Trends in Peruvian historiography (original) (raw)

Peru since Independence, a Tortured History

Latin American Research Review

Multivolume histories have occasionally appeared in Peru, the most famous and enduring being that by Jorge Basadre (1903-1980), the dean of Peruvian historians, whose first edition appeared in one volume in 1939. His Historia de la república del Perú-now in its twelfth edition and expanded to fourteen volumes (Lima: El Comercio, 2005)-was chronologically organized. By the time of the appearance of the last edition under his authorship, which appeared shortly after his death in 1980 (sixth edition, 1981), Basadre had become a devotee of the Annales school, although with some reservations (Marxism). In particular, following Fernand Braudel's monumental work which privileged the importance of the longue durée and Marxist material culture, Basadre sought a broader synthesis of materials from the social sciences, especially economy, sociology, geography, and demography, although chronology was still paramount. 1 In a sense, as we shall see below, we can infer that the historians who have collectively contributed to Perú under review were influenced by Basadre and Braudel. For under the direction of Carlos Contreras Carranza, one of Peru's preeminent historians, Perú follows the same broad, interdisciplinary social scientific themes that Basadre modified and adapted from Braudel and the Annales school: in this case the broad themes being "La vida política," "Perú en el mundo," "El proceso económico," "Población y sociedad," and "La cultura." More specifically in Contreras's overall introduction to Perú, he establishes these overall topics and within each he also sets a chronological periodization and a subset of titles to be examined. For the nineteenth century these include independence and postcolonial turmoil, midcentury guano led growth and political stabilization, collapse in the Pacific War (1879-1883) and recovery, and the beginnings of modernization 1 See Fernand Braudel, The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II, 2 vols., translated from the French by Siân Reynolds (London: Collins, 1972-1973). See also Peter Klarén, "Algunas observaciones sobre Jorge Basadre en el contexto de la historiografía del siglo XX," in Homenaje a Jorge Basadre: El hombre, su obra y su tiempo,

'Historical Theory Through a Peruvian Looking-Glass'

In this article for the HT theme issue I argue that “Peru” is a “historical theory in a global frame.” The theory or, as I prefer, theoretical event, named Peru was born global in an early colonial “abyss of history” and elaborated in the writings of colonial and postcolonial Peruvian historians. I suggest that the looking glass held up by Peruvian historiography is of great potential significance for historical theory at large, since it is a two-way passageway between the ancient and the modern, the Old World and the New, the East and the West. This slippery passageway enabled some Peruvian historians to move stealthily along the bloody cutting-edge of global history, at times anticipating and at others debunking well-known developments in “European” historical theory. Today, a reconnaissance of Peruvian history's inner recesses may pay dividends for a historical theory that would return to its colonial and global origins.

Bibliografía de las aves del Perú 2018

En el 2018, se ha publicado 110 artículos y ocho libros. Adicionalmente, se ha sustentado 18 tesis y dos disertaciones. Es muy posible que no tenga conocimiento de otras publicaciones, tesis, etc. Si el lector detecta errores u omisiones, tanto de publicaciones como de tesis le agradecería que me informe los mismos, para proceder a la corrección e inclusión respectiva. Quedo muy agradecido a todos aquellos que colaboraron haciéndome llegar referencias y/o pdf de sus publicaciones y las de otros autores para ser incorporadas en la bibliografía.

Epilogue: Reflections and Observations on Peru's Past and Present

Journal of Global Initiatives Policy Pedagogy Perspective, 2013

The aim of this essay is to provide a panoramic socio-historical overview of Peru by focusing on two periods: before and after independence from Spain. The approach emphasizes two cultural phenomena: how the indigenous people related to the Conquistadors in forging a new society, as well as how immigration, particularly to Lima, has shaped contemporary Peru. This contribution also aims at providing a bibliographical resource to those who would like to conduct research on Peru. Focusing on Peru Living over 30 years in the United States has provided me with some critical distance from my native Peru. Such distance has also prompted me to hesitate when considering my viewpoints about all things Peruvian. My position as a culturally hybrid Peruvian-American, on the other hand, has also afforded me the opportunity to explore issues from two perspectives, and that is what is reflected in my approximation to the subject matter of this essay. If it were not for the plethora of the events and presentations afforded me during the Year of Peru celebration at Kennesaw State University, as well as coediting the present volume of essays, I would not have had the opportunity to reacquaint myself with the country I left when I was very young. The Quechua 2 dictum "Ama Sua; Arna Llulla; Arna Qella," the so-called three Inca 3 Commandments, seems a convenient beginning for a brief panoramic reflection 1 Artidoro Emesto Silva, in memoriam 2 The Spanish Dominican Friar Domingo de Santo Tomas (1499-1570), who wrote the first book in Quechua in 1560, coined the term "Quechua" to refer to the language spoken by the largest group of indigenous people who lived in th e coastal area of Peru at the time. The original name of the language was runasimi, which means "language of the people." There were about 20 distinct languages spoken in the Inca Empire at the time the Spaniards arrived; such conditions compelled them to train natives to become interpreters, but they could hardly be trusted because their intercultural communication skills were often complicated by fear and apathy. The consequence of misunderstanding and mistrust provoked the first failure to communicate when Atahualpa and the Conquistadors met in Cajamarca in 1532: http ://www.history.com/this-day-inhistory/pizarro-traps-incan-emperor-atahualpa 3 Throughout this essay the word Inca refers to the ethnic group as well as to the population they were considered the leaders of. The king of the Incas is also called Inca. Confusion with these denominations ensues when considering the Incas as the dominant group that conquered their