Administration of kefir-fermented milk protects mice against Giardia intestinalis infection (original) (raw)
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Bioscience Reports, 2021
Giardiasis is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases in the world. It is caused by Giardia, Giardia lamblia, a common and opportunistic zoonotic parasite. The aim of our work is to find a natural and safe alternative treatment for giardiasis, specifically, to determine if probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus helveticus) can contribute to treatment, and act as preventives. Sixty weanling albino mice, Mus musculus, were divided into control and experimental, probiotic-fed groups. We determined infection intensity, and cure and prevention rates of giardiasis through ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of stool samples and histopathological comparison of intestinal tissue. In experimental groups, there was a significant reduction in infection intensity (P<0.001) on days 10, 15, and 20, while cure rate reached 87.5%. The control group showed no signs of reduced infection or cure and only the group treated with pro...
Journal of Gastrointestinal Infections, 2016
Background and Objectives: Giardiasis mainly affects young children causing diarrhea, malnutrition and growth retardation. Due to adverse effects of antiprotozoal treatment such as low compliance with drug therapy, reinfestation, occurrence of resistant strains, headache and metallic taste, the use of natural live bacteriotherapy has been studied. The study was designed to investigate in vitro the colonizing ability of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) viz-a-viz its ability to inhibit the adherence of Giardia trophozoites to murine enterocytes under conditions simulating the intestinal environment. Materials and methods: Murine enterocytes were harvested and incubated with Giardia trophozoites either prior or simultaneously with probiotic LGG to assess the adhesion using scanning electron microscopy. Results: It was observed that 15% of Giardia trophozoites adhered to enterocytes at 37°C in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, after 1h of incubation. However, coincubation of murine enterocytes with probiotic LGG either 30 min prior or simultaneously with Giardia trophozoites led to 23-27% reduction in the adherence of Giardia trophozoites compared with 46% adherence in the absence of LGG. Further, scanning electron microscopy also showed in vitro inhibition of Giardia trophozoites to murine enterocytes due to probiotic supplementation. Interpretations and conclusion: The data suggest the colonizing ability of probiotic LGG to murine enterocytes that modulates murine giardiasis mainly by displacing the Giardia trophozoites.
Probiotics as Anti-Giardia Defenders: Overview on Putative Control Mechanisms
2020
Giardia intestinalis is a protist intestinal parasite responsible for giardiasis, a disease whose impact is recognized in public health. After ingestion of Giardia cysts from either contaminated food or water, the trophozoite proliferative form, responsible for pathogenic effects, develops in the proximal small intestine of the host where it coexists with gut microbiota. Several studies have revealed the importance of this gut ecosystem and/or some probiotic bacteria in providing protection against G. intestinalis infections through partially known mechanisms (Travers et al. Journal of Parasitology Research, 2011). In the last years, our team has shown, using biological and biochemical approaches, that some probiotic strains of Lactobacillus, in particular L. johnsonii La1 and L. gasseri CNCM-I 4884, display anti-Giardia effects both in vitro and in vivo (Travers et al. Frontiers in Microbiology 2016; Allain et al. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:2707, 2018a, Frontiers in Microbiology 9...
American Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 2010
In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the probiotic characteristics of lactobacilli and yeast strains isolated from whey beverage under conditions simulating the in vivo stresses encountered in the gastrointestinal tract i.e. acid, alkaline, proteolytic enzymes and bile stress. The therapeutic potential of probiotics Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus yoghurt was assessed in Giardia infected mice. All the isolated strains well tolerated the gastrointestinal stresses. It was found that probiotic supplementation of either L. casei or L. yoghurt, one day after Giardia infection, reduced the severity of infection compared to Giardia infected mice. Pathophysiologically, the morphological and cellular changes in the small intestine were least in probiotic treated mice compared to severely inflamed, oedematous, vacuolated epithelial cells in Giardia infected mice. It can be concluded that L. yoghurt possessed better probiotic properties and has the potential to reduce the severity of Giardia infection in mice.
Enterococcus faecium SF68 Enhances the Immune Response to Giardia intestinalis in Mice
The Journal of Nutrition, 2005
We studied the ability of the probiotic organism Enterococcus faecium SF68 to antagonize Giardia intestinalis infection in mice. Oral feeding of E. faecium strain SF68 starting 7 d before inoculation with Giardia trophozoites significantly increased the production of specific anti-Giardia intestinal IgA and blood IgG. This humoral response was mirrored at the cellular level by an increased percentage of CD4 ϩ T cells in the Peyer's patches and in the spleens of SF68-fed mice. The improvement of specific immune responses in probiotic-fed mice was associated with a diminution in the number of active trophozoites in the small intestine as well as decreased shedding of fecal Giardia antigens (GSA65 protein). The ability of SF68 to stimulate the immune system at both mucosal and systemic levels highlights mechanisms by which this probiotic might antagonize pathogens in vivo. Taken together, the data demonstrate the strong potential of strain SF68 to prevent protozoa from causing intestinal infections.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as an Effective Probiotic for Murine Giardiasis
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on …, 2011
The gut microflora is an important constituent in the intestinal mucosal barrier and has been introduced as the concept of probiotic therapy that beneficially affects the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to explore the protective potential of various lactobacilli strains for murine giardiasis. By experimentation, it was found that the probiotic supplementation of either Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, or L. rhamnosus GG, 7 days prior to inoculation with G. lamblia trophozoites, reduced the rate of cyst excretion compared with Giardia-infected mice. Interestingly, L. GG was found to be the most effective probiotic in reducing the duration of giardia cycle and acts as an effective prophylactic probiotic for murine giardiasis but needs to be clinically correlated due to entirely different human microflora.
Impact of Kefir DerivedLactobacillus kefirion the Mucosal Immune Response and Gut Microbiota
Journal of immunology research, 2015
The evaluation of the impact of probiotics on host health could help to understand how they can be used in the prevention of diseases. On the basis of our previous studies and in vitro assays on PBMC and Caco-2 ccl20:luc reporter system presented in this work, the strain Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 was selected and administrated to healthy Swiss mice daily for 21 days. The probiotic treatment increased IgA in feces and reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators in Peyer Patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, where it also increased IL-10. In ileum IL-10, CXCL-1 and mucin 6 genes were upregulated; meanwhile in colon mucin 4 was induced whereas IFN-, GM-CSF, and IL-1 genes were downregulated. Moreover, ileum and colon explants showed the anti-inflammatory effect of L. kefiri since the LPS-induced increment of IL-6 and GM-CSF levels in control mice was significantly attenuated in L. kefiri treated mice. Regarding fecal microbiota, DGGE profiles allowed differentiation of experimental groups in two separated clusters. Quantitative PCR analysis of different bacterial groups revealed only significant changes in Lactobacillus population. In conclusion, L. kefiri is a good candidate to be used in gut inflammatory disorders.
World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2013
The present study describes the in vivo modulatory potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), an effective probiotic, in Giardia intestinalis-infected BALB/c mice. Experimentally, it was observed that oral administration of lactobacilli prior or simultaneous with Giardia trophozoites to mice, efficiently (p \ 0.05) reduced both the severity and duration of giardiasis. More specifically, probiotics fed, Giardia-infected mice, showed a significant increase in the levels of antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and intestinal disaccharidases [sucrase and lactase] and decreased levels of oxidants in the small intestine, in comparison with Giardia-infected mice. Histopathological findings also revealed almost normal cellular morphology of the small intestine in probiotic-fed Giardia-infected mice compared with fused enterocytes, villous atrophy and increased infiltration of lymphocytes in Giardia-infected mice. The results of the present study has shed new light on the antioxidative properties of LGG in Giardia mediated tissue injury, thereby suggesting that the effects of probiotic LGG are biologically plausible and could be used as an alternative microbial interference therapy.
Protective potential of L. acidophilus in murine giardiasis
Central European Journal …, 2010
This study describes the in vivo activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Giardia lamblia infected BALB/c mice. Experimentally, it was observed that daily administration of lactobacilli 7 days before or in simultaneous inoculation with Giardia trophozoites efficiently reduced G. lamblia infection in mice. More specifically, excretion of Giardia cysts were reduced significantly in probiotic-treated groups, and resolution of infection was observed by day 21 post-inoculation. It was also observed that the lactobacillus count increased tremendously and continuously in faeces of all probiotic-fed mice, and was significantly higher as compared with that in control mice. Histological analysis of microvilli membrane integrity revealed that probiotic administration also protected mice against parasiteinduced mucosal damage, whereas Giardia-infected mice had severe villous atrophy, oedema, vacuolation and ileitis. Immunologically, the anti-Giardia serum IgG level was not stimulated significantly by probiotic treatment administered both prior to and simultaneous with Giardia infection, but remained high after the infection peak. Taken together, the data demonstrates the anti-giardial effect of the probiotic in vivo by modulation of the intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting the colonization of Giardia trophozoites and thereby reducing the severity of Giardia infection. © Versita Sp. z o.o.
Regulatory role of the intestinal microbiota in the immune response against Giardia
Scientific Reports, 2021
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly found intestinal parasites in mammalian hosts. Infections can generally be cleared by mounting an adequate protective immune response that is orchestrated through IL-17A. This study was aimed to investigate if and how the intestinal microbiome affects the protective Th17 response against Giardia by analysing and comparing the immune response following a G. muris and G. duodenalis infection in antibiotic treated and untreated mice. Depletion of the intestinal flora by antibiotic treatment had a severe effect on the infection dynamics of both Giardia species. Not only duration of infection was affected, but also the parasite burden increased significantly. Markers associated with a protective immune response, such as IL-17A and mannose binding lectin 2 were still significantly upregulated following infection in the antibiotic-treated mice, despite the lack of protection. On the other hand, the antibiotic treatment significantly decreased ...