GEOMORPHOLOGY BRIEFS II: MASS MOVEMENTS (original) (raw)
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Geomorphic impacts of large and rapid mass movements: a review
Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement, 2009
, une part dans l'étude des mouvements de terrain. Cet article est consacré aux écroulements rocheux, glissements rocheux et avalanches rocheuses rapides de plus ou moins grande ampleur, étudiés principalement dans les Alpes françaises (massifs du Mont Blanc, de la Vanoise, des Écrins, des Préalpes), suisses (massifs du Valais et des Grisons) et en Himalaya (massif de l'Annapurna). En se conformant à la terminologie anglo-saxonne, une caractérisation en est rapidement donnée. Les modes de mise en place des dépôts et les structures associées sont d'abord considérés, en relation avec le contexte géologique régional et la morphologie préexistante du sec-
2014
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Geomorphological survey for mass-movement hazard assessment
GeoJournal, 1996
Most natural disasters in mountainous area are caused by mass-movement, which is a process of geomorphic changes. Therefore geomorphological survey is very useful for hazard assessment of mountainous area. The Geographical Survey Institute of Japan has been conducting such geomorphological hazard assessment survey paying attention to dissection process, and has been preparing geomorphological maps to help estimate the disaster potential. In case of the national highway disaster measure survey, 1:5,000 detailed geomorphological maps are made with special emphasis on the mass-movement landforms such as the dissection fronts, i.e., continuous kick lines where landslidings are concentrated, landslide forms, the stream bed deposits, piedmont landforms indicating past debris flows, etc.
Anthropogenically accelerated mass movement, Kulu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India
Geomorphology, 1998
A devastating landslide occurred on 12 September 1995 near Luggar Bhatti, Kulu, Himachal Pradesh, and killed 65 people. An estimated 0.96 = 10 6 m 3 of unconsolidated mass slid SSE down the terminal part of a thick alluvial fan of Quaternary age on the left bank of the Beas River. About 0.03 = 10 6 m 3 of dislodged material formed a 15-m high and 150-m long hump at the bottom of the failed slope; a shallow sag pond developed in the rear. The slide occurred after heavy rains on 3-6 September in the region when the Beas rose to a bankfull position. Factors involved in this toppling-cum-debris slide include steep slope, continuous seepage with high pore water pressure in unconsolidated material, a road-cut obliterating the foot of the fan slope, and impinging by the Beas River during the flood. A survey in the area showed that a variety of mass movement processes were triggered by the heavy rains in September; the most predominant being a series of slope failures on the outside of meander loops and bank erosion caused by turbulence of the overflowing Beas River. Ž. Extensive damage was sustained by National Highway-21 NH-21 , a bridge ramp near Bhuntar, a suspension bridge at Kulu and two other bridges upstream. Most damage occurred in the Manali area where massive buildings were washed away by the flash flood. This paper examines the factors and processes responsible for triggering widespread mass movement and related damages in the Kulu Valley. Whereas some smaller events occurred in the early and middle part of this century, the recurrence and intensity of mass movements are recent phenomena attributed mainly to escalating socioeconomic development, growth of tourism, and population pressure. Some long term policy is suggested for mitigation of landslides and other denudational processes in relation to impelling human factors.
Abstract Romania represents one of Europe’s most active landslide hotspots. The importance of studying these phenomena is both fundamental (establishing the morphogenetic and morphodynamic frameworks) and applied (quantifying and predicting the potential losses inflicted by such processes). The analysis of agents–processes–forms can be directed toward predictive assessments through susceptibility–hazard–risk studies. The complexity of landslides conditioning factors as well as the available data in terms of quantity (multi-temporal and typological more or less complete landslide inventories) and quality (point and polygon-based inventories, uncertainties induced by the correlation between the used method and the working scale) are imposing local-to-regional and regional-to-national approaches, aiming to highlight, in a predictive manner (based either on heuristic, statistic, or probabilistic predictions) the spatial and temporal sequences more or less prone to future processes, as well as the potential consequences and their mitigation strategies.
1999
Achieve an improved understanding of the relationships between sedimentation, environment, and the morphology of continental slopes. This goal will be accomplished primarily through investigations within the northern California (Eel River) study area and incorporation of data from around the World. An underlying assumption of our work is that the occurrence and morphology of mass movement features on the continental slope depend upon a combination of characteristics, each of which varies over the region in a consistent manner. The various components of this project are part of a concerted effort between the geotechnical groups at the USGS and Laval University. Their activities are very much interwoven but, for administrative reasons, their respective budgets are identified separately, as are the annual reports.
Mass movement processes at the Motozintla Basin, Chiapas, Southern Mexico
2012
Prediction of prone areas for mass movement processes (MMP) is one of the major challenges in mountainous areas. This is the case of the Motozintla basin that is located along the MotaguaPolochic fault system in the Chiapas State southeastern Mexico. The area is dominated by Permian to Tertiary rocks extremely affected by faults, weathering and intense erosion. Motozintla has been seriously disrupted by two hydrometeorological phenomena in 1998 and 2005. In this paper, geological and structural mapping (1:30 000), photointerpretation and GIS techniques were applied to determine the hazard areas that may go off by mass movement processes driven by gravity in the basin. The inventory shows 88 mapable mass movement processes ocurred during the past 25 ky represented by debris avalanches, rock falls, slides and debris flows. Debris flows are the most dangerous phenomena that may directly impact the city of Motozintla posing at risk 23,755 people. Future mass movement processes may happe...