Radioanatomic Study of the Greater Palatine Canal Relevant to Endoscopic Endonasal Surgical Landmarks (original) (raw)
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Morphometric Analysis of Greater Palatine Canal via Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine
Summary Background/Aim: The morphology of the greater palatine canal (GPC) should be determined preoperatively to prevent possible complications in surgical procedures required maxillary nerve block anesthesia and reduction of descending palatine artery bleeding. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the GPC morphology. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography images obtained for various causes of 200 patients (females, 55%; males, 45%) age ranged between 18 and 86 (mean age±standard deviation=47±13.6) were examined. The mean length, mean angles of the GPC and anatomic routes of the GPC were evaluated. Results: The mean length of the GPC was found to be 31.07 mm and 32.01 mm in sagittal and coronal sections, respectively. The mean angle of the GPC was measured as 156.16° and 169.23° in sagittal and coronal sections. The mean angle of the GPC with horizontal plane was measured as 113.76° in the sagittal sections and ...
Rhinology, 1998
The purpose of this study is to determine some important variations and dangerous areas carrying risks for major complications, in the routine CT examination. We also made specific measurements to evaluate the individual differences. This prospective study consisted of 111 patients (222 sides). Eighty patients underwent coronal, and the rest coronal and axial CT. The depth of lamina cribrosa, its distance to the inferior turbinate, and the distance of anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) either to the orbital roof or inferior turbinate were measured. Variations of the upper attachment of uncinate process were encountered in 23%. AEA coursed freely within ethmoidal cells in 43%. Anterior clinoid aeration was seen in 14%, optic canal bulging into the sphenoid sinus in 13% and an extreme medial course of the carotid canal in 12% of the patients. The mean depth of lamina cribrosa was 5.9 mm, and its mean distance to the inferior turbinate was 25.7 mm. The mean distance of AEA to the orbital ...
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science , 2016
Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the component, greater palatine canal-pterygopalatine fossa (GPC-PPF), in a Lebanese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 79 Lebanese adult patients (38 females and 41 males) were included in this study, and a total of 158 cases were evaluated bilaterally. The length and path of the GPCs-PPFs were determined, and the data obtained analyzed statistically. Results: In the sagittal plane, of all the GPCs-PPFs assessed, the average length was 35.02 mm on the right and 35.01 mm on the left. The most common anatomic path consisted in the presence of a curvature resulting in an internal narrowing whose average diameter was 2.4 mm on the right and 2.45 mm on the left. The mean diameter of the upper opening was 5.85 mm on the right and 5.82 mm on the left. As for the lower opening corresponding to the greater palatine foramen, the right and left average diameters were 6.39 mm and 6.42 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that throughout the Lebanese population, the GPC-PPF path is variable with a predominance of curved one (77.21% [122/158] in both the right and left sides); however, the GPC-PPF length does not significantly vary according to gender and side.
New accessory palatine canals and foramina in cone-beam computed tomography
Folia Morphologica, 2020
Background: Palatal surgeries are associated with many complications. Accessory foramina may be a cause of concern. The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and to evaluate the anatomical features of accessory palatine foramina and their bony canals using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: The incidence, location, and types of foramina on the palate were evaluated in 170 CBCT scans. Readings from coronal, sagittal, and axial planes were recorded using Planmeca Romexis Viewer 5.4.1.R. computer program. Data were tabulated and evaluated. Results: Other than nasopalatine, greater and lesser palatine foramina, 278 foramina were observed in the palatal surface of the upper jaw in different locations. New accessory palatine foramina were found posteriorly in 14.71% of the studied scans with wide anatomical variations. Unusual foraminal canals were seen crossing the floor of the maxillary sinus laterally. The incidence of the anterior accessory palatine foramina was 73.53%. Bilateral accessory palatine foramina were found in 43.53% of cases. Conclusions: Accessory palatine foramina and their bony canals are frequently seen in CBCT with wide anatomical variations. New unusual connecting canals are found passing from palatine foramina to the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus through the sinus floor. These findings should be considered when planning for anesthesia and surgery in the palate.
The Length of the Greater Palatine Canal in a Lebanese Population: a Radio-anatomical Study
2016
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the length of the greater palatine canal in a Lebanese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology. Material and methods: In this study, we measured the length of 148 greater palatine canals in 74 CBCT images of Lebanese adult patients (38 females and 36 males). The data obtained was analyzed statistically to determine 1) if age is related to the length of the canal, 2) if the length of the left side tends to be systematically larger or smaller than the length of the right side, and 3) if the mean length of the canals in females is different than the one in males. Results: In a sagittal plane, the average length of the greater palatine canal was 30.62 (30.64 mm on the right and 30.60 mm on the left). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we concluded that in our sample in a Lebanese population, the length of the greater palatine canal does not significantly vary according to age, gender, and side.
The aim of this study was to identify the shape and route of the bony canal of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN) using different identificationmethods, including computed tomography (CT), panoramic radiograph, and macroscopic evaluation (corpse and dry skull). Twenty-four patients were analyzed by CT and panoramic and posterior anterior (PA) radiographs; additionally, 90 dry skulls and 21 dissected anatomical specimens were examined. Threedimensional- CT revealed that the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus resembled a tunnel format in 60% of the treated patients. Out of all 24 patients, the panoramic radiograph identified the bony canal in only one patient; whereas the PA radiograph identified it in 80%of the patients.The dry skulls showed tunnellike routes of the PSAA and PSAN in 65% of the cases.Moreover, the pathway was also visibly observed in the dissected anatomical specimens as a straight shape in 85% of the cases.Thus, our results demonstrated that themost common shape of the bony canal of the PSAAand PSANis the tunnel format with a straight route by 3D-CT, posterior anterior radiography, and macroscopic evaluation. However, in the panoramic radiographs, it was difficult to identify this canal.
American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, 2010
Background-The greater palatine canal (GPC) local injection is used to limit posterior bleeding during sinus surgery in adults. Given the potential for causing iatrogenic damage to the intraorbital contents, this procedure is not commonly used in the pediatric population. No studies have described the anatomic development of the GPC during facial growth. By using age-stratified radioanatomic analysis, the dimensions of the GPC and the clinical implications are described for pediatric patients. An age-stratified radioanatomic study was performed.
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2013
The mental foramen is an important landmark during surgical procedures such as osseous grafting or the placement of dental implants. To avoid injuring the mental nerve, it is important both to carefully assess the location of the mental foramen and to determine whether an anterior loop of the mental nerve or the incisive canal lies mesial to it. The objective of this study was to quantify the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to measure the length of the mental nerve loop, the length and diameter of the incisive nerve canals, and the incisive canal path. Materials and Methods: The study included 352 CBCT scans that had originally been used for preoperative planning of implant placement in the interforaminal region of the anterior mandible. For each scan, the length of the mental nerve loop and the length, diameter, and path of the incisive canal were determined. Mean values were compared between groups based on sex, right versus left side, and whether the patient was edentulous. Results: The inferior alveolar nerve loop and incisive canal had a mean length of 2.40 ± 0.93 mm and 9.11 ± 3.00 mm, respectively. The mean incisive canal diameter was 1.48 ± 0.66 mm and showed a downward path in 51.3% of CBCT images and a linear or upward path in 38.29% and 10.41% of scans, respectively. Conclusions: CBCT provides an accurate means to identify critical anatomical features in the anterior mandible during preoperative surgical planning.
Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus bony variations: a computed tomographic study
Rhinology, 2000
Variations of the nasal cavity are very important for the otolaryngologist in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. To provide data on bony variations of this region, we performed high resolution computed tomography images of paranasal sinuses on 82 adult patients without sinus pathology and on 90 adult patients with sinus disease. We observed paradoxical curvature of the middle concha in 11 (12.22%) sinus patients and 6 (7.31%) in non-sinus patients. Concha bullosa was observed in 26 sinus patients (28.88%) and 22 (26.83%) in non-sinus patients, deviated nasal septum in 20 (22.22%) sinus and 10 (12%) non-sinus, Haller's cell in 5 (5.55%) sinus and in 3 (3.65%) non-sinus, agger nasi cell in 7 (7.77%) sinus and 4 (4.88%) non-sinus patients. Pneumatisation of cristae galli was observed in 8 (8.88%) sinus and 2 (2.44%) non-sinus, of the anterior clinoid process in 5 (5.55%) sinus and 1 (1.22%) non-sinus patients, pneumatisation of the nasal septum in 7 (7.77%) and of the pterygoid r...
J Ended, 2003
Apicoectomy of the superior first molar palatine root until recently involved relatively destructive and laborious surgery because of the palatal access route, which not only necessitates an extensive flap, but also the readying of procedures required to deal with a possible hemorrhage from the palatine artery. With the advent of operative microscopy, endodontic surgery has become more precise and less invasive and its technical potential has increased; a possible innovative surgical technique may entail vestibular root access. The possibility of using lowdose, low-cost computed tomography (CT) dedicated to the jaw to obtain anatomic information to plan apicoectomy via the vestibular approach was evaluated; 31 patients were referred to CT with the NewTom apparatus. In 43 superior first molars, the mean distance of the palatine root from the external vestibular cortex was measured, and the frequency that the maxillary sinus lateral recess lay between the roots was determined. The mean root apex-vestibular cortex distance was 9.73 mm. In 25% of cases the maxillary sinus recessus lay between vestibular and palatine roots. CT may play an important role in optimizing palatine root apicoectomy through vestibular access, with regard to precision and preventing complications, with relatively low biological and economic cost, also possibly contributing to the affirmation of this new surgical procedure.