Reactive Extraction of Lactic Acid, Formic Acid and Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solutions with Tri-n-octylamine/1-Octanol/n-Undecane (original) (raw)
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Reactive extraction of lactic acid with Trioctylamine/Octanol/n-Undecane
2017
The trioctylamine (TOA)/methylene chloride (MC)ln-hexane system was used as the extraction agent for the extraction of lactic acid. Curves of equilibrium and hydration were obtained at various temperatures and concentrations of TOA. A modified mass action model was proposed to interpret the equilibrium and the hydration curves. The reaction mechanism and the corresponding parameters which best represent the equilibrium data were estimated, and the concentration of water in the organic phase was predicted by inserting the parameters into the simple mathematical equation of the modified model. The concentration of MC and the change of temperature were important factors for the extraction and the stripping process. The stripping was performed by a simple distillation which was a combination of temperature-swing regeneration and diluent-swing regeneration. The type of inactive diluent has no influence on the stripping. The stripping eficiencies were about 70%.
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2004
The paper deals with the lactic acid extraction by tri-n-octylamine dissolved in decanol and docecane. The extraction efficiency depends on the initial lactic acid concentration and the initial pH value of the solution. In case of lactic acid extraction from simulated fermentation broth, the partially loading of extractant with HCl leads to increasing of the distribution coefficient. The extraction equilibrium constants have been determined. The strong influence of diluents on the values of the graphically determined extraction constant and the number of extractant molecules in the acid-amine complex has been shown. A mathematical model of extraction, taking into account formation of (1:1) (2:1) and (1:2) acid/amine complexes, has been composed and solved. The model fits very well the experimental results.
Reactive extraction of lactic acid in a packed column
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 1998
Reactive extraction of lactic acid was performed continuously in a packed column. The 0.6 M trioctylamine (TOA)/1-chlorobutane system was used as an extractant. The initial concentration of lactic acid was 10 wt% based on fermentation results. Raschig rings (5 and 7 mm diameter) were used to measure hydrodynamic data. Disperse phase holdup was nearly constant at Va<0.8V~r. It can be seen that the flooding data obtained from this study were consistent with the literature. NTU and HTU were calculated. NTU varied from 1 to 2 and HTU from 96 cm to 44 cm with variation of Vd. The overall mass transfer coefficients of the continuous phase were nearly constant to 8.98x 10-5 mol/cm2s with variation of Vd.
Desalination, 2009
The extraction of lactic acid was done by tripropylamine (TPA) dissolved in seven single solvents (isoamyl alcohol, heptan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, and dodecanol). All measurements were carried out at 298.15 K. The extent to which the organic phase may be loaded with lactic acid is expressed as loading ratio, Z, its value extraction efficiencies, E, and overall particular distribution coefficients, D, were calculated. Equilibrium complexation constants for (acid:amine) (1:1), (1:2) have been determined according to Bizek's approach. The maximum removal of lactic acid accomplished was about 81% with isoamyl alcohol having 1.935 mol dm − 3 initial concentration of TPA. All of the obtained data have been correlated by linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model. LSER model results were compared with the experimental results and well agreement between them was observed. Regression coefficient (R 2 ) of LSER model is 0.972.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
The principal objective of this study is to develop new methods for recovery of the acids malic and lactic present in the distilling effluents of the wine industry by solvents. The information about the influence of the factors which govern the thermodynamic equilibrium of all coexistent phases in the aqueous medium of extraction is the essential step. This approach is at the base of the choice of suitable solvent taking into account its selectivity of extraction with respect to the acids lactic and malic. The experimental study showed that the better extents are obtained when the composition of solvent corresponds to 15% (v/v) TOA, 18% (v/v) 1-decanol, and 67% (v/v) n-dodecane. The malic percentage of acid extracted is 80%, whereas that of the lactic acid is 53.6%. This last solvent exhibits an excellent extraction efficiency of the malic acid comparatively to lactic acid. The system extractant-diluent (TBP, n-dodecane) extracts the lactic acid in a way much more selective from the solution, with a percentage of extraction exceeding 54%. Comparatively to results obtained by the ternary mixture (TOA, 1-decanol, and n-dodecane), the separation is more satisfactory using the first system.
Equilibria and kinetics for reactive extraction of lactic acid using Alamine 336 in decanol
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2002
Lactic acid is an important commercial product and extracting this from aqueous solution is a growing requirement in fermentation-based industries. The design of an amine extraction process requires (i) equilibrium and (ii) kinetic data for the acid–amine (solvent) system used. The equilibrium complexation constants for ratios of (1:1) and (2:1) have been estimated. The kinetics of extraction of lactic acid by Alamine 336 in decanol has also been determined. The reaction between lactic acid and Alamine 336 in decanol in a stirred cell falls in Regime 3, ie extraction accompanied by a fast chemical reaction occurring in the diffusion film. The reaction has been found to be zero order in Alamine 336 and first order in lactic acid with a rate constant of 0.21 s−1. These data will be useful in the design of extraction processes.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Separation of lactic acid from fermented broth by reactive extraction
Bioseparation, 2000
The separation of lactic acid from complex fermentation broth was examined. Liquid-liquid extraction using reversible chemical complexation for reactive extraction was chosen to be the separation method. Over 50% yield of lactic acid was obtained from fermented broth in a single extraction step, when using the tertiary amine as the extractant, 1-dekanol as the diluent and trimethylamine (TMA) as the stripping solution. The effect of complex media on the extraction behaviour has hardly been examined previously.
2019
This thesis aims to study a combined process of counter-current extraction and reactive distillation for recovery and purification of lactic acid from fermentation broth. Research work in the thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is the study of extraction of lactic acid with 1-butanol at room temperature using counter-current packed liquid-liquid extraction column. Sauter mean drop diameter (d32) was used to evaluate the mean dop size in the extraction and correlation of d32 was investigated. The results showed that d32 decreased with increasing dispersed phase flow rate (Qd) and decreasing nozzle diameter (DN), resulting in increasing dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient. An increase in continuous phase flow rate (Qc) affected increasing drop size, due to the coalescence of drops, resulting in reducing dispersed phase mass transfer coefficient. The second part is the synthesis and use of aluminum alginate as a solid catalyst for esterification of lactic acid with 1-butanol. Characteristics of the prepared catalyst were studied. It was found that aluminum alginate has low crystallinity, wrinkle surface and likely create strong Lewis acid sites for esterification. However, it was found that the prepared catalyst was of low thermal stability. Catalytic activity of aluminum alginate in esterification of lactic acid was investigated and found to be higher than the IV commercial catalyst, Amberlyst-15, under the same reaction conditions. In addition, it was observed that Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was able to describe the kinetic model of this reaction with small value of mean relative deviation (MRD). The third part of this thesis studied esterification of lactic acid with 1-butanol using aluminum alginate and hydrolysis of n-butyl lactate into lactic acid using Amberlyst-15 as solid catalyst in a semi-batch reactive distillation column. The results showed that lactic acid conversion and yield of n-butyl lactate of esterification increased with increasing reflux ratio. Catalyst loading did not have significant effect on value of both parameters while increasing the feed flow rate affects decreasing conversion and yield. For the hydrolysis of n-butyl lactate, the conversion and yield were found to increased with increasing catalyst loading while effect of feed flow rate and reflux ratio was similar to that in esterification. In addition, it was found that the purity of lactic acid decreased with increasing pressure, feed flow rate and reflux ratio. In the final part, experimental data from the previous part were use to design the combined counter-current extraction and reactive distillation. The process was simulated and economically evaluated using Aspen HYSYS V10 and Aspen Process Economic Analyzer. Efficiency of two process operations with no-recovery (Process A) and recovery (Precess B) of 1-butanol was studied and compared at annual capacity of 10,000 tons/year with purity of 99.99%w/w lactic acid. The results showed that the overall recovery of lactic acid obtained from Process A and B equals to 91.19 and 96.57% with production cost at 1.67 and 0.90 USD/kg of lactic acid, respectively.
In situ reactive extraction of lactic acid from fermentation media
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2001
Extractive lactic acid fermentation was investigated in the presence of sun¯ower oil and Alamine-336 (with oleyl alcohol as the diluent solvent). Lactic acid was produced in various media at 37°C using Lactobacillus delbrueckii . First, the effects of oleyl alcohol (33.3%, v/v), immobilisation, and immobilisation in the presence of sun¯ower oil (5, 10, 15%, v/v) on lactic acid production were investigated. It was found that oleyl alcohol did not affect production while addition of sun¯ower oil increased lactic acid production from 10.22 to 16.46 gdm À3 . On the other hand, a toxic effect was observed for oleyl alcohol solutions containing 15±50% (v/v) Alamine-336. A maximum total lactic acid concentration of 25.59 gdm À3 was obtained when an oleyl alcohol solution containing 15% (v/v) Alamine together with immobilised cells with 15% (v/v) sun¯ower oil was used. This value was about 2.5 times that obtained from fermentation without organic solutions.
Lactic acid is an important chemical product with wide use in many industrial fields. About a half of world production of lactic acid is made by fermentation of different sugars by means of Lactobacillus sp. strains. Two methods for overcoming the problems, arising from the difference in pH optima for extraction and fermentation in the extractive lactic acid fermentation, are proposed. The first method is based on the use of a mixed extractant composed by tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and Aliquat 336 (methyltrioctylammomium chloride), dissolved in decanol and dodecane. The use of mixed extractant leads to increase in extraction performance in comparison with individual extractants. The extraction efficiency depends on initial acid concentration, pH and Aliquat/TOA ratio as well. While at 5 gl -1 lactic acid the distribution coefficient increase with increasing of Aliquat concentration, for 10 and 25 gl -1 lactic acid the value of distribution coefficient passes through maximum. With increase of acid concentration the position of the maximum shifts to higher TOA concentration. The second method includes the use of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) partially converted to amine hydrochloride. This approach leads to increase in the extraction performance in comparison to the extraction with TOA at high pH values. The extraction efficiency depends on initial lactic acid concentration, pH value, and degree of loading with HCl.