Measurement of Radionuclides and Gamma-Ray Dose Rate in Soil and Transfer of Radionuclides from Soil to Vegetation, Vegetable of Some Northern Area of Pakistan Using γ-Ray Spectrometry (original) (raw)
Radioactivity Levels and Gamma-Ray Dose Rate in Soil
The analysis of naturally occurring radionuclides (226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K) and an anthropogenic radionuclide 137 Cs is carried out in some soil samples collected from Kohistan district of N.W.F.P. (Pakistan), using gamma-ray spectrometry. The gamma spectrometry is operated using a high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector coupled with a computer based high resolution multi channel analyzer. The specific activity in soil ranges from 24.72
Chinese Physics Letters, 2011
The purpose of this study was to measure the radioactivity in the agricultural soil of southeast of Shazand Refinery Complex to determine both reliable baseline data on the radiation level and the radiation dose exposure to the farmers and inhabitants of the studied area. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 21 soil samples collected from two different lands. Sampling spots in each land were selected for the assessment of specific activities of radionuclides of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K, and 137 Cs by using high purity germanium detector setup. Standards of International Atomic Energy Agency references material gamma ray uranium, reference gamma-ray thorium, and reference gamma-ray potassium were used for quality control and determining efficiency calibration. All samples were examined for radium equivalent, absorbed gamma dose rate, internal hazard index, external radiation hazard, annual gonadal dose equivalent, indoor and outdoor annual effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk. Results: The specific activities of radionuclides 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K, and 137 Cs varied from13.12 to 33.03, 11.3 to 35.86, 257.82 to 605.5, and 1.28 to 13.36 Bq/kg, respectively. Moreover, the results of this study were compared with those reported from other countries and worldwide average. Conclusion: Although all samples were polluted by the 137 Cs fission product, the measured values were within the global reported safety limits. Therefore, there is no risk for farmers and inhabitants in this region.
Journal of Radiation and Nuclear Applications, 2018
Soil samples were collected from four tehsils of district Chakwal, Pakistan with an aim to measure naturally occurring radio-nuclides in this region. Radioactivities of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K are measured using high purity germanium (HPGe) based gamma ray spectrometry system. The measured mean specific activity concentrations of 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K in the soil samples was 34.27 ± 1.28, 51.59 ± 2.73 Bqkg-1 and 606.42 ± 21.23 Bqkg-1. From the measured activity concentrations of soil samples, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard indices, terrestrial absorbed dose, gamma representative Index, annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and estimated life time cancer risk were calculated. Mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq), outdoor radiation hazard index (Hex), indoor radiation hazard index (Hin), absorbed dose rate (D) and gamma representative Index (Iγ) for soil were found to be 155.02 ± 6.66 Bqkg-1 0.42 ± 0.2, 0.51 ± 0.2, 73.35 ± 2.69 nGyh-1 and 1.15 ± 0.01 respectively. The calculated annual effective dose, annual gonadal dose, and estimated life time cancer risk for soil samples were 0.13 ± 0.01 mSvy-1 ,512.78 ± 18.50 mSvy-1 , and 0.47 x 10-3 respectively. Frequency distribution and activity concentration of measured radionuclides for all sampling sites are presented. The geo statistical mapping was created to indicate the activity distribution in the studied area. On the basis of measured activity and calculated values of hazards indices, it is concluded that the surveyed area is not a major source of radiation hazards and do not pose any health problem.
Radiation Measurements, 2005
The activity concentrations and the gamma-absorbed dose rates of the terrestrial naturally occurring radio nuclides viz. 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K were determined in soil samples collected from some areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, using gamma ray spectrometry. The soil activity ranges from 18.22 to 90.30 Bq kg −1 for 226 Ra, 34.80 to 124.68 Bq kg −1 for 232 Th and 80.42 to 181.41 Bq kg −1 for 40 K with mean values of 57, 87 and 143 Bq kg −1 , respectively. The concentrations of these radionuclides are compared with the available data from other countries. The measured activity concentration of 226 Ra and 232 Th in soil is higher and for 40 K is lower than the world average. Radium equivalent activities are calculated for the analyzed samples to assess the radiation hazards arising due to the use of these soil samples in the construction of dwellings. All the soil samples have radium equivalent activities lower than the limit set in the OECD report (370 Bq kg −1 ). The overall mean outdoor terrestrial gamma dose rate is 86.54 nGy h −1 and the corresponding outdoor annual effective dose is 0.11 mSv. The activity concentration of 238 U has also been determined using fission track technique and the values range from 1.18 to 5.12 ppm with mean value of 2.13 ppm. The content of radioactive elements in the soil of Palmpur area is found to be more compared with the samples from the other study areas of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.
Atmospheric Environment, 2005
226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K analysis has been carried out in soil samples collected from some areas of Himachal Pradesh, India using g-ray spectrometry. The measured activity in soil ranges from 42.09 to 79.63 Bq kg À1 , 52.83 to 105.81 Bq kg À1 and 95.33 to 160.30 Bq kg À1 for 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K with the mean values of 57.34, 82.22 and 135.75 Bq kg À1 , respectively. The measured activity concentration of 226 Ra and 232 Th in soil samples collected from these areas is higher and for 40 K is lower than the world average. The radium equivalent activity in all the soil samples is lower than the safe limit set in the OECD report (370 Bq kg À1 ). The value of the external exposure dose has been determined from the content of these radionuclides in soil. It has been observed that on the average, the outdoor terrestrial gamma air absorbed dose rate is about 83.28 nGy h À1 . The study yields an annual effective dose in the range of 0.07-0.13 mSv. The average value of annual effective dose lies in the global range of outdoor radiation exposure given in United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) [(2000). Effects and risks of ionizing radiations. UN, NY]. The activity concentration of 238 U has also been determined using fission track technique and the values range from 3.26 to 7.71 mg kg À1 with a mean value of 4.38 mg kg À1 .
Assessment of radioactivity in some soil samples of Qatar by gamma-ray spectroscopy
The activity concentrations of some natural and artificial radionuclides have been measured in soil samples by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a high purity germanium detector. From the obtained gamma-ray spectra, the activity concentrations of 238 U and 232 Th natural decay series and the long-lived naturally occurring radionuclide 40 K have been determined, in addition to the fission product 137 Cs. A wide range of different gamma-ray lines ranging from ~100 keV up to 2.6 MeV, associated with the decay products of 238 U and 232 Th series have been analyzed independently to obtain more statistically significant overall results. The data have been analyzed, when secular equilibrium of the radionuclides is achieved within the samples. The weighted activity concentrations of 238 U and 232 Th series vary from 4.4 to 64.4 and 0.8 to 7.6 Bq/kg, respectively. The activity concentrations of 40 K and 137 Cs have been found in the range of 13.6 to 179.5 and 0.3 to 3.7 Bq/kg, respectively. Based on the measured activity concentrations, dose rate, radium equivalent, radiation hazard index and annual effective dose rates have been estimated. The values obtained are within the recommended safety limits.
Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 2012
The activity concentrations of some natural and artificial radionuclides have been measured in soil samples by gamma-ray spectroscopy using a high purity germanium detector. From the obtained gamma-ray spectra, the activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th natural decay series and the long-lived naturally occurring radionuclide 40K have been determined, in addition to the fission product 137Cs. A wide range of different gamma-ray lines ranging from -100 keV up to 2.6 MeV, associated with the decay products of238U and232Th series have been analyzed independently to obtain more statistically significant overall results. The data have been analyzed, when secular equilibrium of the radionuclides is achieved within the samples. The weighted activity concentrations of 238U and232Th series vary from 4.4 to 64.4 and 0.8 to 7.6 Bq/kg, respectively. The activity concentrations of 40K and 137Cs have been found in the range of13.6 to 179.5 and 0.3 to 3.7 Bq/kg, respectively. Based on the measur...
2020
Assurance of naturally occurring radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil and vegetable samples were determined from tests gathered from Zuway (Batu) area, Ethiopia. The territory where the agriculture industry discharges synthetic to the lake and this water can be utilized by farmers for water system reason and the means to investigate the degree of natural radioactivity in soil and vegetables and its transfer from soil to vegetables by using a sodium iodide NaI(TI) detectors. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil tests were 109.06±0.027 to 157.88±0.025Bq kg/1 (normal =131.64Bkg/1), 9.03±0.009 to 14.49±0.006 Bqkg/1 (normal =10.4 Bqkg/1) and 14.55±0.004 to 34.98±0.017Bq kg/1 (normal =26.44Bqkg/1), individually. In vegetable samples (onion and cabbage) from similar areas, the radioactivity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 76.7±0.025 to 183.45±0.025Bq kg–1 (normal =143.39Bq kg–1), 17.7±0.008 to 33.95±0.006 Bq kg–1 (normal = 24.58Bq kg–1) and 18.66±0.0...
Assessment of Natural radioactivity levels in soil samples of Bidar district by Gamma Spectrometry
Natural radioactivity measurement, radiation monitoring of the region, dose assessment and interpretation of radiological related parameters are crucial aspects from the public awareness and environmental safety point of view. The ionizing radiations (γ-rays) emitted from radionuclides such as 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K present in environmental materials contributes significantly to the external radiation dose received by the public. High Efficiency gamma spectrometry based on 4"X4" NaI(Tl) detector was employed for estimating activity concentrations of the gamma emitting radioelements. The spectra from the detector were recorded using a PC based 1k multichannel analyzer system (WinTMCA 32). Each sample spectra was acquired for a counting period of 60,000 seconds (16.67 h). Assuming the daughter products of 226 Ra and 232 Th in equilibrium, the activity concentration of these radionuclides were estimated by using the prominent gamma photo peaks of daughter products. Using the same technique, dose related radiological parameters were calculated for all the samples. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides and the dose related parameters for the samples were found to be comparable with the global literature values. The data generated from our study will contribute to the base line radiological data of the region.