Alkaline Salt Tolerance of the Biomass Plant Arundo donax (original) (raw)
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2015
Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) is a good candidate for bioenergy production in Northern and Middle Europe. The crop is well-adapted to cold and drought stress but its resistance to high salinity has not been revealed in details. In this study the effects of 75 and 150 mM NaCl treatments were investigated on the ion accumulation, water potential changes and photosynthetic activity of three Romanian reed canarygrass genotypes, Tardin, Romanesti diverse and Timpuriu. Since cv. Tardin was able to maintain high K+ level and relatively low Na+ concentration in leaf tissues, high stomatal conductance and net CO2 fixation rate under salt stress and as it could maintain the water potential of tissues at control level, this genotype can be defined as salt tolerant. Salt stress induced significant Na+ accumulation, very low K /Na+ ratio, and severe reduction in stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity in the leaf tissues of Timpuriu cultivar, which proved to be sensitive to hi...
Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies: a review
The environmental stress is a major area of scientific concern because it constraints plant as well as crop productivity. This situation has been further worsened by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, there is a much scientific saddle on researchers to enhance crop productivity under environmental stress in order to cope with the increasing food demands. The abiotic stresses such as salin-ity, drought, cold, and heat negatively influence the survival , biomass production and yield of staple food crops. According to an estimate of FAO, over 6 % of the world's land is affected by salinity. Thus, salinity stress appears to be a major constraint to plant and crop productivity. Here, we review our understanding of salinity impact on various aspects of plant metabolism and its tolerance strategies in plants.
Soil salinity affects large areas of the world's cultivated land, causing significant reductions in crop yield. Despite the fact that most plants accumulate both sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl–) ions in high concentrations in their shoot tissues when grown in saline soils, most research on salt tolerance in annual plants has focused on the toxic effects of Na+ accumulation. It has previously been suggested that Cl– toxicity may also be an important cause of growth reduction in barley plants. Here, the extent to which specific ion toxicities of Na+ and Cl– reduce the growth of barley grown in saline soils is shown under varying salinity treatments using four barley genotypes differing in their salt tolerance in solution and soil-based systems. High Na+, Cl–, and NaCl separately reduced the growth of barley, however, the reductions in growth and photosynthesis were greatest under NaCl stress and were mainly additive of the effects of Na+ and Cl– stress. The results demonstrated that Na+ and Cl– exclusion among barley genotypes are independent mechanisms and different genotypes expressed different combinations of the two mechanisms. High concentrations of Na+ reduced K+ and Ca2+ uptake and reduced photosynthesis mainly by reducing stomatal conductance. By comparison, high Cl– concentration reduced photosynthetic capacity due to non-stomatal effects: there was chlorophyll degradation, and a reduction in the actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport which was associated with both photochemical quenching and the efficiency of excitation energy capture. The results also showed that there are fundamental differences in salinity responses between soil and solution culture, and that the importance of the different mechanisms of salt damage varies according to the system under which the plants were grown.
COMPARISON OF TWO MOST COMMONLY USED SCREENING TECHNIQUES FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN CROP PLANTS
A comparison to test the consistencies and discrepancies of two most commonly used screening techniques (soil and hydroponic) for salt tolerance in crop plants were examined. In this regard, physiological responses of four sunflower genotypes i.e. Hysun-33, Hysun-39 (known moderately salt tolerant) S.28111 and SF0049 (unreported genotypes) growing in soil filled pots and hydroponics were observed. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition in complete randomize design. plants were treated with 75, 125 and 175 mM NaCl concentrations. Stress was applied to the plants in aliquot levels 30 DAS and plants were harvested 44 DAS for further analysis. Some photosynthetic traits; chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance and relative water content were analysed. Plants grown in a pot experiment had higher PIabs, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic pigments and hence higher plant fresh weight as compared to hydroponic plants. Despite differences in techniques, results revealed that both systems have shown almost similar trends in physiological traits of tested genotypes under saline environment. A significant correlation in performance index (PIabs), RWC, stomatal conductance, proline contents and total carotenoids was found. Physiological assessment and their reliability of salt tolerance in crop plants using both experimental systems were discussed.
The Mechanism of Soil Salinity and Plant Response: An Update Review
Salinity, the abiotic stress of soil is one of the major concerns for agriculture and sustainable development. It affects large terrestrial areas including arable land. That’s why agricultural productivity is reducing day by day. The main remedy lies within the development of salt tolerant crops. In this respect, coordinated and tissue-specific processes like osmotic tolerance, K+ accumulation in cytoplasm, Cl− tolerance, Na+ exclusion, tissue tolerance etc. throughout the life cycle of a plant enable it’s to grow on salinity affected soils. Regulation of Na+, Cl− and K+ transporters as well as SOS pathway and subsequent changes in [Ca2+]cyt and [pH]cyt and vacuolar pH for the adaptation of Na+ homeostasis in cytosol are responsible for maintaining salinity tolerance. An update schematic review has been revealed here which will help the researchers to provide exciting prospects for ameliorating the impact of salinity stress on plants and improving the tolerable varieties that may play a significant role on agricultural and environmental sustainability.