Comparative study of the flexural properties of ABS, PLA and a PLA–wood composite manufactured through fused filament fabrication (original) (raw)
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Journal of Micromanufacturing, 2019
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is an emerging 3D printing technique used primarily for rapid prototyping in academic and industrial environments. The mechanical properties of these 3D printed samples are highly anisotropic in nature and depend on various process parameters. Literature suggests that build orientation is a crucial parameter affecting the mesostructural and mechanical properties of these parts. However, there are no existing models that can correlate the mechanical properties of these printed parts with their mesostructural properties. Herein, a multiparametric mathematical model has been developed establishing a correlation between the tensile strength, neck length and pore size of the printed parts. An extensive investigation is carried out on six materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABSplus P430, ABS POLYLAC® PA-757 and LG ABS RS657), polycarbonate (PC), FDM Nylon 12, and PC-ABS alloy printed in two different build orientations (XZ and ZX). The change in mechanical properties with respect to build orientation and the mesostructural properties was examined. It was established that parts printed in the XZ orientation exhibit a higher tensile strength, owing to the higher neck length and smaller pore size. Regression analysis was carried out to develop mathematical models correlating the tensile strength with the mesostructural properties of the printed parts. A good agreement is observed between the theoretically predicted and experimentally found tensile strength. Abstract Fused filament fabrication (FFF) process is an emerging 3D printing technique used primarily for rapid prototyping in academic and industrial environments. The mechanical properties of these 3D printed samples are highly anisotropic in nature and depend on various process parameters. Literature suggests that build orientation is a crucial parameter affecting the mesostructural and mechanical properties of these parts. However, there are no existing models that can correlate the mechanical properties of these printed parts with their mesostructural properties. Herein, a multiparametric mathematical model has been developed establishing a correlation between the tensile strength, neck length and pore size of the printed parts. An extensive investigation is carried out on six materials, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABSplus P430, ABS POLYLAC® PA-757 and LG ABS RS657), polycarbonate (PC), FDM Nylon 12, and PC-ABS alloy printed in two different build orientations (XZ and ZX). The change in mechanical properties with respect to build orientation and the mesostructural properties was examined. It was established that parts printed in the XZ orientation exhibit a higher tensile strength, owing to the higher neck length and smaller pore size. Regression analysis was carried out to develop mathematical models correlating the tensile strength with the mesostructural properties of the printed parts. A good agreement is observed between the theoretically predicted and experimentally found tensile strength.
Materials
In this work, the effect of short carbon fibre (CF) on the mechanical and geometric properties of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) composite parts processed using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique have been analysed. Tensile, flexural and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests were performed to obtain the mechanical performance of the different samples. The surface quality and geometric accuracy of the printed specimens were also evaluated. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the printed samples are analysed. The results revealed that the addition of carbon fibres effectively improved all assessed mechanical properties of PLA-CF composites as compared to the neat PLA. In particular, Flat PLA-CF samples showed an average increase in tensile performance of 47.1% for the tensile strength and 179.9% for the tensile stiffness in comparison to the neat PLA. From the flexural behaviour point of view, Flat PLA-CF samples revealed an increase in average flexu...
International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2019
Rapid prototyping is a technology capable of producing physical models in layer by layer directly from CAD model without any tools, dies and fixtures while involving little human intervention. Rapid prototyping can fabricate complex shapes easily as compared with traditional manufacturing. It also helps in early detection and reduction of design errors. Thermoplastics used in this study are ABS and PLA which are easily available and cost effective. This study aim to investigate the mechanical performance of the 3D printed ABS and PLA thermoplastics and comparing them with the sample produced by preparing the multilayer of those themoplastics. An attempt is made to increase the mechanical performance by preparing the samples with multilayer structures using ABS and PLA. Mechanical tests like Tensile test, Compressive test, Flexural strength, Microhardness and surface roughness have been conducted as per the ASTM standards. Microstructures of the samples are acquired with optical microscope. From the results obtained ABS exhibited more flexural strength and higher elongation before breaking. But ABS consists of chemicals when heated to a certain temperature releases organic volatile compounds which are health hazardous. In order to reduce the chemical effect of ABS, a thermoplastic called PLA is used which is produced naturally and is incorporated to decrease ABS content and achieve the properties of ABS. In the present work the flexural strength of layered sample is nearer to the ABS. So, inorder to reduce the chemical effects of ABS the layered polymer can be used.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
In the field of Additive Manufacturing, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the methods used for prototyping and production applications. However, the performance of the printed parts produced can be affected by the various parameters used. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bonding between layers of 3D printed parts from 3D printer by using Polylactic Acid (PLA) with printing parameters, namely printing temperature, printing speed and raster angle. The specimens were printed by using Monoprice Maker Select 3D printer. Compression test and fatigue test were carried out to determine the behavior of true stressstrain and the lifespan of sample subjected to cycling loading. The influence of printing temperature, printing speed and raster angle is determined by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that printing temperature affect the bonding between layers of samples more than the printing speed and raster angle.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
Mechanical properties of parts from fused filament fabrication has been made known to be directionally dependent or in other word anisotropy. Several common process parameters were varied to study their impact on the mechanical properties, in particular compression and bending strength of the end product in the material of wood PLA. The Taguchi method was used to design and simplify the experiment without compromising the experiment’s efficiency. S/N ratio from Taguchi analysis was interpreted for determining the optimum combination of process parameter for the highest compressive and bending strength. The build orientation angle is the major factor contributing to higher compression and bending strength recorded followed by infill density and lastly layer thickness. The maximum value for compressive stress is 98.9 MPa with 0° built orientation, 0.15mm layer thickness and 60% infill, while for bending stress it is 73.6 MPa with 0° built orientation, 0.20mm layer thickness and 100% i...
Polymers, 2020
The scope of additive manufacturing, particularly fused deposition modelling (FDM), can indeed be explored with the fabrication of multi-material composite laminates using this technology. Laminar composite structures made up of two distinct materials, namely acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid (CF-PLA), were produced using the FDM process. The current study analyzes the effect of various printing parameters on the interfacial bond strength (IFBS) of the ABS/CF-PLA laminar composite by employing response surface methodology. The physical examination of the tested specimens revealed two failure modes, where failure mode 1 possessed high IFBS owing to the phenomenon of material patch transfer. Contrarily, failure mode 2 yielded low IFBS, while no patch transfer was observed. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that printing parameters were highly interactive in nature. After extensive experimentation, it was revealed that good qualit...
Polymers, 2022
Polylactic acid (PLA) is produced from renewable materials, has a low melting temperature and has a low carbon footprint. These advantages have led to the extensive use of polylactic acid in additive manufacturing, particularly by fused filament fabrication (FFF). PLA parts that are 3D printed for industrial applications require stable mechanical properties and predictability regarding their dependence on the process parameters. Therefore, the development of the FFF process has been continuously accompanied by the development of software packages that generate CNC codes for the printers. A large number of user-controllable process parameters have been introduced in these software packages. In this respect, a lot of articles in the specialized literature address the issue of the influence of the process parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed specimens. A systematic review of the research targeting the influence of process parameters on the mechanical properties of PLA specimens additively manufactured by fused filament fabrication was carried out by the authors of this paper. Six process parameters (layer thickness, printing speed, printing temperature, build plate temperature, build orientation and raster angle) were followed. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by tensile, compressive and bending properties.
Brazilian Journal of Development
Fused filament fabrication is one of the most widely used additive manufacturing methods due to its low cost, easy postprocessing and wide variety of thermoplastic materials that can be used in this technique. The application of this method for functional parts manufacturing requires knowing the mechanical properties of the material depending on the process parameters. This work determines the effect of layer thickness, filling angle, infill density, and position on the table on the mechanical properties under tension of modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile strength of polylactic acid reinforced with carbon fiber fabricated by this method. Stress tests were performed using ISO 527-1 standards. The modulus of elasticity varies between 3138 MPa and 3095 MPa, while the maximum effort is between 28.62 MPa and 28.56 MPa. Finally, analysis of variance showed that infill density is the parameter that affects the most mechanical properties.
Optimise 3D printing parameter on the mechanical performance of PLA-wood fused filament fabrication
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
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