Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized Using β-Caryophyllene Isolated from Murraya koenigii: Antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum 3D7) and Anticancer Activity (A549 and HeLa Cell Lines) (original) (raw)
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Novel Research in Microbiology Journal
Applications of nanotechnology in different areas of research have expanded over the last years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have beneficial effects as antimicrobials, antioxidants and/or anticancer. Yet, one of the major limitations of their use was employing toxic chemicals as reducing agents. Biosynthesis was advantageous over the physical and chemical synthesis. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using the High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. Cytotoxic activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was tested against humane breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results of characterization showed that AgNPs were irregular spherical in shape, with average diameter of 27.41nm, and width of 4.36nm. The antibacterial assay showed that Portulacaria afra extract had no inhibitory potential against the tested bacteria. However, both AgNO 3 and AgNPs exhibited recognized inhibitory potency against all tested bacteria. AgNPs exhibited wider inhibition zones than AgNO 3. Cytotoxicity test revealed that green synthesized AgNPs had inhibitory activity against cancer cell line (MCF-7) which was concentration dependent, with IC 50 of 75.40 µmole. The aims of the present work were to study the possible green synthesis of AgNPs using P. afra aqueous leaf extract as a reducing agent; to characterize them, to investigate the antibacterial potency and cytotoxic potential of these biosynthesized AgNPs.
Journal of Applied Science, 2017
The green synthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost effective and environmentally benevolent alternative to chemical and physical methods. In this work, a synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been established using leaf extract of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn to reduce an aqueous AgNO3 solution. The obtained samples were characterized by various techniques including ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser particle size analyzer (LPSA). UV-vis spectra showed maximum absorption peak at 416 nm, which represents the characteristic surface plasmon resonance of the nanosilver. The structure of the particles was spherical and ellipsoidal as observed in TEM. FTIR analysis was carried out to probe the possible functional groups involved in the synthesis of AgNPs. The mean particle size calculated using LPSA was 60 nm. In addition, the synthesized AgNPs were tested for their antibacterial activity against two human pathogens including Escherchia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained AgNPs showed higher inhibitory activity on both bacterial species than the plant extract and the bare AgNO3 solution. Moreover, the extract and the synthesized AgNPs were evaluated for the antiradical scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Green synthesis is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for synthesis of silver (Ag), gold (Au) and bimetallic (Ag/Au) nanoparticles (NPs). The present study revealed that synthesis of spherical Ag, Au and Ag/Au nanoparticles using aqueous bark filtrate of Terminalia arjuna which contains arjunetin, leucoanthocyanidins and hydrolysable tannins, which are found to be responsible for bioreduction of Ag + , Au + and Ag + /Au + ions to form as Ag 0 , Au 0 and Ag 0 /Au 0 biometals. The synthesized Ag, Au and Ag/Au NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis for detecting the absorption range, possible functional metabolites, particles nature and size and shape, respectively. UV-visible spectra of aqueous reaction medium containing Ag, Au and Ag/Au nanoparticles showed peak at 430, 530 and 480 nm respectively, due to surface plasmon resonance. FTIR spectra indicate the presence of amines and amides responsible for synthesis of nanoparticles. The crystalline nature with face centered cubic geometry and their preferential orientation along (111) plane of NPs were analyzed through XRD. The EDS analysis showed the completed composition of the synthesized biometals like Ag, Au and Ag/Au NPs. The sizes about 20-60 nm and spherical shaped particles were ascertained by surface analysis using SEM. The efficacy of the synthesized Ag, Au and Ag/Au NPs were tested against third and fourth instars larvae of malarial vector Anopheles stephensi. The results showed that Ag/Au NPs were more significant effect compare with Ag and Au NPs treatment alone. The phyto-mediated synthesized nanoparticles can be a rapid, simple, cost effective and environmentally safer biopesticide for controlling the malarial vector.
Recently, biosynthesis of nanoparticles has attracted scientists' attention because of the necessity to develop new clean, cost-effective and efficient synthesis techniques. The present investigation deals with the rapid synthesis of Silver nanoparticles usin extract of Sarpagandha (rauwolfia serpentina).An ecofriendly, easy, one step, non-toxic and inexpensive approach is used, where aqueous plant extract acts as a reducing as well as stabilizing agent of AgNPs. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Surface plasmon resonance of the nanoparticles was observed at near 450 nm in UV-vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles are spherical in shape and approximately 20 to 30 nm in size.
With increasing global competitions there is a growing need to develop environmentally benevolent nanoparticles without the use of toxic chemicals. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts became one of the potential areas of research. The bioreduction of metal ion is quite rapid, readily perform at room temperature and easily scale up. The present study describes a rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs using Eclipta alba plant extract in a single pot process. The efficiency and the influence of various process variables in the biosynthesis of AgNPs analysed include redundant concentration, temperature and time. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of E. alba and was observed when the medium turned to brown colour with the addition of silver ion. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by the help of UV–visible spectroscopy for their stability and physicochemical parameters were studied by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results confirmed that recorded UV spectra show the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band for AgNPs in the range of 400–440 nm and physiochemical structural analysis shown that obtained AgNPs were crystalline in nature. Further, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized AgNPs against RAW 254.7, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells as well as Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were assessed. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of characterized AgNPs against tested cell lines showed significant anti-cell-proliferation effect in nanomolar concentrations. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs showed effective inhibitory activity against human pathogens, including, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, the significant outcome of this study would help to formulate value added herbal-based nano-materials in biomedical and nanotechnology industries.
Nanoscience Methods
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) by the leaf extract of Murraya koenigii (Indian curry leaf tree) is reported in this study. The colour of the leaf extract prepared by grinding turned from green to brown after treatment with AgNO 3 (1 mM). The UV-visible spectroscopic analysis showed the absorbance peak at about 420 nm, which indicates the synthesis of Ag NPs. Further characterisation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of proteins as capping agents, which increase the stability of Ag NPs in the colloids. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of spherical Ag NPs in the range of 40-80 nm. The bactericidal activity of the standard antibiotics was significantly increased in the presence of Ag NPs against pathogenic bacteria, viz., Escherichia coli-JM-103 (ATCC 39403), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424). Ag NPs in combination with gentamicin showed the maximum activity against E. coli (increase in fold area À4.06), followed by P. aeruginosa (1.11) and S. aureus (0.09), while tetracycline showed maximum activity against S. aureus (2.16) followed by P. aeruginosa (0.24) and E. coli (0.21). The Ag NPs thus obtained demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against three human pathogenic bacteria when used in combination with commercially available antibiotics.
ACS omega, 2020
Biosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining attention because of biologically active plant secondary metabolites that help in green synthesis and also due to their unique biological applications. This study reports a facile, ecofriendly, reliable, and cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of Cucumis prophetarum (C. prophetarum) and their antibacterial and antiproliferative activity. Silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of C. prophetarum, which acted as a reducing and capping agent. The biosynthesized C. prophetarum silver nanoparticles (Cp-AgNPs) were characterized using different techniques, such as UV−visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Phytochemical analysis was performed to determine the phytochemicals responsible for the reduction and capping of the biosynthesized Cp-AgNPs. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. Their antibacterial activity was checked against Staphylococcus aureus (Grampositive) and Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative) bacteria. The biosynthesized nanoparticles showed dosage-dependent inhibition activity with a significant zone of inhibition and were more effective toward S. typhi as compared to S. aureus. Their antiproliferative activity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on selected cancer cell lines. The IC 50 values of Cp-AgNPs on A549, MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and MCF-7 were found to be 105.8, 81.1, 94.2, and 65.6 μg/mL, respectively, and this showed that the Cp-AgNPs were more potent toward MCF-7 as compared to other cell lines used in this study. This work revealed that the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using C. prophetarum leaf extract were associated with good antibacterial activity and antiproliferative potential against selected cancer cell lines. The biosynthesized C. prophetarum AgNPs can be further exploited as a potential candidate for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer agents.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Chemistry(IJSRCH)
In this research article, Silver nanoparticles were synthesized from Khaya senegalensis leaf extracts via green route. Spectroscopic study revealed color change of the solution from yellow to light brown within 25 min of addition of the AgNO3 against leaf aqueous extract with constant stirring. Beyond this time, no further change in color after the nucleation of the metal ions indicating that phytoconstituents of Khaya senegalensis resulted in the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0, a phenomenon that could be attributed to the surface Plasmon excitement of AgNPs. The bio fabricated silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV – Visible, FTIR and RXD so as to be certain of its formation before being deployed in the antimicrobial studies. The UV-Vis spectral analysis of the AgNPs from the leaf extract showed maximum absorbance of 2.01AU at a corresponding wavelength (λ max) of 500nm. The X-Ray Diffraction patterns of green synthesized AgNPs showed that the structure of the nanoparticles under research have face centered cubic (fcc) and spinel like structures with biosynthesized AgNPs having the average particle size of 65.5nm. The antimicrobial studies of Silver nanoparticles were conducted against B. subtilis, K. pneumonia (gram +ve bacteria) and two fungi, A. niger and C. albicans. Different concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500μg/L of Silver nanoparticles were tested against each pathogen. The inhibition zone increases generally with increase in concentrations of silver nanoparticles. At higher concentration of 500μg/L, the zones of inhibition were in the following order; 18.5mm, 26.3mm, 23.5mm, and 24.4mm for Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans respectively. For each concentration investigated, C. albicans, demonstrated higher zone of inhibition as opposed to all other pathogens under investigation. The results of this research therefore indicated that Silver Nanoparticles synthesized from Khaya senegalensis plant extracts demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity on the selected pathogenic microbes, hence be used as antimicrobial agent against the organisms in question.
The current work investigated the green and low-cost preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract from Launaea taraxacifolia leaf and studied its antimicrobial effects. The leaf extract was analysed in a gas chromatogrammass spectrometer to assess the phytochemicals present. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to monitor the formation of AgNPs, the morphological assessment was performed by a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to determine the elemental composition, the particle size and shape were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and the vibrational modes of bonds in the AgNPs were assessed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The AgNPs produced were spherical and in a size range of 9-15.5 nm, monodispersed with a large surface area. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were very low. Against P. aeruginosa, the MIC was 0.10 mg/mL and the MBC was 0.15 mg/mL, while the MIC and MBC against P. mirabilis were 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the AgNPs prepared using L. taraxacifolia leaf extract showed high antibacterial activities and could be a candidate antimicrobial agent for biomedical applications.
Malaria, the most widespread mosquito-borne disease, affects 350-500 million people each year. Eco-friendly control tools against malaria vectors are urgently needed. This research proposed a novel method of plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using a cheap seaweed extract of Ulva lactuca, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The U. lactuca extract and the green-synthesized AgNP were tested against larvae and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. In mosquitocidal assays, LC 50 values of U. lactuca extract against A. stephensi larvae and pupae were 18.365 ppm (I instar), 23.948 ppm (II), 29.701 ppm (III), 37.517 ppm (IV), and 43.012 ppm (pupae). LC 50 values of AgNP against A. stephensi were 2.111 ppm (I), 3.090 ppm (II), 4.629 ppm (III), 5.261 ppm (IV), and 6.860 ppm (pupae). Smoke toxicity experiments conducted against mosquito adults showed that U. lactuca coils evoked mortality rates comparable to the permethrin-based positive control (66, 51, and 41 %, respectively). Furthermore, the antiplasmodial activity of U. lactuca extract and U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of U. lactuca were 57.26 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 66.36 μg/ml (CQ-r); U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP IC 50 values were 76.33 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 79.13 μg/ml (CQ-r). Overall, our results highlighted out that U. lactuca-synthesized AgNP may be employed to develop newer and safer agents for malaria control.