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The interaction between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety symptoms
Dusunen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 2015
The interaction between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety symptoms Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders are commonly seen in the field of child psychiatry. Childhood ADHD and anxiety disorders are comorbid with an estimated rate of 13% to 50%. In this study, it was aimed to research anxiety symptoms and its relation with ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: Fifty children with ADHD and 49 healthy controls (aged 8-15 years) who do not have any psychiatric diagnosis were included in study. We used socio-demographic information form, Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS), Child Behavior Checklist for 4-18 years (CBCL), The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) both parent and child report for assessing these children. The diagnosis were made with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: The anxiety disorders comorbidity rate was 24% in ADHD group. The total scores of SCARED parent and children reports were higher in ADHD group. SCARED children report scores were higher than SCARED parent report scores in both groups. Discussion: Our results agree with the previously reported common anxiety comorbidity with ADHD and the association between attention deficit symptoms and anxiety symptoms. In our study, parents reported fewer anxiety symptoms in their children than children's self reports. Clinicians should evaluate anxiety symptoms carefully in children with ADHD that could be unnoticed by their parents. The treatment should be determined according to the comorbidities.
Noro Psikiyatri Arsivi, 2015
Introduction: Our aim is to investigate the prevalence of comorbidity of anxiety disorders (AD) among patients newly diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to compare symptom severity of ADHD and sociodemographic parameters between patients with and without AD. Methods: Among 1683 children and adolescents admitted to Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Clinic, 447 children and adolescents, who were preliminarily diagnosed as ADHD by clinical interview based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), were invited to participate in the second phase of the study. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime-Turkish Version were applied to children and adolescents with ADHD and one of their parents to support the diagnoses of both ADHD and AD. Mothers, fathers, and teachers of the children were asked to complete DSM-IV-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale. Results: Our study group comprised 170 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD of whom 19.4% were girls and 80.6% were boys; 27.6% of patients diagnosed with ADHD showed AD comorbidity. Age of the parents at birth of the patients with AD was significantly lower than that of patients without AD. Conclusion: In line with the previous studies, the comorbidity rate of AD was found to be higher among patients with ADHD than general population and clinical sample without ADHD. The possibility of comorbidity of AD in patients with ADHD should be considered because higher rates of AD are observed in ADHD and comorbidities of AD.
Psychiatry research, 2008
The clinical characteristics of children with comorbid anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD were examined. A sample of children from a pediatric primary care practice was assessed for anxiety disorders and ADHD. We defined four groups of children: (1) anxiety disorders only with no ADHD (n = 54); (2) ADHD-only with no anxiety disorder (n = 15); (3) neither ADHD nor an anxiety disorder (n = 107); and (4) comorbid ADHD and anxiety disorder (n = 14). Approximately 50% of children with ADHD had a comorbid anxiety disorder, and approximately 20% of children with an anxiety disorder had comorbid ADHD. The presence of comorbid ADHD and anxiety was associated with more attentional problems, school fears, and mood disorders and lower levels of social competence compared to children who had either ADHD-only or anxiety-only. Children with comorbid anxiety disorders and ADHD have more severe symptoms and are more impaired than children with either condition alone. Interventions need to be tailored to address the complexity of these comorbid conditions and their associated sequelae.
Anxiety in Young People With ADHD: Clinical and Self-Report Outcomes
Journal of Attention Disorders, 2012
Objective: (a) To determine the prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder in ADHD, defined by diagnostic criteria and (b) to compare anxiety as reported by parents and participants with clinician assessment. Method: Children with ADHD were assessed for comorbid anxiety disorder using the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for Children. Parent report (Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Long version) and self-report (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Brain Resource Inventory for Screening Cases-Child version) scales were used to assess anxiety. The ADHD-Rating Scale IV was used to measure ADHD symptoms. Results: Of 134 participants (11.0 ± 2.6 years), 31.3% had comorbid anxiety disorder. Comorbid anxiety disorder was associated with greater severity of ADHD. Anxiety symptoms from parent reports (p < .05) but not from child/self-report (p > .05) correlated with clinician assessment. Conclusion: Assessment for comorbid anxiety disorder and inclusion of parent rating in this assessment are important components of ADHD treatment in children and adolescents. (J. of Att. Dis. 2012; XX(X) 1-XX)
Journal of Clinical Psycology, 2010
Introduction: A significant relation found between attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity with anxiety and depression in adult samples and clinical samples. It seems that, emotional components of anxiety and depression with attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity in primary school-age children have been studied a little. The present study investigated the relationship of two mentioned disorders in primary school-age children. Method: A group of 1009 primary school-age children (490 girls and 519 boys from schools of Shiraz) were selected for this research. Results: Using the multivariate regression analysis model indicated that anxiety-depression significantly predict ADHD symptoms (Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity & Combined type). Results were discussed in light of previous research and showing that there is similar mechanism between affective and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity components. Attention Deficit has more contribution in this relation. Conclusion: According to results, biological predisposition may have contribution in developing of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders and anxiety-depression.
Maternal Anxiety and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children
Journal of midwifery and reproductive health, 2014
Background & aim: According to the previous studies, anxiety along with some other psychiatric disorders is common among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since maternal anxiety affects mother-child interactions, early treatment plays an important role in the prognosis of ADHD in children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal anxiety and hyperactivity in children. Methods: This study was conducted on 112 mothers of ADHD children (aged 6-12 years), selected via convenience sampling from October to December 2012. The subjects lived in districts 2 and 6 of Tehran and were referred to consultation centers. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaires were completed by the subjects. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the relationship between variables. Results: A positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety and children’s hypera...
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2008
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is comorbid with a range of other disorders, including anxiety disorders. The aim was to examine different explanations for the covariation of these symptom domains in children according to the framework provided by (Lilienfeld, S. O. Comorbidity between and within childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders: Reflections and directions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2003). The covariation of ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms were examined over a 12-month period in a community sample of 499 children aged 8-13; 91% were retained at 12-month follow-up. Dimensional assessments were conducted using questionnaires given to children, parents and teachers, with results analyzed via structural equation modeling. Positive associations between ADHD and anxiety symptoms were linked with inattention symptoms, were particularly pronounced for girls, and were linked via temperament and behavioral problems. No support for the hypothesis that ADHD symptoms predicted the development of anxiety symptoms over time or vice versa. ADHD symptoms (particularly inattention) and anxiety symptoms are covarying phenomena that are linked with an irritable temperament and disruptive behavior.
Psychiatry Journal
Background. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition typified by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Comorbid psychiatric disorders are common among children and adolescents with ADHD. In this study, it was aimed to examine anxiety and somatic symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD and the effect of methylphenidate treatment on these symptoms. Method. Three groups were formed, consisting of 37 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and received methylphenidate treatment, 37 newly diagnosed, treatment-naive children and adolescents with ADHD diagnosis, and 37 children and adolescents without the diagnosis of ADHD. The symptoms of ADHD in children were examined by using the DSM-IV-based child and adolescent behavior disorders screening and rating scale, the symptoms of anxiety were examined by using the screen for child anxiety-related disorders (SCARED), and somatic symptoms were examined by using the DSM-5 level 2 somat...
ADHD and Anxiety: Clinical Significance and Treatment Implications
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2017
In comparison to the DSM formulation of ADHD, we have proposed that ADHD in adults should be divided into Inattentive and Emotional Dysregulation Presentations. Under both systems, there is potential overlap with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We compared data from four distinct populations: ADHD clinical trials, GAD clinical trials, an ADHD clinic, and a forensic clinic. Approximately 25% of patients in each population had comorbid ADHD and anxiety. Comorbid subjects reported more childhood ADHD symptoms and higher scores on ADHD scales and were more likely to fit criteria for ADHD Emotional Dysregulation Presentation or DSM-IV combined type. Comorbid subjects did not drop out at a higher rate and showed significant drug-placebo differences on ADHD symptoms, including Emotional Dysregulation. Conversely, although symptoms of anxiety decreased, there was no drug-placebo difference in improvement.
Differential diagnosis and comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety in adults
The British journal of clinical psychology, 2017
The aim of this study was to examine symptom profiles of people diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or anxiety (ANX) in order to determine the validity of widely used ADHD and ANX rating scales for differential diagnostic use and to develop modified measures that take symptom overlap into account. A cross-sectional design was used to assess differences in rating scale scores between clinical (n = 52) and control (n = 74) samples as well as differences among subgroups of the clinical sample (22 ADHD; 16 ADHD + ANX; 14 ANX). Participants completed an online questionnaire where they responded to the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS; Conners, Erhardt, & Sparrow, ) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory scales (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, ). Results showed that the CAARS and STAI had limited sensitivity and specificity and may lack in ability to differentially diagnose ADHD and/or ANX. Cluster analysis was used to guide the proposa...