Hurricane of 1914 and its Social Consequences in the South-East Azov Sea Region: Based on Periodicals and Archival Documents (original) (raw)
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Bylye Gody, 2020
The article considers the consequences of a storm in the Caspian, Black and Azov Seas in the autumn, which led to icing of ships at sea, as well as to the death of the population in coastal areas due to flood surges. The Caspian Sea storm began on November 12 and lasted for 6-7 days due to the passage of a cyclone over all of southeastern Russia. Weather conditions on the three seas were the same-the storm was accompanied by a sharp drop in temperature to negative values, which led to the icing of a significant number of ships, longboats and barges, and the death of fishermen. The tragedy that broke out in the three southern seas could have been avoided, because there was information about the impending cyclone on November 6. It should be noted that this information was available only to captains and crew members of the courts, the population of the coastal territories was not aware of it. The victims of the maritime disaster were primarily members of the crews of ships caught in the raid, as well as fishermen. There is no summary data on the number of victims, but only in the Caspian Sea their number was more than 300. Wind waves also led to a large-scale surge flooding on the northwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, as a result of which coastal areas were flooded, with fishing villages located on them, fishing establishments and Kalmyk cattle breeder settlements. Residents of the flooded territories died not only as a result of the flood, but also in the absence of suitable houses, severe weather, cold and diseases. In the research, author defines the assistance provided to victims at sea and on land: at sea, the rescue operations were organized by the administration of shipping companies, and on the coastal territories, this work was provided and supervised by representatives of regional authorities (governors). Funds for saving ships at sea were obtained from shipping companies, while the money to help the residents of coastal territories came both from the state treasury (from the Emperor and the governor), and mutual assistance funds (voluntary donations). The consequence of this tragedy at sea was the approval of the icebreaking program for 1911-1913 in the southern seas. The materials for preparing the article were documents from the funds of the State Archives of the Krasnodar Krai, the State Archives of the Republic of Crimea, the Central State Archives of the Republic of Dagestan, as well as publications in the periodical press of that time.
Archaeological excavations in Azov in 2013-2014 (in Russian)
Historical and Archaeological Research in Azov and the Lower Don in 2013-2014, 2016
The PDF file also comprises the following articles, published in the one volume of Historical and Archaeological Research in Azov and the Lower Don in 2013-2014. Some of them were written solely by the author while others are co-authored. 1. Goncharova S.M., Shirochenko E.B., Kharenko M.V., Goncharov M.Yu., Maslovskiy A.N., Minaev A.P., Iudin N.I. - Arhaeologial explorations in Azov in 2013-1014. 2. Iudin N.I. Archaeological excavations in Azov in 2014. 3. Iudin N.I. Archaeological prospecting in Azov and Azov District in 2013-2014 .
THE JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY AND CULTUROLOGY
The article is devoted to the study of the informational content of the records of Ivan Shterev (1910–1989), a native of the Bulgarian village of Inzovka, located in the Northern Azov Sea (Tavria) – “The Shterev family. Autobiographical Memoirs”. Their text shows the main trends in the mutual influences of the main ethnic groups of the region. It makes it possible to study specific manifestations of an antagonistic and complementary nature in interethnic relations and the role of the Sovietization factor of the Bulgarian village in southern Ukraine in the interpenetration of cultures. The influence of the education factor on the formation of foreign and supranational identities among the Bulgarian youth of the region is established. Based on broad empirical material, the penetration of the so-called "new socialist way of life" into the traditional Bulgarian peasant environment is studied: the assimilation of national clothes, forms of leisure, a shift in the emphasis of li...
Manuscript. The dissertation is for the scientific degree of a candidate of historical sciences within specialty 07.00.01. - History of Ukraine. – Mykolaiv V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University, Mykolaiv, 2016 (170 pages). (Auf Ukrainisch). , 2016
Formation of the historical consciousness of the Greek community of Ukrainian Azov Sea Area (from the end of the 18th till the beginning of the 21st century). –Manuscript. The dissertation is for the scientific degree of a candidate of historical sciences within specialty 07.00.01. - History of Ukraine. – Mykolaiv V.O. Sukhomlynskyi National University, Mykolaiv, 2016. The purpose of this dissertation study is to explore the process of the making of the historical consciousness of the Greek community of Ukrainian Azov Sea Area (from the end of the 18th till the beginning of the 21st century). The data is analyzed using the constant comparative method. The process of transformations of Greeks’ historical consciousness is determined on the basis of historical sources and considered in relation to the official and non-official historiography, using the author's methodology. The social phenomenon is studied through five levels of functioning: state, confessional, national, local and civilizational. As well as means of formation, consisting of all social and political institutions and phenomena such as, for example, literature, science, education, social and political order, culture, folklore, etc. The study begins in the years shortly before the resettlement of Greeks from the Crimea to Azov Sea Area, i.e. the event, which formed the Mariupol community of Greeks. At the end of the 18th century the Greek historical consciousness had national and religious levels of functioning, formed itself by means of social and political system of the Ottoman Empire, the church education and literature, and in the civilization sense was based on orthodox Christian beliefs and values. The state along with the confessional level was expressed in uniting the whole Greek community by the Ottoman power into Rum Millet that had its own legal, administrative and fiscal components, its own elite and international language (“Middle Byzantine Apla”).This gave the historical consciousness stability and perfection. It served the specific social and political system and its needs and was an important community control tool. The same situation was observed in the Crimea. Only the local level, as elsewhere, had local peculiarities. In the 1770's as a result of the occupation of the Crimea by Russian troops the Crimean community of Greeks, having actualized in that account the historical consciousness, in an organized way and in full, resettled to the territories of Ukrainian Azov Sea Area. At that time the main part of Rum Millet experienced the national revolution and the formation of several states in the Orthodox peoples. One of them was Greece, that significantly transformed the Greek historical consciousness in its own interests. The confessional community turned into national. The “purification” process of the historical consciousness, language, personal names and surnames of all non-Greek components began. At that time the idea “pure Greek” and “Katharevousa” – purified language – were formed. After the Greeks’ resettlement from the Crimea to Azov Sea Area during the years 1780-1859, the Greek community of Crimean migrants turned into a semi-isolated homogeneous community – Mariupol Greeks. In the new social and political environment the Greek historical consciousness lost the religious and state level of functioning, and the means of its support were significantly narrowed. At that time the historical memory was held up only by the parochial school, oral history and personal experience of the bearers. The above basis became the ground for the formation of the special community “Mariupol Greeks” with its own history. However, in the second half of the 19th century, along with the deprivation of Mariupol Greeks of benefits, to the local level the new one was added – ethnic. It refers to the local ethnographic and historical research. They forwarded significant changes in the understanding by the representatives of the Mariupol community of Greeks of their past. The Mariupol high school and dozens of territorial public schools, the concept of the history of local Greeks transformed the content of the historical consciousness. It is then the division of local Greeks into “Tatar-Greeks” and “Pure Greeks” began. The isolation of the local community from common Greek historical consciousness should be also underlined. It intensified during the 20-30’s of the 20th century, when the measures of the Soviet government were related mainly to the development of national level of historical consciousness functioning. Herewith a wide range of the means of its formation was used: the establishment of national Greek education system, administrative districts and village councils, national literature, media, national museums and theaters were established. A specific consequence of this period is the division of the local community into Greek-Hellenes and Greeks-Tatars, which from then on became quite common. It should be emphasized that at that time the religious level of identity use was artificially degraded, which in the Crimean times was the basis of Greeks’ confessional identity. The fold up of the localization policy led to the loss of value of Greek historical consciousness and its existence at the level of personal experience and oral history up to the 70’s of the 20th century. However, already in the 80's, along with the democratic changes in the society its use spread again like never before on state, national, religious levels supported by science, educational system, public and international organizations, media, oral history, festivals and other various means. It is the period that demonstrates phenomenal dependence of the local Greek historical consciousness on external factors. When in Soviet times it is present only in the form of recollections of the Crimean past and the local ceremonies, and in a few decades already as a result of democratic changes in the social and political life it became more active and developed into a variety of historical concepts from “Greeks - the descendants of the ancient Hellenes” to “autochthonous Crimean people”.
167. Вдовченков Е.В. Этническая ситуация в Северном Причерноморье и Приазовье по данным Певтингеровой карты // Древнейшие государства Восточной Европы» («Черноморский регион в античности и раннем средневековье. М., ИВИ РАН, 2023. С. 331-353., 2023
THE ETHNIC SITUATION IN THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA AND AZOV SEA REGION ACCORDING TO THE TABULA PEUTINGERIANA The purpose of the article is to determine the ethnic situation in the steppe zone of the Northern Black Sea and the Azov Sea according to the Tabula Peutingeriana and to date this information. The article avoids the cities of the Bosporus and the North Caucasus. Changes of the ethnic and political situation in the steppe zone of Europe under the influence of migrations of nomads and other peoples (for example, Goths) permit to date the information on the Tabula Peutingeriana. The attention is mostly paid to the locations of such peoples as Roxolani, Sarmatians of Central 353 Europe, Maeotians, Caucasian Alans. At the same time such ethnonyms like Siraces, Aspurgiani, Psaccani, being in accordance with anticient tradition, prevent narrowing the chronological framework of the Tabula’s data. The Maeotians of the Lower Don existed from the boundary of the two eras till the middle of the 3rd century. The Roxolani dwelled between the Carpathian Mountains and the Dnieper from the middle of the 1st century to about the middle of the 3rd century. Caucasian Alans could not appear on the Tabula earlier than the 2nd century. Archeological realities permit to supplement and arrange the ethnic situation. Also, the author draws attention to the peoples which are not present on the Tabula Peutingeriana, such as Goths, Alans and Aorsi in the Northern Black Sea, and Huns. All these data permit to suggest that the Tabula shows the location of the peoples of the Northern Black Sea and the Azov Sea between mid-2nd and mid-3rd centuries or maybe rather between the boundary of the 2nd/3rd centuries and the first half of the 3rd century. One can clearly see that the central idea of the Tabula Peutingeriana is its being a comprehensive itinerary, a bunch of the roads connecting the Roman Empire and the Orient. Therefore, everything behind the road net, the Tabula’s edge, its periphery, is not very important. Its source was not a literary tradition (like in the case of Ammianus Marcellinus’ work), but rather more contemporaneous data. Apparently, the author of the version of the 3rd century desired to fill the space of the oikumene with relevant information, but did not delve into the information on the regions distant from the road net
Everyday Life and Social Responses to the Epidemics of 1914–2020. Collection of Works. Milan Ristović (editor), 2021
Milan Ristović* BETWEEN THE SUPPRESSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THEIR IDEOLOGICAL USE IN OCCUPIED SERBIA IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR Suggestion for further research Abstract: Experiences with epidemics of infectious disease during and at the end of the First World War, including the typhus epidemic in Serbia 1914-1915, were the basis for fear of their recurrence during the Second World War. At the top of the list of the most undesirable course of events was certainly the outbreak of the typhus epidemic, as an infection that “traditionally” accompanied all major military conflicts from ancient times and attacked armies and civilians alike. On the example of the attitude of the German military-occupation authorities and the Serbian collaborationist administration towards two infectious diseases, typhus (in both its manifestations) and syphilis, an attempt was made to sketch a possible further research of the connection between imposed and forced behavior of authorities and efforts of medical experts in the suppression of these diseases and their sentimentalization in the political and ideological discourse of occupation practice. Restrictions set by scarce and available primary and secondary sources influenced these issues to be monitored only during the first two years of occupation (1941–1942). Key words: World War II, Serbia, occupation, typhoid fever, syphilis, prostitution