Obtaining airtight seal with plastic infusion bottle using conventional intravenous set (original) (raw)
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PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2011
This study is to investigate the effect of headspace air pressure in pre-filled syringes on liquid leak (dripping) from the syringe needle upon needle shield removal. Drip tests to measure drip quantity were performed on syringes manually filled with 0.5 or 1.0 mL of various aqueous solutions. Parameters assessed included temperature (filling and test), bulk storage conditions (tank pressure and the type of the pressurized gas), solution composition (pure water, 0.9% sodium chloride, and a monoclonal antibody formulation), and testing procedures. A headspace pressure analyzer was used to verify the drip test method. Results suggested that leakage is indeed caused by headspace pressure increase, and the temperature effect (ideal gas expansion) is a major, but not the only, factor. The dissolved gases in the liquid bulk prior to or during filling may contribute to leakage, as these gases could be released into the headspace due to solubility changes (in response to test temperature and pressure conditions) and cause pressure increase. Needle shield removal procedures were found to cause dripping, but liquid composition played little role. Overall, paying attention to the processing history (pressure and temperature) of the liquid bulk is the key to minimize leakage. The headspace pressure could be reduced by decreasing liquid bulk storage pressure, filling at a higher temperature, or employing lower solubility gas (e.g., helium) for bulk transfer and storage. Leakage could also be mitigated by simply holding the syringe needle pointing upward during needle shield removal.
The relationship between intravenous infusate colonisation and fluid container hang time
Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2009
Aims. To examine the level of microbial colonisation in intravenous fluids after 24 hours of use in an acute care setting to determine the necessity of changing infusate bags on a time-related basis. Background. Catheter-related bloodstream infections are a serious and life-threatening complication of intravascular devices. Colonised intravenous fluids are one potential source of infection; however, there is little published literature on incidence rates and few recent studies. Routine intravenous fluid replacement has been advocated as an infection control method, but the effectiveness of this is unknown and the optimal duration for infusate use remains uncertain. Design. Cross-sectional study over 18 months in a 257-bed teaching hospital. Methods. Infusate specimens (n = 264) were obtained from crystalloid fluids that had been used for 24 hours or more. Microbiological culture and sensitivity testing was performed and infusate-related bloodstream infection (IRBSI) rates were recorded. Sample testing of previously unopened intravenous solutions acted as a control. Results. The infusate colonisation rate was 0AE4%, or 0AE09 per 1000 infusion hours. The only isolated organism was coagulasenegative Staphylococcus. Infusions had been in use for 24-185 hours (1-8 days). There was no difference in median duration of use for colonised (35AE0 hours) and sterile (34AE0 hours) specimens (Mann-Whitney test, p = 0AE99). There were no cases of IRBSI. Conclusion. The incidence of intravenous fluid colonisation and the risk of related bloodstream infection are low even after several days of infusate use. Current practice appears to successfully maintain the sterility of intravenous fluids. Relevance to clinical practice. Routine replacement of intravenous fluids continues in many settings, often 24 hourly, in the belief that this prevents infection. We found no relationship between duration of use and colonisation and routine replacement may be unnecessary. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of routinely replacing intravenous fluids at set time points to prevent colonisation and infection.
Technical Review on Protective Cap for Protection of Intravenous (IV) Fluid Bottles
mantech publications, 2023
The requirement for consistent quality, standardization, safety and low-cost medical components has become a big challenge for industries' survival in the global market of medical components. Companies applications depend strongly on the success of design, manufacturing and marketing strategies. That is the only way to become successful in the market, and for that, the research and development teams should also be considered. The different companies have been established to meet these requirements for the market. Very often, the design and manufacturing operations to produce medical plastics for the health care market have to be adjusted daily to satisfy increasing strict, government-regulated, bio-medical requirements in addition to all other pressures expected in this market. As a result, medical plastics always seek more systematic ways to improve product quality and produce more at minimum cost. It has now become an important point for consideration in accordance with the customers. Nowadays, Plastic is replacing MS, Aluminium, Glass etc., in all manufacturing industries. Particularly plastic protective cap is replaced with aluminium cap in pharmaceutical industries because of easy to manufacturing and low price.
IJERT-Intravenous (IV) Drip Rate Controlling and Monitoring for Risk-Free IV Delivery
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/intravenous-iv-drip-rate-controlling-and-monitoring-for-risk-free-iv-delivery https://www.ijert.org/research/intravenous-iv-drip-rate-controlling-and-monitoring-for-risk-free-iv-delivery-IJERTV9IS090485.pdf Intravenous (IV) drip mode is one of the most used modes for drug delivery. It delivers the drug into the blood circulation directly. It is widely used because of its advantages like its affordability, safety, effectiveness and speed of delivery of pharmacological substances and other fluids. Albeit its many advantages, a few complications could arise in its usage if it is not administered properly. In this paper we discuss the advantages and risks of IV drip set, the importance IV drip rate, existing infusion pumps and their drawbacks, attempts made to overcome the drawbacks of infusion pumps and finally the need for next generation IV drip set which can not only monitor but also control the drip set.
Pressurization of IV bags: A new configuration and evaluation for use
The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1985
External pressure devices are often utilized to increase the flow rates of IV fluids in exsanguinating patients. However, increasing the flow rate by this method also increases the rate at which IV bags need changing. Time is lost and valuable personnel are preoccupied in maintaining the numerous hand-pumped external pressure devices and IV bags. A systematic evaluation comparing the hand-pumped device with a new, pneumatic external pressure device (Insufor-lTM, Medical Innovations, Inc., Phoenix, AZ) is presented. A new multiunit configuration (Infuser-RackTM) for the pneumatic device is also described. We found a significant decrease in IV bag take-down/setup time with the new pneumatic pressure device. This system is faster, more reliable, and easier to use than the standard hand-pumped pressure bag and should be viewed as a practical improvement in the fluid delivery system.
Intravenous (IV) Drip Rate Controlling and Monitoring for Risk-Free IV Delivery
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2020
Intravenous (IV) drip mode is one of the most used modes for drug delivery. It delivers the drug into the blood circulation directly. It is widely used because of its advantages like its affordability, safety, effectiveness and speed of delivery of pharmacological substances and other fluids. Albeit its many advantages, a few complications could arise in its usage if it is not administered properly. In this paper we discuss the advantages and risks of IV drip set, the importance IV drip rate, existing infusion pumps and their drawbacks, attempts made to overcome the drawbacks of infusion pumps and finally the need for next generation IV drip set which can not only monitor but also control the drip set.
Avoiding common problems associated with intravenous fluid therapy
The Medical journal of Australia, 2008
Inappropriate intravenous fluid therapy is a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality and may result from either incorrect volume (too much or too little) or incorrect type of fluid. Fluid overload has no precise definition, but complications usually arise in the context of pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease and severe acute illness. Insufficient fluid administration is readily identified by signs and symptoms of inadequate circulation and decreased organ perfusion. Administration of the wrong type of fluid results in derangement of serum sodium concentration, which, if severe enough, leads to changes in cell volume and function, and may result in serious neurological injury. In patients whose condition is uncomplicated, we recommend a restrictive approach to perioperative intravenous fluid replacement, with initial avoidance of hypotonic fluids, and regular measurement of serum concentration of electrolytes, especially sodium.