Seismic Tomography from the Old to the New Millennium (original) (raw)
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Seismic facies analysis: Past, present and future
Earth-Science Reviews, 2022
Seismic facies and lithofacies analysis, once considered a breakthrough in exploration applications, is currently a dynamic field because of the addition of several new concepts and interpretive procedures. In terms of basic theory, notable developments have taken place that encompass refinements in geological and geophysical concepts, including several enhancements to sequence-stratigraphic and facies distribution models, better knowledge of seismic response mechanism to small-scale stratigraphic structures and different rock types, as well as the emergence of new technologies, such as the one allows the restoration of original depositional architecture and spectral decomposition. A seismic facies analysis index system is proposed that includes nine independent parameters: position, external form, internal configuration, continuity, smoothness, amplitude, frequency, special waveforms, and appearance. The sedimentary systems established by traditional seismic facies analysis lack detailed lithofacies and hydrodynamic information. However, presently further subdivision of seismic lithofacies into more detailed categories is now possible, made available by the addition of new seismic parameters that are indicative of sedimentary structure and rock-type combinations. This enables interpreters to identify lithofacies details directly from the seismic data and reconstruct the sedimentary systems with greater precision (by superposition of the environment, lithofacies and flow paths). The seismic slice image analysis, including seismic geomorphology and seismic sedimentology, employs a stratal time slice, 90 • phase shift, and spectral decomposition techniques to improve the resolution of the slice images, describe sedimentary micro-facies and understand sedimentary processes based on the geometric features of the time slice. The seismic facies autoclassification techniques are still at an early stage of development, but significant possibilities exist for future enhancements if the new seismic index system, where the accumulated knowledge of the skilled experts could be utilized advantageously. This paper will also serve as a summary of the state-of-the-art of seismic facies analysis.
Seismic tomography in civil engineering investigation
1994
Seismic processing begins to appear as a new method not only in the applied geophysics of great depth but even in geophysics in civil engineering, hydrogeology and environment. The application of seismic tomography in civil engineering investigation is described. This task was done for PC computers. The main ideas of mathematical and software solution are given. The obtained solutions enable not only the tomography processing of crosshole measurements but it is possible to model various geological situations. Examples of crossgalleries processing and results from extending seismic logging are given. These types of measurements are the most common in civil engineering investigation. There is one example from the noninline measurement too. The results of described solution is not only the velocity contour line map but even the map with seismic curved rays among shot points and receivers.
2014
Near surface seismic imaging bears a high potential to enhance geotechnical site characterization.We highlight recent advances made in S-wave tomography for characterizing near surface unconsolidated sediments. This comprises progress in experimental setup and acquisition technology for local scale S-wave tomography. We discuss the development of mobile seismic crosshole tomography solely building on temporary installations realized by direct push technology as well as a modular borehole geophone chain suitable for operation in shallow and slim near surface boreholes. These technical developments are accompanied by progress in geophysical model generation, i.e., fully non-linear inversion strategies suitable for routine application and model uncertainty appraisal. We link S-wave and P-wave tomographic models to geotechnical target parameters and evaluate recent develop- ments made for high resolution ground-truthing using direct push technology for geotechnical and stratigraphic analyses. To be able to provide improved regional scale seismic properties we advanced the Rayleigh wave based imaging of S-wave velocity variations using diffusivewavefield theory for modeling the full microtremor H/V spectral ratio for receivers at the surface and in depth. full citation: Paasche, H., Rumpf, M., Lontsi, A., Hausmann, J., Hannemann, K., Fechner, T., Ohrnberger, M., Werban, U., Tronicke, J., Krüger, F., Dietrich, P., 2014. MuSaWa: Multi-Scale S-wave Tomography for Exploration and Risk Assessment of Development Sites. In: M. Weber, U. Münch (Eds.), Tomography of the Earth’s Crust: From Geophysical Sounding to Real-Time Monitoring. Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences. Springer Int. Pub. 95-114.
International Journal of Geophysics, 2012
As organized and intelligible displays of data, seismic images constitute invaluable tools for gaining and conveying information on structural and material properties of the Earth. The present special issue on “Seismic imaging” aims to explore basic and/or applied aspects of seismic data that are relevant to meet today's challenges in subsurface imaging. It comprises 13 articles, covering a wide variety of state-of-the-art topics on seismology and seismics, on both theoretical, and practical issues. ... H. Kern examines, in the form of a review, the interdependence of ...
Methodology of Seismic Tomography
In this chapter, we introduce the tomographic methods which are widely used to study three-dimensional (3-D) seismic velocity, attenuation and anisot-ropy structures of the Earth's interior. The fundamental mathematical equations of these methods are presented for a better understanding of the principles of seismic tomography.