Supplementation with α-Lipoic Acid, CoQ10, and Vitamin E Augments Running Performance and Mitochondrial Function in Female Mice (original) (raw)
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Antioxidant Supplementation Does Not Alter Endurance Training Adaptation
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2010
Background: There is a considerable commercial market, especially within the sports community, claiming the need for antioxidant supplementation. One argument for antioxidant supplementation in sports is that physical exercise is associated with increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) production, which may cause cell damage. However, RONS production may also activate redox-sensitive signaling pathways and transcription factors, which subsequently, may promote training adaptation. Purpose: Our aim was to investigate the effects of combined vitamin C and E supplementation to healthy individuals on different measures of exercise performance after endurance training. Methods: Using a double-blinded placebo-controlled design, moderately trained young men received either oral supplementation with vitamins C and E (n = 11) or placebo (n = 10) before and during 12 wk of supervised, strenuous bicycle exercise training of a frequency of 5 dIwk j1. Muscle biopsies were obtained before and after training. Results: After the training period, maximal oxygen consumption, maximal power output, and workload at lactate threshold increased markedly (P G 0.01) in both groups. Also, glycogen concentration, citrate synthase, and A-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity in the muscle were significantly higher in response to training (P G 0.01) in both groups. However, there were no differences between the two groups concerning any of the physiological and metabolic variables measured. Conclusions: Our results suggest that administration of vitamins C and E to individuals with no previous vitamin deficiencies has no effect on physical adaptations to strenuous endurance training.
Antioxidants, Tissue Damage, and Endurance in Trained and Untrained Young Male Rats
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1996
the greater antioxidant level should allow trained muscle to withstand oxidative processes more effec-It is well known that physical training permits an tively, thus lengthening the time required so that the animal to respond successfully to exercise loads of varcell function is sufficiently damaged as to make furious types, intensities, and durations. Furthermore, ther exercise impossible. ᭧ 1996 Academic Press, Inc. the trained animal can sustain the activity for a long Key Words: exhaustive exercise; tissue damage; period before the fatigue becomes limiting. The effects training; antioxidants; endurance. of physical training on the antioxidant defenses of tissues and on their susceptibility to damage induced by exhaustive exercise have been investigated. Therefore, untrained rats were sacrificed either at rest or In recent years exercise has expanded in scope from immediately after swimming to exhaustion. Rats competitive sports to disease prevention and health trained to swim for 10 weeks were also sacrificed, 48 hr promotion. There is, indeed, convincing evidence supafter the last exercise, either at rest or after exhaustive porting the role of exercise in the prevention and/or swimming. Homogenates of liver, heart, and muscle management of certain chronic diseases (1). On the were used for biochemical determinations. Mitochonother hand, there is some evidence that exercise indrial and sarcoplasmic (SR) or endoplasmic (ER) reticcreases the free radical production (2, 3). The highly ulum integrity was assessed with measurements of resreactive free radicals are known to modify several critipiratory control index and latency of alkaline phosphatase activity. Lipid peroxidation was measured by cal cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and determination of malondialdehyde and hydroperox-membrane lipids, leading to tissue damage (4). The ides. Additionally, the effect of training on the antioxidamage induced by exercise is gradual and cumulative, dant protection systems of tissues was examined by depending mainly (at constant workload) on the work determining the glutathione peroxidase and glutathiduration (2).
Acute Antioxidant Supplementation Improves Endurance Performance in Trained Athletes
Research in Sports Medicine, 2012
This study examined the acute effects of a single dose of an antioxidant (AO; Lactaway ® containing pycnogenol) on time to 20 fatigue (TTF). Nine trained cyclists [mean ± SD age 35 10 yrs; Q1 body mass 71.6 10.2 kg; VO 2 peak 63 11 ml/kg/min] performed on two separate occasions a continuous protocol of 5 min at 50% of peak power output (PPO), 8 min at 70% of PPO, and then cycled to fatigue at 95% PPO. Four hours prior to the exercise 25 protocol, the subjects consumed the supplement or a placebo (counterbalanced, double blind protocol). Cyclists, on average, rode for 1 2 D. J. Bentley et al. 80 s more in the Lactaway trial than they did in the placebo trial. There was considerable evidence (chances ≥94.5%) for substantial positive treatment effects for TTF and the other performance-30 related variables (excluding [BLa] at 95% PPO). Other studies are necessary to confirm these results and identify the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.
The Journal of Physiology, 2014
Recent studies have indicated that antioxidant supplementation may blunt adaptations to exercise, such as mitochondrial biogenesis induced by endurance training. However, studies in humans are sparse and results are conflicting. r Isolated vitamin C and E supplements are widely used, and unravelling the interference of these vitamins in cellular and physiological adaptations to exercise is of interest to those who exercise for health purposes and to athletes. r Our results show that vitamin C and E supplements blunted the endurance training-induced increase of mitochondrial proteins (COX4), which is important for improving muscular endurance. r Training-induced increases inV O 2 max and running performance were not detectably affected by the supplementation. r The present study contributes to understanding of how antioxidants may interfere with adaptations to exercise in humans, and the results indicate that high dosages of vitamins C and E should be used with caution.
Antioxidants and Sports Performance
Nutrients
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reductio...
Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000
Exercise appears to increase reactive oxygen species, which can result in damage to cells. Exercise results in increased amounts of malondialdehyde in blood and pentane in breath; both serve as indirect indicators of lipid peroxidation. However, not all studies report increases; these equivocal results may be due to the large intersubject variability in response or the nonspecificity of the assays. Some studies have reported that supplementation with vitamins C and E, other antioxidants, or antioxidant mixtures can reduce symptoms or indicators of oxidative stress as a result of exercise. However, these supplements appear to have no beneficial effect on performance. Exercise training seems to reduce the oxidative stress of exercise, such that trained athletes show less evidence of lipid peroxidation for a given bout of exercise and an enhanced defense system in relation to untrained subjects. Whether the body's natural antioxidant defense system is sufficient to counteract the increase in reactive oxygen species with exercise or whether additional exogenous supplements are needed is not known, although trained athletes who received antioxidant supplements show evidence of reduced oxidative stress. Until research fully substantiates that the long-term use of antioxidants is safe and effective, the prudent recommendation for physically active individuals is to ingest a diet rich in antioxidants.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011
Background: It was recently reported that antioxidant supplementation decreases training efficiency and prevents cellular adaptations to chronic exercise. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on muscle performance, blood and muscle redox status biomarkers, and hemolysis in trained and untrained men after acute and chronic exercise. A specific type of exercise was applied (eccentric) to produce long-lasting and extensive changes in redox status biomarkers and to examine more easily the potential effects of antioxidant supplementation. Design: In a double-blinded fashion, men received either a daily oral supplement of vitamin C and vitamin E (n = 14) or placebo (n = 14) for 11 wk (started 4 wk before the pretraining exercise testing and continued until the posttraining exercise testing). After baseline testing, the subjects performed an eccentric exercise session 2 times/ wk for 4 wk. Before and after the chronic eccentric exercise, the subjects underwent one session of acute eccentric exercise, physiologic measurements were performed, and blood samples and muscle biopsy samples (from 4 men) were collected.