Essential Oil from Bush Mint, Hyptis suaveolens, is as Effective as DEET for Personal Protection against Mosquito Bites (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 2012
We studied the potential of the essential oil extract from the bush mint, Hyptis suaveolens, for use against mosquito biting under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the repellency of various concentrations (1-6%) of the essential oil was assessed against Anopheles gambiae, based on a 15-min landing and biting on treated forearms of volunteers. In the laboratory, the percentage of mosquitoes landing on the forearm was 42, 33, 23, 23, 9, and 2 for 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% essential oil concentration, respectively; and 92 and 91 for the solvent (isopropanol) and untreated control, respectively. The percentage of mosquitoes taking a blood meal was 22, 12, 13, 12, 5, and 3 for 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% essential oil, respectively; and 52 and 51 for the solvent and control, respectively. In the field, the 6% essential oil repelled all mosquitoes immediately postapplication; this activity declined to 75% after 5 h. The repellent action of the 8% essential oil concentration was higher, 97% after 5 h. Based on these data, the essential oil of H. suaveolens appears to be a good candidate for use in the integrated management of mosquito vectors of disease.
International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016
Chemical composition and repellency potential of essential oils from Tagetes minuta and Lippia javanica traditionally used in Longido district to repel mosquitoes when formulated and topically applied as repellents were investigated in this study. The GC-FID analysis of essential oil from T. minuta showed presence of limonene (14.31%), camphene (1.95%), and verbenone (5.63%) whereas L. javanica essential oils indicated presence of limonene (5.38%), camphene (25.04%), DL-menthol (1.79%) and verbenone (1.41%) as main constituents. A topical formulation of 40% T. minuta essential oil in cow butter showed 80.9% protection against mosquito bites for up to 3 hrs 15 min whereas the unformulated oil exhibited only 52% protection for 1 hrs 52 min. Likewise, a formulation of 40% L. javanica essential oil in cow butter had 74% protection for up to 2 hrs 50 min, as compared to the unformulated oil that gave 47% protection by 1 hrs 15 min. Topical application of cow-butter-essential oil formulat...
A REVIEW ON PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT
Mosquitoes are small, midge like flies that constitute the family Culicidae.which transmit extremely harmful diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile Virus, dengue fever, filariasis, Zika virus and other arboviruses, rendering it the deadliest animal family in the world. Essential oils belonging to various plant species and possessing mixtures of hydrocarbons have been seen to act as effective repellent against various pests. Essential oils are volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups, and their repellent activity has been linked to the presence of mono-terpenes and sesquiterpenes. The commercially marketed repellents basically consist of essential oils from plants Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus maculata, Cymbopogon excavatus, Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica. The present article envisaged to review the reports of essential oils on its effectiveness as repellent.
Efficacy and Safety of Essential Oils in The Control of Mosquito: A Review of Research Findings
International Journal of Chemistry
For millennia, people have utilized essential oil-rich plants to control mosquitoes and other hematophagous insects. A review of the literature found that terpenoids and "sesquiterpenoid-rich oils" were effective in mosquito control. Due to the benign impression and successful prevention of mosquito bites, there has been a recent surge in the acceptance of biobased agents as mosquito control solutions, in conjunction with the worldwide demand to take action to battle climate change and its consequences. Materials for this review, which included works published for the last decade and even earlier, were sourced from the research databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and JSTOR using the keywords "essential oils," "larvicidal activity," "oviposition deterrent," "repellents," "toxicity," "safety," and "efficacy." " Recent re...
Mosquito a Global Threat: Control by Herbal Approach
Use of Herbal insecticides is a green approach towards Public health maintenance. They are a safe, efficient and user friendly way to prevent Human and mosquito interaction. These herbal insecticides in different forms can be highly effective as compared to others in field as well as for in house usage. The choice of different essential oils as a potential herbal insecticide is depending upon its disintegration capacity in air. It is also depending upon the concentration of active ingredients in the formulation. The outcome from different evaluations suggests that most of the essential oils have the potential to be used as an eco-friendly mosquito repellent as well as mosquitocidal. In relation with this aspect such type of evaluations of different types of essential oils can be studied to find out broad spectrum insecticide.
2006
The essential oils of 11 plants were evaluated for larvicidal activities against laboratory reared Anopheles arabiensis and Aedes aegypti by exposing third-fourth instar larvae in white enamel cups of 350 ml size. Five plants essential oil were assayed against anopheline mosquito larvae in the simulated field conditions. Tests were also conducted on essential oils of 11 plants against laboratory reared adult An. arabiensis by bottle bioassay. The residual activities of essential oils of 7 plants were tested against adult An. arabiensis in the laboratory. Of the essential oils of 11 plants tested, Chenopodium ambrosioides (LC 50 = 17.5 ppm; LC 90 = 33.2 ppm), Ocimum lamiifolium (LC 50 = 20.9 ppm; LC 90 = 39.9 ppm) and Schinus molle (leaves) (LC 50 = 21.0 ppm; LC 90 = 37.3 ppm) essential oils showed highest activity against An. arabiensis larvae in the laboratory. However, Mentha spicata (LC 50 = 85.9 ppm; LC 90 = 128.4 ppm) showed the lowest efficacy. Similarly, O. lamiifolium (LC 50...
Insecticidal Activity of Crude Extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (Bush Mint) on Anopheles Mosquitoes Collected from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, 2022
Anopheles gambiae is a vector that is responsible for the transmission of malaria parasites which causes high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria and the world at large. Human-vector contact can be reduced by the use of conventional repellents being sold in the market, though some of these repellent are not environmentally friendly and An. gambiae have developed resistance to some of these repellents. To this end, the phytochemical constituents and insecticidal activity of crude extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (bush mint) was determined on adult An. gambiae mosquitoes collected from Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria to evaluate its effect in controlling them. Here, 70% ethanolic and diethyl ether fat crude extracts were made from H. suaveolens dried leaves and used to carry out the experiment. The phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, saponins, tannins, steroids and reducing sugar. Glycoside was not detected in the ethanol extract. Only steroids was detected in diethyl ether extract the rest of the phytochemical tested were absent. An. gambiae larvae were collected from the field and were raised to F 1 progeny adults that were used for the study. WHO protocol for carrying out human bait repellency cage test was used. Human hand treated with the extracts was exposed to a cage containing 30 female mosquitoes for each of the extracts respectively. The ethanolic crude extract treatment proved to be more effective in repelling mosquitoes with 0% (0/30) mosquito landing than diethyl ether extract which had 40% (12/30) mosquitoes landing and the control hand (untreated left hand) had the highest landing rate 63.3% (19/30) which showed very high significant difference (χ 2 = 27.2619, df = 2, P <0.00001) in relation to the treatments. After 24 hours holding period, the mortality rate of exposed mosquitoes was observed to be highest in the ethanolic treatment 73.3% (22/30). In conclusion, H. suaveolens extracts have repellency potential in controlling adult An. gambiae.
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
A plant oil formulation (POF) consisting of calamus, cinnamon, citronella, clove, eucalyptus, lemon, menthe, orange oils and natural Camphor 10% was evaluated for its repellent potential against Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say at 250 and 15.25 ppm. At 250 ppm concentrations the POF provided 100% protection from bites of Anopheles stephensi up to a mean time of 6 hours and 30 minutes while for C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti, it was 5 h 30 min. At 15.62 ppm it also exhibited more than 74% mean protection against C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti while it was 62.88% effective against A. stephensi. Ethanol which was used for suspension was kept as negative control and DEET (25 mg) served as positive control. The study concludes that this formulation could be used to repel these insects.
Evaluation of botanicals as repellents against mosquitoes
Journal of vector borne diseases
Repellent properties of three plant extracts--essential oil (steam distillate) of Zanthoxylum limonella (fruits), Citrus aurantifolia (leaf) and petroleum ether extract of Z. limonella (fruits) were evaluated as repellent against Aedes (S.) albopictus mosquitoes in mustard (Dhara) and coconut (Parachute) oil base under laboratory conditions. Three concentrations--10, 20 and 30% of the repellents were evaluated. Repellents in mustard oil afforded longer protection time against the bites of Aedes (S.) albopictus mosquitoes than those in coconut oil. At 30% concentration, 296-304 min protection time was achieved by the test repellents in mustard oil base while repellents in coconut oil exhibited 223.5-245 min protection time at the same concentration. Oil of Z. limonella gave the highest protection time against the bites of Aedes (S.) albopictus mosquitoes at all the concentrations than other herbal repellents tested both in mustard and coconut oil.
Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania
Malaria Journal, 2008
The use of plant repellents against nuisance biting insects is common and its potential for malaria vector control requires evaluation in areas with different level of malaria endemicity. The essential oils of Ocimum suave and Ocimum kilimandscharicum were evaluated against malaria vectors in north-eastern Tanzania.