Galectin Domain Containing Protein from Haemonchus contortus Modulates the Immune Functions of Goat PBMCs and Regulates CD4+ T-Helper Cells In Vitro (original) (raw)
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Journal of proteomics, 2014
In this study, a combined proteomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed to understand the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulation induced by recombinant galectins of Haemonchus contortus (rHco-gal-m/f) on goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We demonstrated that rHco-gal-m/f could be distinguished by antisera from goats experimentally infected with H. contortus and bound to the surface of goat PBMC. Following rHco-gal-m/f exposure, 16 differentially expressed proteins were identified, which function in biological processes such as stimulus response, biological regulation and localization. According to Gene Ontology Annotation, 15 proteins (93.8%) had binding activity and 9 proteins (56.3%) had catalytic activity. A series of transcriptomic analyses were performed subsequently to assess the expression change of certain pathway members. The integrated results of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis suggested that the activation of VEGF pathway, free radical produc...
Parasites & vectors, 2015
Hco-gal-m and -f were two isoforms of galectin cloned from male and female Haemonchus contortus, respectively, and it was demonstrated that recombinant Hco-gal-m and -f could act as immune suppressors. However, little is known about the receptors or binding partners of these galectins in the host. The research of the molecular mechanisms that govern the interactions between these galectins and host molecules will fill a gap in our understanding how parasite galectins interact with host cells. A yeast two-hybrid system was used to identify the binding partners of Hco-gal-m and -f in this research. The interaction between rHco-gal-m and candidate binding protein was validated by co-immunoprecipitation. The localization of transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by immunofluorescence. The distribution of TMEM63A in T cells, B cells and monocytes in PBMCs was detected by flow cytometry. The immunomodulatory effects of Hco-gal-m and ...
PeerJ, 2018
is the most pathogenic nematode of small ruminants. Infection in sheep and goats results in anaemia that decreases animal productivity and can ultimately cause death. The involvement of ruminant-specific galectin-11 (LGALS-11) and galectin-14 (LGALS-14) has been postulated to play important roles in protective immune responses against parasitic infection; however, their ligands are unknown. In the current study, LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 ligands in were identified from larval (L4) and adult parasitic stages extracts using immobilised LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 affinity column chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both LGALS-11 and LGALS-14 bound more putative protein targets in the adult stage of (43 proteins) when compared to the larval stage (two proteins). Of the 43 proteins identified in the adult stage, 34 and 35 proteins were bound by LGALS-11 and LGALS-14, respectively, with 26 proteins binding to both galectins. Interestingly, hematophagous stage-specific sperm-coating protein and zi...
International Journal for Parasitology, 2011
Gastrointestinal nematode parasites undergo several developmental stages within their mammalian host, each presenting different antigenic challenges to the immune system. To examine the expression of different immune mediators over time, biopsy samples were collected from the cannulated abomasum (true stomach) of immune sheep at several times after a challenge infection with Haemonchus contortus L3s. IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased above saline-challenged control levels at 5 and 7 days post challenge, while IL-4 showed an earlier peak at day 2 post challenge. IL-5, IL-13 and IL-4, as well as IFN-c mRNA levels, peaked at 7 days before decreasing to non-significant levels at 28 days post challenge. TNF-a followed a similar profile while there was a slight increase in TGF-b in both control and challenged sheep. There was a significant increase in galectin-14 mRNA in the L3 challenged compared with the saline challenged group at 7 days while both galectin-11 protein and mRNA levels increased significantly by day 3 post challenge, peaking at 5-7 days post challenge. Distinct correlations were observed between these immune parameters at different times after L3 challenge. The galectin-14 protein level at day 2 post challenge was the only measured mediator significantly negatively correlated with worm burden. These studies highlight the dynamic nature of the immune response during parasite infection and the need to consider the different life cycle stages involved.
The roles of galectins in parasitic infections
Acta tropica, 2018
Galectins is a family of multifunctional lectins. Fifteen galectins have been identified from a variety of cells and tissues of vertebrates and invertebrates. Galectins have been shown to play pivotal roles in host-pathogen interaction such as adhesion of pathogens to host cells and activation of host innate and adaptive immunity. In recent years, the roles of galectins during parasite infections have gained increasing attention. Galectins produced by different hosts can act as pattern recognition receptors detecting conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns of parasites, while galectins produced by parasites can modulate host responses. This review summarizes some recent studies on the roles of galectins produced by parasitic protozoa, nematodes, and trematodes and their hosts. Understanding the roles of galectins in host-parasite interactions may provide targets for immune intervention and therapies of parasitic infections.
Toll-Like Receptor Agonists Modulate Galectin Gene Expression in Goat Blood
Journal of Applied Biotechnology
Pathogenesis and lack of effective therapeutics pose a threat to animal and public health. Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) by Toll-like receptors is associated with gene activation. Galectins are sugar-binding proteins that play a role in pathogen-recognition and immune modulation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different TLR agonists on galectin gene expression and secretion in goat blood. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of BoerXSpanish goats (n=3). Blood was treated with 10 µg/ml Lipopolysaccharide, Peptidoglycan, 12.5 µg/ml of Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, 10 µg/ml CpG ODN (2216) and 10 µg/ml CpG ODN (2006) or PBS control. Secretion of galectin-1, -3 and -9 was measured by ELISA. Expression of LGALS-1, -2, -3, -4, -7, -8, -9, -11, -12, -14, -15, -16 was assessed using real-time PCR. Beta-actin and GAPDH served as controls. Fold change in gene expression was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Data were analy...
The role of galectins in the initiation, amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response
Inflammation involves the sequential activation of signalling pathways leading to the production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Galectins constitute a family of structurally related b-galactoside-binding proteins, which are defined by their affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and sequence similarities in the carbohydrate recognition domain. By crosslinking specific glycoconjugates, different members of the galectin family behave as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents, acting at different levels of acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Recent studies highlighted immunomodulatory roles for galectins in vivo in several experimental models of chronic inflammation, suggesting that these carbohydrate-binding proteins may be potential targets for the design of a novel generation of anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we review recent advances on the role of galectins in the initiation, amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response. In particular, we examine the influence of individual members of this family in regulating cell adhesion, migration, chemotaxis, antigen presentation, immune cell activation and apoptosis. From a better understanding of the molecular basis of galectin-induced immune regulation, we may become able to exploit the potential of these sugar-binding proteins and their glycoligands as suitable therapeutic agents in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. Galectins are animal lectins defined by shared consensus amino acid sequences and affinity for b-galactose-containing oligosaccharides (1–4). This is an evolutionarily highly conserved family of proteins expressed by different immune cell types and homologues existing in mammals, birds, fishes as well as in lower organisms, such as nematodes and sponges, and even in microorganisms (1–5). In mammals , 14 members have been reported and a large number of additional members are identifiable in the published database (1). Given the increased interest of immunologists in this field, the growing body of information raised during the past few years and the potential use of galectins as novel anti-inflammatory agents or targets for anti-inflammatory drugs, in this paper we review recent advances on the role of galectins in acute and chronic inflammation and the mechanisms involved in these processes.
Fish & shellfish immunology, 2018
Galectin-9 is a b-galactoside-binding tandem repeat galectin that regulates many cellular functions, ranging from cell adhesion to pathogen recognition. In spite of extensive study of mammalian galectin importance in immune system, little is known about that of fish. To study the normal expression and immune response of Labeo rohita to pathogens, a tandem-repeat galectin-9 from Labeo rohita was identified and named LrGal-9. Its full-length cDNA was 1534 bp encoded 291 amino acids (35.12 KDa), shared the highest 81% identity with the galectin-9 of Danio rerio. LrGal-9 identified in this study lacked signal peptide and a transmembrane domain like galectin-9 members reported in other fishes. Quantitative PCR showed that LrGal-9 was lowly expressed in gill, muscle, heart, highly expressed in tested immune tissues (intestine, kidney, liver, spleen) in normal body. After Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, LrGal-9 was remarkably increased in all tested immune tissues in a time-dependent manne...