Bio-Treatment Technologies of Produced Water: A Review (original) (raw)

This review discusses the necessity for effective management strategies for produced water (PW) treatment due to the environmental impact of toxic pollutants released during oil and gas extraction. It highlights the importance of bio-treatment technologies, particularly aerobic and anaerobic processes, which are preferred for their eco-friendly nature and efficiency in reducing salinity, organic components, and toxicity levels in produced water. Various techniques including activated sludge, membrane bioreactors, and aerated biological filters are examined, along with the challenges and future research directions in the field.