MQL Machining with nano fluid: a review (original) (raw)
Related papers
Investigation of Machining Performance of MQL and MQCL Hard Turning Using Nano Cutting Fluids
Fluids
Cutting fluids used in the metal machining industry have exerted serious impacts on the environment and human health. In addition, the very high cutting heat and forces in machining-hardened steels have been a growing concern in the metal cutting field. Hence, new, eco-friendly cooling and lubricating techniques are necessary to study and develop. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQCL) using nano cutting fluids have been proven as alternative solutions for machining difficult-to cut materials while retaining an environmentally friendly characteristic. Accordingly, this paper aims to analyze and evaluate the hard turning efficiency of 90CrSi (60 ÷ 62 HRC) steel using MQL and MQCL conditions, using Al2O3 and MoS2 nano cutting fluids. The 2k-p experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to study the influence of input parameters including fluid type, lubrication method, nanoparticle type, nanoparticle concentration, cutting...
Performance Investigation of MQL Parameters Using Nano Cutting Fluids in Hard Milling
Fluids, 2021
Machining difficult-to-cut materials is one of the increasingly concerned issues in the metalworking industry. Low machinability and high cutting temperature generated from the contact zone are the main obstacles that need to be solved in order to improve economic and technical efficiency but still have to ensure environmental friendliness. The application of MQL method using nano cutting fluid is one of the suggested solutions to improve the cooling and lubricating performance of pure-MQL for machining difficult-to-cut materials. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of nanofluid MQL (NFMQL) parameters including the fluid type, type of nanoparticles, air pressure and air flow rate on cutting forces and surface roughness in hard milling of 60Si2Mn hardened steel (50–52 HRC). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to study the effects of investigated variables on hard machining performance. The most outstanding finding is that the main effects of the in...
Nanofluids are colloidal mixtures of nanometre-sized particles (1-100 nm) in a base fluid. The mixing of nanoparticles with base fluid may alter the thermo-physical properties of fluids as the nanoparticles possess higher thermal conductivity than base fluids. Therefore, nanoparticle enhanced cutting fluids have recently attracted the attention of researchers. This paper presents a summary of some important published research works on the application of nanoparticles enriched cutting fluids in different machining processes: milling, drilling, grinding and turning. Further, this review article discusses the influence of different types of nanofluids on machining performance in various machining processes. From literature review, it has been found that in nanofluid machining, higher nanoparticle concentration yields better surface finish and more lubrication compared to dry machining and conventional cutting fluid machining. Furthermore, nanofluid also reduces the cutting force, power consumption, tool wear, nodal temperature and friction coefficient. Authors have also identified the research gaps for further research.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2019
The cutting fluid is significant in any metal cutting operation, for cooling the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece, by lubricating the tool-workpiece interface and removing chips from the cutting zone. Recently, many researchers have been focusing on minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) among the numerous methods existing on the application of the coolant as it reduces the usage of coolant by spurting a mixture of compressed air and cutting fluid in an improved way instead of flood cooling. The MQL method has been demonstrated to be appropriate as it fulfills the necessities of 'green' machining. In the current study, firstly, various lubrication methods were introduced which are used in machining processes, and then, basic machining processes used in manufacturing industries such as grinding, milling, turning, and drilling have been discussed. The comprehensive review of various nanofluids (NFs) used as lubricants by different researchers for machining process is presented. Furthermore, some cases of utilizing NFs in machining operations have been reported briefly in a table. Based on the studies, it can be concluded that utilizing NFs as coolant and lubricant lead to lower tool temperature, tool wear, higher surface quality, and less environmental dangers. However, the high cost of nanoparticles, need for devices, clustering, and sediment are still challenges for the NF applications in metalworking operations. At last, the article identifies the opportunities for using NFs as lubricants in the future. It should be stated that this work offers a clear guideline for utilizing MQL and MQL-nanofluid approaches in machining processes. This guideline shows the physical, tribological, and heat transfer mechanisms associated with employing such cooling/lubrication approaches and their effects on different machining quality characteristics such as tool wear, surface integrity, and cutting forces.
Study of Turning process with Minimum Qquantity Lubrication (MQL) using Nano-cutting fluids
International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 2023
The cutting fluid is important in any metal cutting operation, for chilling the cutting tool and the surface of the work piece, by lube the tool-work piece interface and removing chips from the cutting zone. Freshly, many researchers have been focusing on Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) among the many methods existing on the aapplication of the coolant as it reduces the usage of coolant by jetting a mixture of compressed air and cutting fluid in an improved way instead of flood cooling. The MQL method has been incontestable to be appropriate as it fulfills the requirement of ‘green’ machining. In the current study, firstly, various lubrication methods were introduced which are used in machining processes, and then, basic machining processes used in manufacturing industries in turning. The comprehensive reappraisal of various Nano fluids (NFs) used as lubricants by different researchers for machining process is presented. Based on the studies, it can be concluded that utilizing NFs as coolant and lubricant lead to lower tool temperature, tool wear, higher surface quality, and less biology dangers. However, the high cost of nanoparticles, need for devices, agglomeration, and deposit are still challenges for the NF applications in metalworking operations. At last, the article identifies the opportunities for using NFs as lubricants in the future. It should be stated that this work offers a clear guideline for utilizing MQL and MQL-nanofluid approaches in turning processes. This guideline shows the physical, tribological, and heat transfer mechanisms associated with employing such cooling/lubrication approaches and their effects on different machining quality characteristics such as tool wear, surface integrity, and cutting forces.
Processing of hardened steel by MQL technique using nano cutting fluids
Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020
This article discussed the impact of various nanofluids on the machinability aspects during hard turning of AISI 4340 alloy steel. The experiment was performed using minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique. The effect of various fluid properties like thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension and contact angle were analyzed for all nanofluids. Various samples of nanofluids were prepared by dispersing nanoparticles of ZnO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 in deionized water. The impacts of nanofluids on various machinability responses were measured and analyzed. Out of the four nanofluids used, CuO nanofluid exhibited superior behaviors followed by ZnO nanofluids while the influence of Al 2 O 3 has insignificant.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2019
Now a days minimum quantity lubrication technique has became the apple of eye of many manufacturing industries. MQL is a cooling technique in which a very small amount of high quality coolant/lubricant is being directly sprayed on the workpiece-tool interface. MQL machining gained its popularity over other cooling technique due to its capability to produce superior surface quality, lower machining temperature, lower tool wear and least coolant/lubricant consumption. Many researchers are continuing their researches on new techniques to enhance the properties of coolants/lubricants. In this paper efforts are being made to present the important researches of different researchers regarding role of different coolant/lubricant in enhancing the capability of MQL environment. This paper present a detail review on role of different machining fluid such as vegetable oil, mineral oil, synthetic oil and nanofluid based machining fluid in enhancing the machinablity of MQL under turning, milling and grinding operations. This paper also discusses the role of machining fluids in enhancement of the machining aspects such as surface quality, machining temperature, tool wear and life of the cutting insert.
Performance Evaluation of Blended Vegetable Oils as a Cutting Fluid under MQL in Turning
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2022
Cutting fluids has been extensively uses over the years for the higher productivity and making good quality products. But, Cutting fluid related high costs and health problems are associated with exposure to operator and this lead to environmental pollution increasing. Therefore to maintain free pollution environmental sustainability in manufacturing various vegetable oils has been widely use in various machining process as a cutting fluid. Therefore in this work various vegetable oils were selected due to their wide usage. However compared to bare vegetable oils, vegetable based nanofluids are showed better performance due to their enhanced thermo-physical properties but, they are not suitable for economical machining. Hence, in this work the performance of the widely used three blended bare vegetable oils with their different combinations were evaluated under the turning of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel by using Carbide tool through Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique by the measurements of Surface roughness, maximum generated temperature at specified location and formation chips. All the measured parameters were in agreement, confirming that produces good surface finish, low temperature generated at specified location and better chip formation. It is suggested that considerable cost reduction by using blended vegetable oils as compared to commercial oils.
Efficacy of Nanocutting Fluids in Machining-an Experimental Investigation
2018
This paper presents the experimental investigations on the performance of eco-friendly vegetable oil based nanofluids in turning operation. Cutting temperatures, cutting forces, tool wear and surface roughness under constant cutting conditions are measured during machining. The influence of nanofluids prepared from nanoboric acid (NBA) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) mixed separately with coconut oil (CC), on machining performance is examined. Comparative analysis of the results obtained is done under dry, soluble oil (SL) and lubricant environments at 0.25% nano particle inclusions (NPI). To understand the influence of NPI, the experiments are conducted using CCNBA and CCCNT at varying NPI also. Application of CCCNT resulted in improved machining performance compared to CCNBA. Reduction in cutting temperatures, main cutting force, tool wear and surface roughness is approximately 13%, 37.5%, 44% and 40% respectively by the application of CCCNT compared to dry machining. Thus application ...
A review on application of nanofluid MQL in machining
Heat generation is an inevitable phenomenon during machining. To eradicate heat oriented detrimental effects like surface burning, tool wear and so on-different types of cooling system are being used. Traditional flood cooling method is the most widely used technique; however the consumption rate of coolant is very high. Moreover, if it is not deposited or recycled properly, it may also cause environmental hazard. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), on the other hand, sprays lubricant which decreases the frictional force and heat produced during machining. Nanofluid MQL is the incorporation of especially engineered nanoparticles into the lubricant that increases the heat carrying capacity. In this paper, four manufacturing processes (grinding, turning, milling, and drilling) and the effect of using nanofluid MQL in them are studied and summarized. Parameters that are considered in this study are cutting force, surface roughness, machining temperature, tool wear and environmental aspects. It can be observed that using nanofluids in an optimized manner can be beneficial to the machining processes because of their superior characteristics.