be slaughtered in the logistic schedule (OR ¼ 3.5), (II) temperature in the evisceration room was higher than 15 C (OR ¼ 3.1), (III) dirty marks on carcasses after evisceration were visible (OR ¼ 2.6) and (IV) previous thinning of the flocks, from which slaughtered batches came, had occurred at the farm (OR ¼ 3.3). This last result highlighted the need for sanitary precautions to be taken when catching birds for transport. At the slaughterhouse, evisceration seemed to be the operation contributing most to the spread of contamination. Effective risk management solutions could include the systematic external rinsing of carcasses after evisceration and the implementation of slaughtering schedules according to the Campylobacter contamination status of flocks.
Campylobacter contamination during poultry slaughter in Belgium
Journal of Food …, 2006
The relation between internal carriage and surface contamination with thermophilic Campylobacter species in broilers was examined by molecular typing methods. Samples from 39 flocks were collected from three Belgian poultry slaughterhouses. From each flock, crop swabs before slaughter, and intestines and neck skins during slaughter were collected. A total of 308 isolates were identified at species level and further characterized by flagellinA PCR/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. Isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (88.9%), Campylobacter coli (8.8%) and Campylobacter lari (2.3%) and 27 genotypes could be distinguished. In only six flocks, genotypes isolated from the neck skins were also found in the alimentary tract from previously slaughtered flocks. Four of these flocks were initially Campylobacter free.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2018
This study was carried out during the period from April to June 2017 in Bahri locality, Sudan. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the hygienic biosecurity practices designed to control campylobacter contamination in broiler primary production and processing. Selective media Charcoal Cefoperazone Desoxycholate Agar (CCDA) and Bolton broth media were used to isolate Campylobacter spp. from poultry primary production and primary processing. Sixty samples were collected randomly from two poultry farms (34 fecal and 2 litter samples) and their slaughterhouses (12 carcass after evisceration and 12 after immersion chilling). The percentage of Campylobacter species isolated from total number of samples was 7 (11.7%). The results represented 5 (14.7%) isolates from feacal samples, 2 (16.7%) from pre chill carcasses and no isolates from composite litter and post chill carcasses samples were detected. Also, different species of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in the medium of Campylobacter. The isolated Enterobacteriaceae were as fallow: 36% Klebsiella spp., 20% Proteus spp., 3.3% E. coli and 28.3% samples were negative to any bacterial growth. With respect to farm samples, fecal samples yielded the highest percentage of positive results for campylobacter spp. (14.7%) when compared to composite litter samples (0%). As to slaughterhouse samples, pre chill carcass samples yielded the highest percentage of positive results for campylobacter spp. (16.7%) when compared to post chill carcass samples (0%). This study indicated that poultry broiler farms had several species of bacterial pathogens during rearing and processing that can grow in Campylobacter medium.
SCVMJ, XIX (2) 2014 Incidence of Campylobacter in slaughtered chicken
A total 2565 samples (1890 samples of frozen chicken, 660 samples of freshly slaughter chicken were collected from neck skin, cloacal skin and drip and 15 samples of washing containers) from super market and slaughter poultry house in Egypt and examined for presence of Campylobacter. The Campylobacter was detected by 16.7 % of all examined samples. Incidence of Campylobacter in frozen samples was 7.94 %, 1.59 %, 9.0 % in neck skin, cloacal skin and drip respectively. The results freshly slaughter chicken of revealed 32.73 % incidence of Campylobacter in samples. The incidence of Campylobacter in the examined washing water were 100%. The cross contamination was occurred during the slaughter processing. And Continues test of poultry carcasses and by-product before packing and distribution is highly recommended with application of good hygienic measure importance to reduce human infection. Introduction Campylobactriosis is the major important zoonotic gastrointestinal disease around th...
Incidence of Campylobacter in slaughtered chicken
Suez Canal Veterinary Medicine Journal. SCVMJ
A total 2565 samples (1890 samples of frozen chicken, 660 samples of freshly slaughter chicken were collected from neck skin, cloacal skin and drip and 15 samples of washing containers) from super market and slaughter poultry house in Egypt and examined for presence of Campylobacter. The Campylobacter was detected by 16.7 % of all examined samples. Incidence of Campylobacter in frozen samples was 7.94 %, 1.59 %, 9.0 % in neck skin, cloacal skin and drip respectively. The results freshly slaughter chicken of revealed 32.73 % incidence of Campylobacter in samples. The incidence of Campylobacter in the examined washing water were 100%. The cross contamination was occurred during the slaughter processing. And Continues test of poultry carcasses and by-product before packing and distribution is highly recommended with application of good hygienic measure importance to reduce human infection.
Study of Thermophilic Campylobacter Contamination of a Broiler Batch at Slaughter
Acta Scientiae …, 2012
Background: Broilers are a reservoir of Campylobacter (C.), an important causal agent of gastroenteritis mostly associated to handling and consumption of broiler meat. The majority of broiler fl ocks are colonized by thermophilic Campylobacter at the slaughter age, and carcasses might be contaminated throughout the processing line. Since surveillance is crucial to evaluate and improve approaches to reduce Campylobacter spread during broiler processing, a cross-sectional study was carried out to detect the level of Campylobacter contamination in a broiler at slaughter. Materials, Methods & Results: Cloacal swabs, caeca and whole carcasses were taken from a broiler fl ock slaughtered in Southern Brazil. Samples were individually inoculated in Bolton Broth (BB) and incubated at 41.5°C in a microaerobic atmosphere for 44 h, when the enriched culture was inoculated onto modifi ed Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA) and Campy-Cefex Agar (CCA) plates. All plates were incubated at 41.5°C in the microaerobic atmosphere for 44 h. Aliquots of each enriched BB were collected and submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the genetic relatedness of isolates was analyzed by pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 3 (9.4%) cloacal swabs were positive for C. jejuni. No Campylobacter was isolated from any of the caecal contents or broiler carcasses analyzed. In addition, negative mCCDA and CCA plates showed an abundant growth of contaminant cells. The PCR assay detected all thermophilic Campylobacter reference strains tested and also the Arcobacter species. No amplifi ed product was obtained from the non-related bacterial species analyzed. It was possible to identify 29 (90.6%) cloacal swabs, 32 (97.0%) caecal contents and 31 (100%) broiler carcasses Campylobacter-positive by PCR analysis. PFGE typing of the C. jejuni isolated resulted in two clearly distinguished genotypes which were grouped into different clusters. Discussion: The detection of C. jejuni in only few cloacal swabs sampled contrasts with higher frequencies of Campylobacter previously described in broilers. However, the enrichment culture of fecal samples might be compromised by the many competing non-target bacteria present, which may have prevented the detection of Campylobacter-positive samples. In addition, the BB and selective media containing cefoperazone might have allowed the growth of cefoperazone-resistant contaminant cells from fecal and carcasses samples, which masked Campylobacter cells onto mCCDA and CCA. To improve the detection of Campylobacter in broiler samples, alternative antimicrobial supplements or reduction of the time of enrichment has already been suggested. PCR showed a higher number of positive samples, which might refl ect the increased ability of the PCR assay to detect either injured cells in conventional enrichment culture or Campylobacter that were masked by the proliferation of competing cells onto selective media used. The PCR assay was able to detect all the reference strains of thermophilic Campylobacter, but also the related Arcobacter species. However, the temperature of incubation of the enriched cultures associated to the selective pressure of the antimicrobials present in the BB restricts the growth of Arcobacter and the false-positive results observed using PCR. The subtypes of the C. jejuni strains isolated showed that the target broiler fl ock was simultaneously colonized by more than one C. jejuni strain which might be the result of introduction of Campylobacter from different sources at farm. PCR analysis showed high Campylobacter contamination level of the target fl ock at slaughter, pointing to the need for additional studies to investigate Campylobacter sources at broiler processing.
Sources of poultry meat contamination with thermophilic Campylobacter before slaughter
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2005
The possible sources of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat before slaughter were studied by examining samples of feathers, cloaca swabs, litter swabs, transport coops, rinse water from coop washing equipment, and chicken breast supports in the slaughter line just before stunning. The samples were collected from 8 broiler houses and from 8 different producers, from a poultry integration system in southern Brazil. The study was carried out over a 12-month period, and each broiler house was sampled in three consecutive flocks, for a total of 24 flocks/broiler house. Campylobacter was found in 79.2% of the feather samples, followed by cloacal swabs (75.0%) and transport coop (50.0%), litter (37.5%), breast support (33.3%) and coop rinse water (25.0%) samples. Considering the combined results of cloacal, feather and litter samples, 21 (87.5%) of the 24 chicken batches contained thermophilic Campylobacter in at least one of these samples prior to slaughter. Thermophilic Campylobacter were found in 22 of 24 chicken batches destined to slaughter, corresponding to 91.7% contaminated batches.
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2007
Aim: To enumerate Campylobacter on poultry carcasses at the end of the slaughter-line, and investigate the extent to which Campylobacter from a positive flock were transmitted to other flocks during slaughter. Methods and Results: The presence (in caeca) and the level (from carcasses) of Campylobacter were determined. The isolates were fingerprinted by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). A total of three of 13 broiler flocks and three of four-layer flocks harboured caecal Campylobacter. Carcasses from the caeca-positive broiler flocks were Campylobacter positive with numbers ranging from 2AE6 · 10 4 to 2AE6 · 10 6 CFU per carcass. Two caeca-negative broiler flocks, slaughtered directly after the positive broiler flocks, had the first carcasses contaminated with Campylobacter, with numbers below 2 · 10 4 CFU per carcass of the same AFLP haplotypes as the preceding flock. Campylobacter was detected on carcasses from only one of the caeca-positive layer flocks in numbers below 2 · 10 4 CFU per carcass. No Campylobacter was detected on carcasses from a flock succeeding the positive-layer flocks. Conclusion: Carcasses from Campylobacter-positive broiler flocks were heavily contaminated with Campylobacter, and transmitted low levels of Campylobacter to carcasses from negative flocks, slaughtered directly after. Campylobacterpositive layer flocks had low numbers of Campylobacter on the carcasses. Significance and Impact of the Study: The results indicate limited crosscontamination of Campylobacter between flocks at the slaughterhouse, reducing the advantage of logistic slaughter.