Associated risk factor of tuberculosis infection among adult patients in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia (original) (raw)
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Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
PLOS ONE, 2019
Background Tuberculosis remains a major public-health problem in the world, despite several efforts to improve case identification and treatment compliance. It is well known cause of ill-health among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. Despite implementation of the World health organization recommended strategy, the reductions in the incidence of TB have been minimal in high burden countries.
Determinants of active pulmonary tuberculosis in Ambo Hospital, West Ethiopia
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 2015
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis seen in cases in Ambo Hospital, Ethiopia.Design: A facility-based prospective case-control study.Setting: Patients attending Ambo Hospital from 01 December 2011 to 29 March 2012.Participants: The sample included 312 adult patients attending Ambo Hospital. The main outcome measure was presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Explanatory measures: Age, gender, occupation, educational status, marital status, place of residence, patient history of TB, family history of TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, smoking, alcohol intake, khat chewing, body mass index (BMI), employment, diabetes, history of asthma, previous history of worm infestation, history of hospitalisation, number of adults living in the household (HH), person per room, housing condition.Results: A total of 312 study participants, including 104 active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases (cases) and 208...
2017
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is the third leading causes of death among adults in sub-Saharan Africa after Human Immunodeficiency virus and malaria. Ethiopia is one of the 22 high burden countries and the country is rated 7th among the 22 burden countries. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to identify determinants of tuberculosis among adults in Jabi tehnan district. Method: Unmatched case control study was conducted among 100 cases and 300 controls to identify determinants of tuberculosis among adults. Simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were collected from the study population using structured questionnaire through observation and face to face interview. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between outcome and independent factors. Results: A total of 400 study subjects were participated in this study. Independent dete...
Infection and Drug Resistance, 2020
Background: Ethiopia is one of the 22 high tuberculosis burden countries. In our country. there are limited published data to show the trend analysis of tuberculosis. Hence, we designed this trend analysis to fill the information gap in our study area. Institutional based retrospective cross-sectional study was employed from 2013 to 2018 to determine the trend analysis of tuberculosis among tuberculosis presumptive clients in Northwestern Tigrai. We have used a standard checklist to extract the data. There were some missing data from the logbooks which are then excluded from the analysis. Results: A total of 7793 tuberculosis presumptive clients were requested for laboratory diagnosis of which about 7639 results had a valid result for X-pert MTB/Rif assay. The overall detection rate of tuberculosis was found to be 9.9% (756/7639). Of the total tuberculosis cases, 8.7 % (66/756) were rifampicin-resistant. The trend of tuberculosis across the six years was fluctuating with a declining trend in the recent three years. HIV infection and being presumptive to drug resistance were associated with tuberculosis detection. Conclusion: Although there was a cumulative declining trend of tuberculosis within the last six years, prevention and control strategies still need to be improved to achieve the stop tuberculosis strategy. To create a world free of tuberculosis, there should be quality service provision regarding tuberculosis case detection and treatment.
A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the progress towards millennium development goals and to generate preliminary epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) in Gambella town hospital and its surroundings in Southwestern Ethiopia. The medical records of all TB patients registered from 2009 to 2014 were assessed retrospectively. A total of 2519 TB patients were registered for the last 6 years and treated in Gambella Regional Hospital. The sex proportion of male TB patients was 60.18 % (1516/2519). The mean and the standard deviation of age was 23.8±13.18. The age group between 15-44 years in both sexes was most frequently affected with both forms of TB (pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis), 1660 (65.9%) followed by 0-14 years of age 508 (20.2%). Of 2519 tuberculosis cases registered in the last 6 years, 637(25.3%) of them were extra pulmonary tuberculosis cases and the rest 1884 (74.79%) were pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Out of 2519 TB cases registered during the six years, 1516 (60.18%) were males, and higher tuberculosis cases were registered (χ2 =4.191; p=0.022). The annual trends of TB for both sexes were gradually declined in the last six years. In conclusion, the retrospective study showed that although there was reduction in the number of both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases in the study area, what should not be undermined is the importance of regular prognostic evaluation among tuberculosis cases. Hence, we re-emphasize that Tuberculosis Control Program should give attention to control of tuberculosis and HIV-TB co-infection in Gambella Region.
SVOA Microbiology, 2023
Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the name of the microorganism that causes tuberculosis. The bacteria typically affect the lungs, but if not adequately treated, it can affect any part of the body, such as the kidney, spine, and brain. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis is a significant public health issue. However, no epidemiological research in the study area has been recorded. Objective: The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors PTB presumptive patients who visited the Finchawa Health Center from November 2022 to February 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 273 study participants. Structured questionnaire was used to gather sociodemographic and risk factor information. Sputum samples were taken from the study participants and analyzed under a microscope. Data were analyzed by using SPSS Version-25 software. Binary logistic regression analysis adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) and the threshold for statistical significance was set at p 0.05. Result: The prevalence of smear-positive Tb among presumptive patients was 4.8% with 95% CI (2.24-7.29). Prevalence of PTB with HIV co-infections, and PTB with diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity were 38.5%, and 27.3%, respectively. In comparison to their counterparts, having a family size greater than five (AOR = 5.15, 95% CI. = 1.46-18.29), having a history of family contact (AOR = 6.7, 95% CI. = 1.78-22.99) and having a history of Tb infection (AOR = 4.76, 95% CI. I = 1.05-21.62) were all found to be predictors for developing smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the Finchawa health center was found to be high. Therefore, zonal and town health departments should emphasize detailed tracing of presumptive, regular assessment of PTB suspects and refer to public health care institutions for early diagnosis and initiation of anti-TB treatment.
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences
BACKGROUND: The burden of Tuberculosis (TB) has not been comprehensively evaluated over the last 25 years in Ethiopia. In this study, we used the 2016 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) data to analyze the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of tuberculosis (TB) in Ethiopia over the last 26 years.METHODS: The GBD 2016 is a mathematical modeling using different data source for Ethiopia such as verbal autopsy (VA), prevalence surveys and annual case notifications. Age and sex specific causes of death for TB were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Modeling (CODEm). We used the available data such as annual notifications and prevalence surveys as an input to estimate incidence and prevalence rates respectively using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool.RESULTS: In 2016, we estimated 219,186 (95%UI: 182,977-265,292) new, 151,602 (95% UI: 126,054-180,976) prevalent TB cases and 48,910(95% UI:40,310-58,195) TB deaths. The age-standardized TB...
Epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis trends in Ethiopia: 2000-2009
Tüberküloz ve toraks
Tuberculosis has been one the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia for long. Accordingly, the Ethiopian Ministry of Health and its stakeholders have their unreserved and integrated efforts on this health problem. Among these efforts was the well developed HMIS for tuberculosis programs. However, the direction to where tuberculosis in Ethiopia is heading hasn't been well analyzed and unpackaged by epidemiologically relevant factors. The overall aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological trends of tuberculosis in Ethiopia for the ten-year period from 2000-2009. The trends were investigated from spatial, temporal, disease type and gender perspectives. A time-series study design was applied to analyze the ten-year trends of tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Data on ten-key indicators for the period of 2000-2009 was obtained from the Ministry of Health public documents. Five stratifying variables were used to analyze the trends in the key tuberculosis indicators. The data on the indicators have undergone five stages of analysis: aggregation, computation, summarization, graphics and model fitting. The incidence rate of tuberculosis is increasing in Ethiopia at a rate of 5 new tuberculosis cases per 100.000 populations per year. Urban agro-ecological zones have been more affected by the disease throughout the ten-year period. Extra-pulmonary rate and smear-negativity has shown a modest increment during the study period. Masculine gender was also disproportionately affected by tuberculosis during the ten-year study period. On the other hand case detection rate and treatment success rate are found to be increasing at a rate of 0.5% per year